Two figures of merit for single transverse mode operation and an accurate procedure for calculating the coupling coefficient in distributed feedback lasers with laterally-coupled ridge-waveguide surface grating structures and in distributed Bragg reflector lasers with etched-through-ridge-waveguide surface gratings are introduced. Based on the difference in optical confinement between the pumped and un-pumped regions in the transverse plane, the single transverse mode operation figures of merit are effective and easy to calculate, while the improved coupling coefficient calculation procedure gives experimentally confirmed better results than the conventional calculation approaches, particularly for surface gratings with variable refractive index in the grating areas.