Transverse Type Research Articles

Geoparks and Education: UNESCO Global Geopark Villuercas-Ibores-Jara as a Case Study in Spain

The UNESCO Global Geoparks is a good didactic instrument that allows teaching territorial elements in transversal way. The geopark provides a means to address the teaching-learning process of both cultural values and natural values, including geology. This paper aims to highlight the educational activities that have emerged from the Villuercas UNESCO Global Geopark. For this purpose, a qualitative methodology based on document analysis and fieldwork has been used. Through a system of categories, we have analyzed the existing materials on the geopark’s website, its activity book and the schools that have been part of its educational project. The geopark and educational centers collaboration has 76 educational proposals that are developed in the territory of the geopark. Since 2011, all schools in its area of action participate in its educational project with a total of 2500 students per year. The Villuercas geopark involves all students in its territory and encourages learning of a significant, transversal and collaborative type. In the same way, it has a positive impact on environmental awareness and respect for the environment and cultural resources.

Assessment of pick wear based on the field performance of two transverse type roadheaders: a case study from Amasra coalfield

A successful excavation of roadheaders depends on the cutting performance and the tool life of conical picks. Tool life is important in terms of wear rate which is affected by different rock parameters such as equivalent quartz content, mineral grain size, as well as cutting parameters on the cutterhead. In this study, analyses among wear rate, specific energy, advance rate, and cutter consumption were carried out. The wear mechanisms of two different models of conical picks were examined from different aspects depending on rock and machine parameters. Their relation with the mechanical and abrasivity properties of rocks and petrographic analyses were investigated. In addition, the metallurgic content and Rockwell hardness of conical picks were determined to describe the metal alloys and their effects on the wear of cutting tool. The results showed that the metallurgic content, pick positions, and other environmental conditions influence the wear mechanism. Finally, two different models were proposed to estimate the pick consumption in sandstone and siltstone rocks based on actual data obtained from coalfield.

АНАЛІЗ ПАРАМЕТРІВ АКУСТИЧНОЇ АНІЗОТРОПІЇ ПІРОКСЕН-МАГНЕТИТОВИХ ПОРІД ПІЩАНСЬКОЇ СТРУКТУРИ

The analysis of the results of acoustic properties of rocks study of Pischans`ka iron-ore structure is presented. The aim of the work is to establish the features of the distribution of acoustic properties and parameters of acoustic anisotropy in samples of core rocks selected from the well No. 3 of the Pischans`ka structure to determine the nature of its occurrence. A sample of 35 samples from the depth range 144-273 m is divided into 3 groups of rocks, namely: magnetite-pyroxene, quartz-magnetitepyroxene and biotite-amphibole crystalline shales. Based on an invariant polarization method, a number of acoustic laboratory measurements have been carried out. The values of the measured phase velocities "quasi-longitudinal" and two "quasi-transverse" waves at the stage of measurements showed significant acoustic anisotropy of the rocks. The ranges of the measured speeds of the collection samples are 7661 ÷ 5046 m / s for longitudinal waves and 4232 ÷ 2648 m/s for transverse ones. The difference in values measured for each of the sides of the cubic rhombic dodecahedron is from 100 to 800 m / s and from 0 to 500 m/s for Vp and Vs, respectively. The parameters of an acoustic ellipsoid were calculated, on the basis of which the division of samples into 3 main groups has been performed, according to the acoustic texture: acoustically linear, shale and rhombic. Separately, a group of samples with a more complex texture was discovered. The analysis of coefficients of anisotropy by different methods is carried out: longitudinal, transverse and relative acoustic anisotropy. Most of the samples are characterized by low or average acoustic anisotropy (from 2 to 7 %). A group of highly anisotropic rocks (11–14 %), represented by samples of biotite-amphibole crystalline silicates, is singled out. According to the parameters of the acoustic tensor of most samples, the transverse isotropic type of symmetry inherent to samples from the depth intervals 174–220 m and 222–232 m, while the smaller part is rhombic, is inherent. Differences in the parameters of anisotropy of samples can be explained by the significant heterogeneity of their textures, namely: micro cracks, minerals of various sizes, shapes and orientations. The results of the research show that the acoustic properties of the samples are quite heterogeneously distributed along the investigated depth range. This indicates the difficult conditions for the formation of rocks at different depths and the presence of different types of deformations, which accompanied the formation of the Pischans`ka structure.

Study of an Ultrasonic Probe Installed into a Small Diameter-Pipe Using an Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer

Metal pipes having an inner diameter of about 25 mm or less are frequently used as heat exchangers for power plants, gas pipes, and water pipes. However, erosion and corrosion due to long-term use may cause serious accidents, such as steam leaks, resulting in economic loss and environmental pollution. Therefore, inspection of the entire length and thickness before shipping or monitoring during operation are important technologies. However, no inspection technology including the inside of the wall thickness has been developed. The purpose was to develop an ultrasonic probe that can inspect the inner and outer surfaces from the inside of the pipe at the same time. The developed ultrasonic probe is based on an electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer (EMAT) that does not require a couplant and is then easy to install in a pipe. The EMAT for the longitudinal and for the transverse vibration mode guided wave are connected in series in order to take into account the variety of defects. First, the EMAT was successfully developed for each mode. That is, it was conducted by using the magnetostrictive effect for the longitudinal mode type and by using the Lorentz force for the transverse mode type. and evaluated to improve the performance. The reflected signal from a notch defect was then evaluated in the state that each EMAT was connected in series using any artificial defects and found to be able to detect any notches with about 10% depth or about 15% circumferential length.

Fracture Resistance of Titanium, Chrome-Cobalt, and Gold Alloy as Post and Core Materials: A Comparative Evaluation.

ABSTRACTAim:This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the fracture resistance of different metallic post and core materials.Materials and Methods:Twenty-four maxillary–central incisors were selected, standardized, and segregated into three groups (GP I–III) (n = 8) based on the type of alloy used for post and core preparation. GP I (gold alloy [Au]), GP II (chrome–cobalt alloy [Co–Cr]), and GP III (titanium alloy [Ti]) were comparatively evaluated for use as post and core materials. The teeth were endodontically treated and tooth preparation for post core was done.Metal post and cores were fabricated using indirect wax pattern and luted. Teeth were mounted on resin bases, fracture testing was done, and type of fractures were analyzed.Results:Mesiodistal type of fracture was the most common among experimental groups with a percentage incidence of 54.20%. The comminuted type of fracture was the next most common with a percentage incidence of 29.2%. The incidence of buccolingual, transverse, and other type of fracture was not common and had a percentage incidence of 29.2%, 4.2%, 8.3% and 4.2% respectively. Group II had the highest fracture resistance with a mean value of 742.89N. Group III and Group I had mean values of 482.33 and 361.1123N. Statistically significant difference between experimental groups (I and II) and (II and III) was observed in load values of root fracture (P < 0.05).Conclusion:On the basis of the protocols used and limitations of this study, among metallic post and core materials tested, GP II had the highest fracture resistance values. Further evaluation of these different post and core systems, new alloy formulations designed specifically for use as post and core materials, and assessment in a clinical setting is recommended.

Evaluation of Sleep Quality and Daytime Sleepiness in Dentistry Students

Objective: To evaluate sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness in undergraduate dentistry students. Material and Methods: This research is characterized as an observational study of transversal type, having analysed undergraduate students in dentistry from a public university in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The sample consisted of 325 students enrolled between the 1st and 10th academic semester. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while excessive daytime sleepiness was analysed through the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) . The t-Student and Mann-Whitney tests were used for the numerical values, with the F-test (ANOVA) or the Kruskal-Wallis test being used to compare more than two categories. Results: It was observed that 71.1% of students presented a poor sleep quality, with more than half of the students exhibiting excessive daytime sleepiness (58.1%). A relationship between sleep quality and the academic semester was verified. However, gender and age were not associated with sleep quality or with excessive daytime sleepiness . Conclusion: A high prevalence of poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness was observed among undergraduate students in dentistry. The data suggest that the undergraduate degree in Dentistry can influence the students’ quality of sleep, regardless of age or gender.

El autocuidado en pacientes ostomizados

Dorothea Orem en su teoría, aborda al individuo de manera integral en función de situar los cuidados básicos como el centro de la ayuda al ser humano a adaptarse a su nueva condición y mejorar su calidad de vida (Prado et al, 2014). El objetivo es identificar las prácticas de autocuidado en pacientes ostomizados en dos hospitales públicos de la ciudad de Ibarra. Se utiliza la metodología, tipo descriptivo y observacional, enfoque cuantitativo El grupo de estudio está constituido por 15 pacientes ostomizados, como técnica de recolección de datos se aplicó el cuestionario montreux de calidad de vida a pacientes ostomizados, donde se describen los cuidados en dimensiones, se registró la evaluación de la estoma mediante la observación directa durante el primer semestre del año 2018. Las prácticas de autocuidado identificadas en los pacientes ostomizados son las siguientes: en la dimensión calidad de vida el 66.67% del grupo de estudio demuestra interés por su auto-cuidado; dimensión autosuficiencia en relación a la adaptabilidad a la estoma el 46.67% considera una práctica fácil; dimensión sobre cuestiones generales el 40% del grupo de estudio está totalmente seguro en realizar su autocuidado. Es indispensable contar con personal capacitado para promover actividades de autocuidado enfocadas en la adaptación a la estoma e identificar las dificultades que atraviesan este tipo de pacientes.

Underwater acoustic metamaterial based on double Dirac cone characteristics in rectangular phononic crystals**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11602269, 11972034, and 11802213), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB22040301), and the Research Program of Beijing, China (Grant Nos. Z161100002616034 and Z171100000817010).

We theoretically construct a rectangular phononic crystal (PC) structure surrounded by water with C2v symmetry, and then place a steel rectangular scatterer at each quarter position inside each cell. The final complex crystal has two forms: the vertical type, in which the distance s between the center of the scatterer and its right-angle point is greater than 0.5a, and the transverse type, in which s is smaller than 0.5a (where a is the crystal constant in the x direction). Each rectangular scatterer has three variables: length L, width D, and rotation angle θ around its centroid. We find that, when L and D change and θ is kept at zero, there is always a linear quadruply degenerate state at the corner of the irreducible Brillouin zone. Then, we vary θ and find that the quadruply degenerate point splits into two doubly-degenerate states with odd and even parities. At the same time, the band structure reverses and undergoes a phase change from topologically non-trivial to topologically trivial. Then we construct an acoustic system consisting of a trivial and a non-trivial PC with equal numbers of layers, and calculate the projected band structure. A helical one-way transmission edge state is found in the frequency range of the body band gap. Then, we use the finite-element software Comsol to simulate the unidirectional transmission of this edge state and the backscattering suppression of right-angle, disorder, and cavity defects. This acoustic wave system with rectangular phononic crystal form broadens the scope of acoustic wave topology and provides a platform for easy acoustic operation.

Solid-state generator of EHF range with increased long-term frequency stability

A method for long-term frequency stabilization of a solid-state generator of the EHF range by maintaining a constant temperature of the resonant system is described. An open resonator with resonant frequency mainly determined by its length is used. The resonator temperature was controlled by a semiconductor sensor and the temperature stabilization was carried out using Peltier elements connected between the fuel element (Gunn diode) and the radiator. The multi-link matching of the active element and the open resonator, which rarefy the spectrum of the output signal in both transverse and longitudinal types of oscillations, was used to match a high-Q open resonator with a low-impedance source of electrical oscillations. The generation frequency with the Gunn diode was 36 GHz, the modulation characteristic of the generator S = Δfг /ΔUД = 6 MHz / V, output power was not less than 50 mW, accuracy of temperature control t = ± 1 0C in the range of external temperature changes -20 - + 30 0C, operating temperature was 35 0C. As a result, the open resonator generator had a frequency drift of less than 0.5 MHz for 7 hours. For comparison, the frequency drift of a similar generator with a waveguide resonator for the same time was about 20 MHz. In addition, the generator with an open resonator and thermal stabilization entered the frequency stabilization mode earlier. Frequency stability, estimated by the labels of the spectrum analyzer, is not worse than 1 ∙ 10-7 min-1. Long-term temperature stability (Δf/f)/ΔТ = ±1·10-6/0C. It should be noted that the resonator is excited on a quasi-basic type of oscillation, which allows additional frequency tuning by changing the length L of the resonator ~ 0.25 GHz with a decrease in the output power by 3 dB. A similar method could be used to create a solid-state sources with long-term stability in the 150-300 GHz frequency range.

Proposal of Two-Dimensional Magnetic Field Analysis Model for Transverse Magnetic Flux Type Linear Synchronous Motor

Proposal of Two-Dimensional Magnetic Field Analysis Model for Transverse Magnetic Flux Type Linear Synchronous Motor

Study of Domain Wall Propagation in FePt and FePd Nanowires Driven by Sub-nanosecond Pulse of Magnetic Field by Micromagnetic Simulation

In this study, we investigated the domain wall propagation behavior in FePt and FePd nanowires by micromagnetic simulation based on LLG equation. A rectangular shape nanowire model was generated with a fixed length of 2000 nm and varied thicknesses of 2.5 nm and 5 nm. The wire widths were varied of 50 nm, 100 nm, and 150 nm. The 500 ps length of magnetic-pulse was applied in-plane to a transverse type domain wall. We observed the Walker Breakdown field (HWB), which means the maximum domain wall velocity before it was abruptly decreased. The transverse DW structure was maintained below HWB while vortex/antivortex wall structure was formed in the higher magnetic field. Interestingly, the HWB value of both FePt and FePd were decreased as the width and thickness of the nanowires increased. We have also analyzed the changing of the demagnetization and exchange energy for the domain wall structure transition from transverse wall to vortex/anti-vortex wall.

Investigation of Notch Dept Effect on Domain Wall Depinning in Ferromagnetic Nanowires by Micromagnetic Simulation

Utilization of topological nanostructure such as magnetic domain wall (DW) as a future generation of non-volatile memory as racetrack memory has been attracted more researchers due to potential to achieve higher speed of data read/writing and capacity. However, completed understanding of DW dynamics was still need to be improved by advanced analysis from the theoretical/simulation or experimental methods. In this study, the effect of geometrical notch dept on domain wall depinning in Permalloy (Py) nanowires by micromagnetic simulation method have been investigated. The varied double notch dept from 10 to 90 nm in 200 nm of wire width were used and the transverse type DW was triggered by nanosecond current pulse to observe the critical depinning current (Jd). It is observed that the depinning current was increased as the notch dept increases. However, the magnitude of Jd have a maximum values for all notch length variation. The increasing of notch length has shifted the maximum Jd to the larger notch dept values. This behavior indicated that the optimum notch design was needed to obtain higher speed and lower depinning energy in the development of domain wall based devices.

Radiation dosage distribution in area room CT scan multi slice 64 to dose limit value

An analysis of the distribution of radiation doses in the area of ??CT Scan Multi-Slice 64 has been carried out in Sanglah Hospital Denpasar. The study was conducted by dividing the area around the room into 8 regions and paths that indicate the distance from the wall to the surveillance. Measurements were made at several points at intervals of 1 m. Each point is taken three times the data collection. From the results of the distribution analysis it was found that there was an increase in the radiation dose rate to the Dose Limit Value (DLV) with a significance level below 0.05 occurring in region C with an average dose rate of 142.32 µSv/h, region E with an average value of an average of 111.36 µSv/h and area D with an average value of 40.68 µSv/h which has a value above the DLV. Whereas the value of the dose rate of other regions is below the DLV. Areas with a 25 cm transverse brick type barrier wall that has a 2 m window above have an average dose rate of 129.55 µSv/h, a 5 cm wooden door with a 2 mm Pb layer has an average dose rate of 67, 91 ?Sv/h.

Anatomical Pathology of Subtle Lisfranc Injury

The extent and patterns of Lisfranc joint complex disruption in subtle Lisfranc injuries have not been well clarified. We reviewed the direct intraoperative findings for 87 patients, examined computed tomography images that had been obtained preoperatively for 73 of the patients, and classified the injuries according to the Kaar et al. criteria as the transverse type (instability between the first cuneiform [C1] and the second metatarsal [M2] and between the second cuneiform [C2] and M2) or longitudinal type (instability between C1 and M2 and between C1 and C2). Our patients’ injuries were classified as follows: longitudinal type (38%), transverse type (30%), transverse type and first tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint injury (20%), longitudinal type plus transverse type (7%), longitudinal type and first TMT joint injury (3%), and longitudinal type, transverse type, and first TMT joint injury (2%). In 11 patients, the longitudinal injury extended into the naviculo-first cuneiform joint. In 41 (56%) of the 73 patients for whom CT images were obtained, 1 or more fractures (not counting small avulsion fragments between C1 and M2) were found. Orthopedic surgeons should be aware of the various injury patterns possible in cases of subtle Lisfranc injury.

Coordination of forces of mechanical and electric subsystems of power plant with free piston engine and electric generator of reciprocating type

Autonomous power supply system of modern mobile special-purpose equipment requires the development of electromechanical energy converters with high energy and minimum weight- and size indicators. In industrialized countries, the system “free piston engine – reciprocating electric generator of transverse type” is considered as a promising power plant. The main feature of this kind of power plant is the lack of crank mechanism in the engine design. This allows: increasing the efficiency of the engine up to 50–60 % and overall power by 2.5–3 times while reducing the specific gravity and metal consumption compared to traditional engines; reducing the specific fuel consumption of the engine up to 30 %; increasing the resource to overhaul by 30–50 thousand hours; implementing a modular structure. The main drawbacks of this kind of power plant are high probability of failure when passing the ignition of the working mixture and instability of work with significant load fluctuations. The noted drawbacks are due to the inconsistency of the forces of the electrical and mechanical subsystems of the power plant throughout the operating cycle. The solution for the problem of matching the forces of the electrical and mechanical subsystems of the power plant in the extreme positions of the piston group of the free piston engine is of particular complexity. In this regard, a method for solving the problem of matching the forces of the mechanical and electrical subsystems of the power plant with a free-piston engine throughout the operating cycle was developed, characterized by the use of an electromechanical reciprocating energy converter with transverse- and longitudinal nonlinear changes in the magnetic flux in the electrical subsystem. Coordination of the forces of mechanical and electrical subsystems of the power plant on the entire operating cycle makes it possible to fulfill the conditions of continuous electromechanical energy conversion at all work cycle and to reduce the specific gravity of the electrical subsystems of the plant while improving efficiency.

Role of pentraxin-3 in risk assessment of patients with metabolic syndrome.

Inflammation plays a major role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its progression. Recent studies have shown that pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), osteoprogerin (OPG), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are key factors in MetS pathophysiology, but evidence for endorsing their clinical use is currently unclear and insufficient. The study aimed to evaluate the association between the inflammatory biomarkers' levels and the severity of MetS. The study was observational, transversal, prospective, cohort, and analytical type. We enrolled 80 patients (M:F = 1, mean age = 55 ± 10.77 years) who met MetS criteria. The study protocol included: medical history, physical examination, 6-min walk test distance (6MWTD), biochemical tests, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and carotid ultrasonography. We also performed plasmatic measurement of PTX-3, OPG, and TNF-α, in addition to standard biochemical tests. Subjects with severe MetS had higher values of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (p < 0.001, p = 0.001). PTX-3 levels were significantly higher in patients with severe MetS (p = 0.03) and the values were not influenced by age or gender. OPG positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.264, p = 0.018). 6MWTD was lower in patients with severe MetS (p = 0.005), whereas CCA-IMT was higher in this group of patients (p = 0.005). In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for PTX-3 identified a cut-off value of 10.7ng/dl that differentiates between mild and severe MetS [AUC 0.656; sensitivity =47.1% (95% CI = 36.1%-62.3%); specificity = 78.9% (95% CI = 54.4%-93.9%)]. PTX-3 was correlated with the severity of MetS, with other inflammatory parameters and cardiovascular tests. CCA-IMT and 6MWTD are useful in differentiating between mild and severe MetS.

Sistema de Información estudiantil para mejorar la gestión escolar del Centro Educativo Básico General El Empalme

En este trabajo se presenta, un sistema de información estudiantil para mejorar la gestión escolar del CEBG El Empalme. Se propuso un enfoque de investigación cualitativo, con un diseño no experimental, tipo transversal y descriptiva. La unidad de análisis es el CEBG El Empalme y la unidad de observación es un Sistema de Información estudiantil para mejorar la gestión escolar del CEBG El Empalme, distrito de Changuinola, Bocas del Toro, Panamá. En el proceso de desarrollo, se utilizó como instrumento la entrevista, la cual se enfocó en recolectar los datos pertinentes que se utilizaron dentro del sistema de gestión estudiantil para el CEBG El Empalme. El Sistema de Gestión Estudiantil se diseñó con una Metodología en Cascada: Framework Lineal, el mismo hace énfasis al entorno en el cual se plantea y estructura el desarrollo de un sistema. Se concluyó que, el sistema de gestión estudiantil cumplió con cada uno de los requisitos especificados para el desarrollo de la aplicación, la simplicidad del software permitió interactuar con el usuario y se adecuo a las necesidades del CEBG El Empalme.

A prospective, randomized clinical trial of transverse versus longitudinal incisions for trigger finger release.

We investigated whether incision type affects scar quality or outcome following trigger finger release. Our primary and secondary hypotheses were that transverse and longitudinal incision types yield similar scar quality and functional improvement. Digits undergoing trigger finger release at the participating hospitals were randomized to receive transverse or longitudinal incisions. The Patient Scar Assessment Scale, Observer Scar Assessment Scale, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score were collected at 8 and 54weeks postoperatively. Of 86 randomized patients, 67 patients (71%) had followed-up at 54weeks postoperatively. We found no significant differences in above three assessments between the incisions at either time-point. Among patients receiving both incision types for multiple simultaneous trigger finger release, there were no significant differences in Patient Scar Assessment Scale or Observer Scar Assessment Scale scores. We found no significant difference in the scar quality and improvement in patient-reported disability with transverse or longitudinal incisions for trigger finger release. Level of evidence: II.

Elementos psicopedagógicos en niños de preescolar y factores de protección

The objective of the present investigation is to evaluate cognitive, motor and emotional aspects of preschool children in order to identify risk factors within the development in the second childhood. The problem of various factors directly influences the school culture, in this way, the study was based on mentioned evaluations, with students who presented behavioral problems, in order to find indicators that explain the type of behavior performed by the minor that causes disturbance in the school context in the teaching process. For this, the methodology used was of a non-experimental qualitative / transversal type, through a non-probabilistic sampling of the type subject. The contribution obtained within the investigation is observed with quantifiable linear frequency data (92%), the direct influence of the inappropriate behavior of minors related to domestic violence, using the school context as a means of affective and effective protection, not obtaining significant data in cognitive areas.

Satisfacción del clima organizacional del bachillerato en profesores de educación física

Human resources is a key point for organizations, the correlation of job satisfaction and organizational climate are important indicators. There are numerous studies that evaluate student satisfaction by referring to physical education; However, few studies focus on the satisfaction of the physical climate of the physical education teacher, which is a factor that impacts educational quality. For this reason, the objective of this study is to evaluate the satisfaction of the organizational climate of physical education teachers in the upper middle level. A descriptive-correlational study, of transversal type, is presented. The "Questionnaire for the analysis of the perception of the satisfaction of the working environment in organizations" was used for data collection. The study participants were 43 professors who teach the subject of physical culture and health of the upper middle level of the UANL. Among the most significant results, there is a high satisfaction (70%) determined by the physical conditions of the job; in relation to the sports equipment available for carrying out activities, the satisfaction was of acceptable level (55%) but not high as expected; When making a correlation with the organizational climate, we observe that the indicators of teamwork, communication and distribution of workloads are at a medium level (46%), influenced by the low participation of workers in cultural and recreational activities. In conclusion, sports managers must have as an important factor the satisfaction of the organizational climate. Our results agree that managers must promote synergy among workers of all levels that encourages greater satisfaction of the organizational climate.