Transversal Surfaces Research Articles

Psicanálise e saúde mental infanto-juvenil: uma reflexão sobre o lugar da subjetividade nos CAPSi

The aim of this article is to discuss the work of the mental health teams in the Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPSi), in order to consider subjectivity as a factor of inclusion. The methodology used was based on applied psychoanalysis. Franco Basaglia's contributions were revisited in order to understand his influence on the Psychiatric Reform in Brazil and to elucidate the current practice of CAPSi. The current impasses in the field of subjectivity in the Psychiatric Reform are discussed and it is proposed to locate transversal surfaces that articulate the presence of a psychoanalytic approach to subjectivity in psychosocial care. The conclusion is that it is important to discuss a psychoanalytic approach to subjectivation in public mental health services, so that treatment in these services is not polarized between biological reductionism and psychosocial care.

Cytocompatibility, cell-material interaction, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts in contact with engineered Mg/PLA composites.

Bioabsorbable Mg wire-reinforced poly-lactic acid (PLA) matrix composites are potential candidate for load-bearing orthopedic implants offering tailorable mechanical and degradation properties by stacking sequence, volume fraction and surface modification of Mg wires. In this study, we investigated the cytocompatibility, cell-material interaction, and bone differentiation behavior of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells for medical-grade PLA, Mg/PLA, and PEO-Mg/PLA (having PEO surface modification on Mg wires) composites. MTT and live/dead assay showed excellent biocompatibility of both composites while cell-material interaction analysis revealed that cells were able to adhere and proliferate on the surface of composites. Cells on the longitudinal surface of composites showed a high and uniform cell density while those on transversal surfaces initially avoided Mg regions but later migrated back after the formation of the passivation layer. Bone differentiation tests showed that cells in extracts of PLA and composites were able to initiate the differentiation process as osteogenesis-related gene expressions, alkaline phosphatase protein quantity, and calcium mineralization increased after 7 and 14 days of culture. Interestingly, the bone differentiation response of PEO-Mg/PLA composite was found to be similar to medical-grade PLA, proving its superiority over Mg/PLA composite.

Influence of metallurgical texture on the abrasive wear of hot-rolled wear resistant carbon steels

Hot-rolled wear resistant carbon steel sheets are commonly applied in mining equipment as abrasive wear-resistant material for front loaders, chutes, etc. The rolling process can induce metallurgical texture in the form of alternating bands of ferrite and pearlite known as "banding" which affect the mechanical properties of the material. The goal of this work was to verify the impact of metallurgical texture on the abrasion resistance of hot-rolled wear resistant carbon steels. SEM images of the field specimens showed that the prevailing wear mechanism was parallel scratches. This wear mechanism was replicated in the laboratory using a dry sand-rubber wheel wear tester. The particle size used in the abrasive wear test (0.15–0.30 mm) was defined by the topographical analysis of the field sample. In addition, linear scratch tests were conducted to determine the specific scratch energy. The block specimens used in the abrasion wear tests were cut from hot rolled plates with and without metallurgical texture taking into account the rolling direction. Metallographic analysis of these samples showed an anisotropic microstructure related to the lateral and transversal surfaces of the plates. The wear rate of the lateral surface was up to 40% lower than that of the upper surface. This result was attributed to the presence of metallurgical texture that increased hardness. In addition, the wear rate presented a linear relationship to the scratch specific energy. In this case, samples without metallurgical texture were more difficult to scratch. The analysis of the specific energy and wear rate parameters clearly showed the anisotropy of the samples presenting metallurgical texture, which corresponded to the highest abrasive wear rate.

Numerical examination of an operationally flexible lignite-fired boiler including its convective section using as supporting fuel pre-dried lignite

This work simulates the main furnace and the convective section of the lignite-fired Ag. Dimitrios V boiler located in Kozani, Northern Greece, under three different thermal loads (100%, 60% and 35% of the nominal one) using the Ansys Fluent 15.0® software program. The lowest thermal load investigated, i.e. 35% of the nominal one, is lower than the current technical minimum of the unit (~55%). In order to ensure the furnace stability and efficiency in this low thermal load, a co-combustion scheme of pre-dried with raw lignite is implemented. Due to sub-stoichiometric operating conditions in the main furnace zone in the full-load case and the formation of a two-stage over-fire air (OFA) system, the simulation of whole the furnace, including both the main furnace and the convective section of the boiler, is necessary, to investigate the char conversion and the furnace performance thoroughly. The simulation of the convective section is based on the porous media analysis using the Macro Heat Exchanger Model provided by Ansys Fluent 15.0®. The results regarding the total heat transfer towards the working medium and the flue gas average temperature at the main furnace outlet surface and at characteristic transversal surfaces of the convective section are compared against thermodynamic model predictions and experimental values showing good agreement, since the maximum percentage difference between the results of the two software tools and with the experimental values is approximately equal to 10%. Based on these results, it is indicated that the injection of pre-dried lignite fuel ensures the combustion stability and high efficiency of the boiler in lower thermal load (35%) than the current technical minimum of the unit.

The first forest fire history of the Burabai Region (Kazakhstan)from tree rings of Pinus sylvestris

Forest fires are one of the most important events causing an abrupt decrease in tree-ring width. Although humans are the main cause of forest fires, extreme weather or climate change may promote the frequency and severity of fires. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct historical fires in the Burabai Region of Kazakhstan including their frequency and seasons. Five tree cross-sections with fire scars were collected from two different sites, Akylbai and Burabai. After sanding the transversal surfaces of the cross-sections, the year and season of fire scars were determined. We identified 15 fires during the last 300 years in the region. The mean fire interval is 27 years, with minimum and maximum fire intervals of 9 and 53 years, respectively. The seasonally determined fire scars generally occurred during the middle earlywood formation (77%), and less in early earlywood (22%). Three site chronologies of Pinus sylvestris L. were also used to find the effect and extent of the fires. The negative effect of fires on tree growth lasted 1 to 8 years after the fire. Four of the fire scars had long-term negative effects (up to 10 years) on tree growth in the years of 1759, 1779, 1871, and 1952. Fires of 1759, 1797, 1824, 1833, 1852, and 1871 are seen in both sites, suggesting that these fires spread over large areas.

Biomimetic Remineralization of Human Enamel in the Presence of Polyamidoamine Dendrimers in vitro

Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, known as artificial proteins, have unique and well-defined molecular size and structure. It has previously been used to mimic protein-crystal interaction during biomineralization. In this study, generation 4.5 (4.5G) PAMAM with carboxylic acid (PAMAM-COOH) was synthesized and utilized to remineralize the surface of etched enamel in vitro. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy we observed that 4.5G PAMAM-COOH can be absorbed on the etched enamel surface and that it can induce the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals with the same orientation as that of the enamel prisms on longitudinal and transversal enamel surfaces. The self-assembly behavior of PAMAM in the mineralization solution was also investigated and the result showed that 4.5G PAMAM can assemble to microribbon structure similar to the behavior of amelogenins. Therefore, we concluded that 4.5G PAMAM-COOH assemblies can act as the organic template on enamel surface and in mineralization solution to control the nucleation site and morphology of new-grown crystals to form the biomimetic structure of human enamel, which may open a new way for repairing damaged enamel.

Regeneration of biomimetic hydroxyapatite on etched human enamel by anionic PAMAM template in vitro

ObjectiveTo repair the demineralized enamel by biomimetic method, and the effect of Poly (amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers on the crystallization of hydroxyapatite on etched enamel surface is investigated. DesignPAMAM dendrimers were synthesized step by step following the classical method and modified with the carboxylic acid groups (COOH) on the surface. Demineralized human enamel samples were immersed in 10,000ppm PAMAM-COOH solution for 30min and then in calcium phosphorous solution with or without fluoride under near-clinical conditions for 20h. Other samples without PAMAM-COOH were immersed in calcium phosphorous solution as the control group. After the immersion, the micro structure, morphology and composition of the regrown crystals on the longitudinal and transversal enamel surfaces were investigated by SEM, XRD and FTIR, and the results were compared with etched enamel and intact enamel. ResultsWith the PAMAM-COOH templates, well-arranged rod-like crystals were formed and they were parallel to the long axis of enamel crystals, which was more obvious on the longitudinal enamel surface. Otherwise, irregular flake-like crystals were obtained without PAMAM-COOH. Fluorapatite was not influenced by the PAMAM-COOH but its specific distribution also shown the patterns of the PAMAM-COOH temples XRD spectra showed that the main phase of the obtained crystals with PAMAM-COOH was hydroxyapatite and their morphology and structure were close to the intact enamel. Amide I band and two bands of methylene groups of PAMAM-COOH detected by FTIR demonstrated the presence of PAMAM-COOH within the biomimetic coating. ConclusionsIt was concluded that PAMAM-COOH can play as the organic template on the demineralized enamel surface to induce the formation of HAP crystals with the same structure, orientation and mineral phase of the intact enamel in relatively short time.

Short Communication. Wood identification based on their common name and their transversal surface anatomy. Application to the batch from the expedition of Ruiz and Pavon

Aim of study: To identify species of wood samples based on common names and anatomical analyses of their transversal surfaces (without microscopic preparations).Area of study: Spain and South America.Material and Methods: The test was carried out on a batch of 15 lumber samples deposited in the Royal Botanical Garden in Madrid, from the expedition by Ruiz and Pavón (1777-1811). The first stage of the methodology is to search and to make a critical analysis of the databases which list common nomenclature along with scientific nomenclature. A geographic filter was then applied to the information resulting from the samples with a more restricted distribution. Finally an anatomical verification was carried out with a pocket microscope with a magnification of x40, equipped with a 50 micrometers resolution scale.Main results: The identification of the wood based exclusively on the common name is not useful due to the high number of alternative possibilities (14 for “naranjo”, 10 for “ébano”, etc.). The common name of one of the samples (“huachapelí mulato”) enabled the geographic origin of the samples to be accurately located to the shipyard area in Guayaquil (Ecuador). Given that Ruiz y Pavón did not travel to Ecuador, the specimens must have been obtained by Tafalla. It was possible to determine correctly 67% of the lumber samples from the batch. In 17% of the cases the methodology did not provide a reliable identification.Research highlights: It was possible to determine correctly 67% of the lumber samples from the batch and their geographic provenance. The identification of the wood based exclusively on the common name is not useful.Key words: historic wood; Ruiz and Pavon’s expedition; wood anatomy; wood identification; wood nomenclature.

Regions of Attraction for Hybrid Limit Cycles of Walking Robots

AbstractThis paper illustrates the application of recent research in region-of-attraction analysis for nonlinear hybrid limit cycles. Three example systems are analyzed in detail: the van der Pol oscillator, the “rimless wheel”, and the “compass gait”, the latter two being simplified models of underactuated walking robots. The method used involves decomposition of the dynamics about the target cycle into tangential and transverse components, and a search for a Lyapunov function in the transverse dynamics using sum-of-squares analysis (semidefinite programming). Each example illuminates different aspects of the procedure, including optimization of transversal surfaces, the handling of impact maps, optimization of the Lyapunov function, and orbitally-stabilizing control design.

Investigation of Activation Rate Uniformity in a Prompt-γ Rays IVNAA Facility

The preliminary design studies for developing a prompt-gamma rays in vivo neutron activation analysis facility are in construction at Neutron Activation Research Centre of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. In this work, activation rate distribution is studied in different bilateral configurations in order to reduce the CV of activation rate distribution throughout the body to less than 10%. It means that the maximum RMS deviation from the mean value of distribution must be smaller than 0.5%. The best case includes two pairs of (241)Am-Be neutron sources. Each pair (with 70 cm distance between two sources) is positioned within up and down 40 x 110 cm(2) area graphite collimators. Also, four moderator/reflector objects are added to transversal body surfaces with 5 cm thick water and 3 cm thick graphite. The proper thickness of polyethylene pre-moderators is chosen 8 mm. The RMS deviation of distribution is 0.3% with the mean activation rate of 1.85 x 10(-6) cm(-3).

Robustness of Models Based on near Infrared Spectra to Predict the Basic Density in Eucalyptus Urophylla Wood

Scientific contributions have shown good results by using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a rapid and reliable tool for characterising lignocellulosic materials. Many reports have evaluated the predictive power and the robustness of the NIR models by means of methods known to validate them. However, in most of these investigations, the samples were divided systematically into two non-independent groups: one group was used to build and the other to validate the NIR models. This approach does not adequately simulate a real situation in which the properties of unknown samples should be predicted by established NIR models. Hence, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the robustness of models based on NIR spectroscopy to predict wood basic density in Eucalyptus urophylla using two totally independent sample sets. Wood density and NIR spectra were measured in diffuse reflectance mode on transversal, radial and tangential surfaces of wood samples in two data sets. We used one data set to build partial least squares regression (PLS-R) models and another to validate them and vice versa. The predictive models developed from the radial surface NIR spectra proved satisfactory with r2 p varying from 0.79 to 0.85 and RPD ranging from 2.3 to 2.7, while the spectra measured on tangential and transversal wood surfaces generated less robust regression models. Our results showed that it is possible to assess wood density in unknown samples by established PLS-R models from solid wood samples preferably using radial surfaces.

Transversal Surfaces of Ruled Surfaces in the Pseudo-Galilean Space

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Shape of attractors for three-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems

We introduce a method to bound attractors of dissipative dynamical systems in phase and parameter spaces. The method is based on the determination of families of transversal surfaces (surfaces crossed by the flow in only one direction). This technique yields very restrictive geometric bounds in phase space for the attractors. It also gives ranges of parameters of the system for which no chaotic behavior is possible. We illustrate our method on different three-dimensional dissipative systems.

Perennials and the group-theoretical quantization of a parametrized scalar field on a curved background

The perennial formalism is applied to the real, massive Klein–Gordon field on a globally-hyperbolic background space–time with compact Cauchy hypersurfaces. The parametrized form of this system is taken over from the accompanying paper. Two different algebras 𝒮can and 𝒮loc of elementary perennials are constructed. The elements of 𝒮can correspond to the usual creation and annihilation operators for particle modes of the quantum field theory, whereas those of 𝒮loc are the smeared fields. Both are shown to have the structure of a Heisenberg algebra, and the corresponding Heisenberg groups are described. Time evolution is constructed using transversal surfaces and time shifts in the phase space. Important roles are played by the transversal surfaces associated with embeddings of the Cauchy hypersurface in the space–time, and by the time shifts that are generated by space–time isometries. The automorphisms of the algebras generated by this particular type of time shift are calculated explicitly. The construction of the quantum theory using the perennial formalism is shown to be equivalent to the Segal quantization of a Weyl system if the time shift automorphisms of the algebra 𝒮can are used. In this way, the absence of any timelike Killing vector field in the background space–time leads naturally to the ‘‘problem of time’’ for quantum field theory on a background space–time. Within the perennial formalism, this problem is formally identical to the problem of time for any parametrized system, including general relativity itself. Two existing strategies—the ‘‘scattering’’ approach, and the ‘‘algebraic’’ approach—for dealing with this problem in quantum field theory on a background space–time are translated into the language of the perennial formalism in the hope that this may give some insight into how the general problem can be solved. The non-unitary time evolution typical of the Hawking effect is shown to be due to global properties of the corresponding phase space: specifically, the time shifts map a global transversal surface to a non-global one. Thus, the existence of this effect is closely related to the global time problem.

Time evolution and observables in constrained systems

The investigation of constrained systems is limited to first-class parametrized systems, where the definition of time evolution and observables is not trivial, and to finite-dimensional systems in order that technicalities do not obscure the conceptual framework. The existence of reasonable true, or physical, degrees of freedom is rigorously defined and called local reducibility. A proof is given that any locally reducible system admits a complete set of perennials. For locally reducible systems, the most general construction of time evolution in the Schrödinger and Heisenberg form that uses only the geometry of the phase space is described. The time shifts are not required to be symmetries. A relation between perennials and observables of the Schrödinger or Heisenberg type results: such observables can be identified with certain classes of perennials and the structure of the classes depends on the time evolution. The time evolution between two non-global transversal surfaces is studied. The problem is posed and solved within the framework of ordinary quantum mechanics. The resulting non-unitarity is different from that known in field theory (Hawking effect): state norms need not be preserved so that the system can be lost during this kind of evolution.

Group quantization of parametrized systems. II. Pasting Hilbert spaces

The method of group quantization described in the preceding paper [J. Math. Phys. 36, 4612 (1995)] is extended so that it becomes applicable to some parametrized systems that do not admit a global transversal surface. A simple completely solvable toy model is studied that admits a pair of maximal transversal surfaces intersecting all orbits. The corresponding two quantum mechanics are constructed. The similarity of the canonical group actions in the classical phase spaces on the one hand and in the quantum Hilbert spaces on the other hand suggests how the two Hilbert spaces are to be pasted together. The resulting quantum theory is checked to be equivalent to that constructed directly by means of Dirac’s operator constraint method. The complete system of partial Hamiltonians for any of the two transversal surfaces is chosen and the quantum Schrödinger or Heisenberg pictures of time evolution are constructed.

On subwebs of 3-webs and subalgebras of localW k -algebras

2-dimensional subwebs of a 3-web have been investigated in [1], where it was proved that 2-subwebs are induced on transversal geodesic surfaces of a web. In the following we give a systematic investigation of the properties of 3-webs having subwebs of various dimension. Especially we prove that only the Grassmannian 3-webs have a maximal variety of subwebs. If a smooth manifold M is equipped with a 3-web structure then for every point pEM a coordinate loop can be introduced [4]. This loop multiplication defines a series of k-linear operations (k=2, 3, 4, ...) on the tangent vectorspace Te of this loop at the identity e satisfying some identities. This vectorspace Te with these operations of arity h -3) are trivial. We prove that if a 3-web W contains a subweb if" then the corresponding l~k-algebras are subalgebras of W~algebras of the original web. With help of such subalgebras we characterize isocline and Grassmannian 3-webs : W2-algebras of the first and Wz-algebras of the second are almost trivial.

Analysis of finite journal bearings with longitudinal and transversal rough surfaces

This paper represents a numerical iterative scheme for calculation of finite 360° journal bearings with longitudinal and transversal rough surfaces. A modified Christensen's Reynolds type equation is solved numerically under isothermal boundary condition. The Reynold's boundary condition assuming that the pressure and its derivative vanish near the point of location of the minimum film thickness is used in an iterative scheme to find out this location. Results of the analysis show the great influence of surface roughness on the bearing behaviour, especially when the bearing operates at its hydrodynamic limit.

The incidence of spontaneous tumors of the central nervous system of wistar rats

The brains of 396 old albino rats of the breed Wistar-AF/Han-EMD were examined for spontaneous tumors of the CNS and the following tumors were diagnosed: 1 oligodendroglioma, 1 astrocytoma, 1 mixed glioma, 1 pleomorphic glioma, and 19 meningiomas. Thus the CNS tumor rate was 5.8%. In addition 6 micromeningiomas were found. Knowledge of the spontaneous tumor rate including the tumor incidence in the CNS of the animal strains used for these examinations is a necessary condition for the evaluation of the results of cancerogenicity tests. CNS tumors deserve particular attention because during recent years it was found that certain chemical compounds like for instance N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induce organ-specific tumors in the brain of rats. It is recommended, therefore, to always include the central nervous system in the autopsy and histologic examination of animals from cancerogenicity trials. For cerebral autopsy transversal sections through the different cerebral regions and histologic examination of transversal section surfaces of all tumors and suspected tumor areas are suggested.

The Transformation T of Congruences

In a paper published in these Annals, Mr. V. G. Grove1 studies a relationship, between two congruences r and P related to each other by a transformation T. That is to say, by a correspondence, such that, corresponding lines of the congruences are not coplanar, the developables of the congruences correspond to each other, and there exist at least three transversal surfaces of each congruence whose tangent planes at their points of intersection with the line of that congruence, pass through the corresponding line of the other congruence. He finds that the transformation T is of two types. The asymptotic type is defined by (a) f = f = F = F = gO + gG = O with s = s = S = S and the conjugate type by (b) g = g = G = G = 0 where f, f, F, F, s, s etc. are the coefficients of the differential system of equations (1) of the paper of Mr. Grove, satisfied by the homogeneous projective coordinates of the focal points of the lines of the congruences, and u, v, are the parametric curves on the focal surfaces, which correspond to the developables of the congruences. In the asymptotic case, he finds that if one of the two congruences is a W congruence, the other is also a W congruence. In the conjugate type, he also considers the quadrilaterals formed by the focal points of one of the lines of a congruence, and by two points on the corresponding line of the other congruence, and obtains the following result. If any three of the sides of these quadrilaterals generate a W congruence, so does the fourth. The purpose of the present note is to show, that a transformation T of congruences is only of one type, and in this case, not only the congruences r, I are W congruences, but likewise the congruences of lines formed by the sides of the quadrilaterals above considered. In fact, according to the definition of a couple of stratifiable congruences,2 it results that two congruences related to each other by a transformation T, form a couple of stratifiable congruences with the correspondence of the developables. Let us consider the asymptotic type. According to a theorem of Fubini,2 if the developables of a couple of stratifiable congruences correspond, then the developables cut all the transversal surfaces in conjugate nets. It is easy to deduce from the equations (1), (2a), (2b), (8) of Grove's paper, that the fundamental quadratic form of a transversal surface generated by a point of a line of the congruence r for instance, is proportional to