Cargo Transshipment Research Articles

МЕТОДИКА ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ ВРЕМЕНИ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ОПЕРАЦИИ ПО ПЕРЕВАЛКЕ НАВАЛОЧНЫХ ГРУЗОВ

The process of transshipment of bulk cargo within the Eastern cargo terminal of the sea port of Novorossiysk has been considered. A method for calculating the performance of the crane group has been developed, taking into account the interaction of cordon and rear crane subgroups. The method is based on the practical process flow charts of Novorossiysk port for processing coal, cast iron and iron ore. There has been presented the designed method for calculating the coefficient of predicted performance of cargo handling for transshipping the bulk cargoes (e.g., coal, iron ore and cast iron) based on the data on performance of crane equipment, allocated resources (handling equipment and dock machine operator teams). The forecast performance ratio allows to determine whether the operation schedule is ahead or behind the standard of the process flow charts. The method of calculating the forecast time of transshipment of bulk cargoes has been offered, subject to the influence of meteorological factor on productivity of cargo operations. The formulas for calculating the estimated time of the cargo operations at all possible mutual locations on the time axis of the segments of the weather conditions and the time of the operation have been given.

Stochastic model of deteriorating cargo transshipment at port’s terminal under irregular arrival of ships

In the article the stochastic model is analyzed for deteriorating cargo transshipment taking into account the irregularity of arrived ships movement and cargo removing from warehouse with the regular surface transport. It is assumed that unloading rate of ships is given and fixed, but hold capacities of ships are randomly varying. During storage the cargo is subjected to deterioration with the given intensity. The problem of stationary probabilistic joint distribution of number of ships in terminal and quantity of cargo in warehouse is investigated. For this purpose the theory of Markov drift processes and methods of queueing theory are used. The problem of optimal value of deterioration rate is formulated and solved.

Economic evaluation on container shipping route selection

The competition between each attractive container cargo port has been increasing drastically. Every port is striving to maintain the competitive edge and provide satisfactory services. This paper will provide an economic evaluation model which corresponds to the change of transshipment cargo volume of neighbour ports in North East Asia. The model, which classifies to Route 1 and Route 2, figures out an economic evaluation of the sea route, both routes hypothesise the Busan Port as a starting point. Basing on this model, it can generate an important data for deciding sea routes and calling ports of the shipping companies. Moreover, the shipping companies could improve a more efficient route and the related government authority or operational institution of each country could figure out the threshold of feeder cargo volume through this economic method.

Comparison of port activities of the East Coast of the Baltic Sea: 1996–2016

The object of research is the performance of ports in the East Coast of the Baltic Sea for the period from 1996 to 2016. By comparing the performance of Russian ports and ports in the Baltic States, the trend of significant growth in cargo turnover in the ports of the region is revealed. The aggregate cargo turnover in the ports of Russia and the Baltic States has increased 4.5-fold over the last 20 years. An analysis of the comparative performance of all the ports of the East Coast of the Baltic Sea for 20 years has shown their growing relevance in development of economic and trade relations between the Asian and European regions. Despite a sharp increase in cargo transshipment in the newly constructed Russian ports (24 times in 20 years), the ports of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia still show positive dynamics (twice in 20 years). Contrary to the current opinion on the decrease in the role of ports in the Baltic countries, the article shows the factors of their development, including the participation of Russian capital in the construction of new terminals in the ports of Latvia and Estonia (Riga, Sillamae), and by attracting cargo from other regions (Lithuania, Klaipeda). All ports of the East Coast of the Baltic Sea Region have development of potential in expanding ties with the rapidly developing Asian region (China, India). The volumes of transit between Europe and Eurasia are constantly growing, and only in the first quarter of this year the supplies from Europe to China grew by 12 %, and from China to Europe – by 7 %, amounting to 62 billion USD and 81 billion USD respectively. An analysis of the Baltic ports is also important in connection with the development of the large and promising Belarusian project «Great Stone», of which the Chinese national logistics company is a partner and which should connect China via Belarus with the German port of Duisburg. Thus, the possibility of organizing multimodal transportation from Germany to China via the Riga port is being considered because of the limited capacity of the Polish and Slovak railways to transport Chinese goods through the Minsk logistics center «Great Stone» to Europe. In this context, the use of the Riga port with a large potential for development of the port territories can significantly strengthen its economic position, and thereby influence the growth of the Latvian economy. The following factors influence the development of transport corridors in the Baltic Sea Region in order of importance: geography, economics, politics, transport infrastructure and new technologies of logistics business. If we talk about the ports of the Baltic countries, then there is a narrowing of geographical plans due to the reorientation of cargo to Russian ports. The economy is influenced by tariff policy. The influence of politics is still great. The most optimistic is the impact of transport infrastructure.

부산항 환적화물 유치를 위한 대상 항만 선정 연구

In 2015, the total container throughput of Busan Port increased by 4.1% to 19.45 million TEU, while the throughput of transshipment cargo increased by 7.6% to 10.8 million TEU, indicating that transshipment cargo is increasing in importance in terms of both growth rate and market share. In the Northeast Asia region, mainly China, Japan, and Russia ports use Busan port as the transshipment port. Therefore, the objective of this study is to derive port of marketing for transshipment of transit port of Busan port by portfolio analysis of major port of Korea, Japan and Russia using Busan port as a transshipment port. The result indicated Tianjin, Qingdao, Dalian, and Shanghai were included as key marketing target ports for the transshipment of Busan port. Ports requiring continuous marketing are Ports in Shenzhen, Xiamen, Hakata, Nagoya, Yokohama, Ningbo, Vladivostok, Tokyo, and Osaka. As a result of the selected ports, it can be used as a marketing strategy for attracting transshipment cargoes to Busan port and as a basic data.

A Study on the Evaluation of Port Competitiveness in Busan Port and Shanghai Port

This study seeks the strategy alternatives for continuous port competitiveness of Busan port improvement in rapidly changing of environment in Northeast Asia shipping. This study aims: 1) to compare port competitiveness of Busan and Shanghai port using entropy weigh TOPSIS; 2) to seek ways to improve port competitiveness of Busan port. After searching the related criteria on port competitiveness factors for analysis, the main criteria are divided into two categories: port throughput (port throughput, throughput change rate, and transshipment cargo volume and transshipment cargo rate), port facilities (depth, the number of C/C, berth length, the number of berth, total area, storage area) criteria of Busan and Shanghai port. The empirical results indicate that Shanghai port is more competitive than Busan port in total competitiveness and port throughput criteria, and Busan port is more competitive than Shanghai port in port facilities criteria.

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF DOCK OF BORDER STATIONS

The purpose aims to improve technology service flows wagons reloading at border stations by selecting rational cost and time parameters. The object of the study are shifting fronts railway border stations; subject of research - technology services to various flows wagons at border transshipment stations. Research methods accepted methods phases and vector optimization. The result is analytical evaluation last known methods and techniques of optimization of border stations, indicating the lack of a comprehensive approach to improving the technology of international transport of goods in terms of financial capacity cargo. It is therefore proposed rational technology that takes into account the mutual dependence of criteria optimization as time and cost, as well as their dependence on the structure and volume of international flows wagons. The formalization of the process of reloading wagons one gauge to the other cars performed in the following manner. The process overload cars broken into several phases, and each phase is associated with a set of technological operations. The number and duration of these operations depends on the mode of implementation of this phase. Quantifying operational costs of the cargo handling operations on technological phases was considered an example overload of metals and metal cars 1435 mm gauge wagons 1520 mm. The result was built a graph of spending of time-consuming analysis which allows to make a decision on choosing efficient technology overload of cargo transshipment at border stations. Scientific novelty is the theoretical justification service processes flows wagons reloading at border stations. This formalized and solved using methods of vector optimization problem to determine rational parameters of flows wagons service stations joining lines of different widths, thereby improving system performance parameters of the station during cargo handling performance. The mathematical model for the study and improvement of cargo handling processes that can solve the problem of rational use of financial resources and technical means downloading.

컨테이너 항만경쟁력 결정요인 분석

Abstract The aim of this study is to analysis factors that determine the competitiveness of container ports using the KJ and AHP methods. For this, 54 detailed attributing factors were identified both by previous studies and port users. 24 attributing factors were identified by a group of port experts. also, These were grouped 18 detailed attributing factors into 6 attributing factors by a group of port experts using the KJ method. These were made into a model of hierarchical structure with 3 levels, taking 1 goal factor, 6 evaluation factors and 18 detailed evaluation factors. The collected date of questionnaires were analyzed by a group of port experts using the AHP method. The analysis result of the evaluation factors in container port shows that port cargo volume is the most important factor, followed by port location, port cost, port service, port facility and port management. The analysis results of detailed evaluation factors in container port shows that import and export cargo volume is the most important factor, followed by transshipment cargo volume, distance from main trunk, cargo handling cost, distance from the point of importing and exporting, speediness of cargo handling, stability of cargo handling, vessel/cargo cost in port entry and leaving, punctuality in port entry and leaving, number and length of berth, collateral service cost, terminal area, hinterland accessibility, ability of terminal operation company, front depth of berth, etc.Key words : AHP, Determinations Factors, KJ, Port Container Port CompetitivenessCorresponding author : 051-410-2055, whiterih@naver.com

Liner services network design and fleet deployment with empty container repositioning

Transportation demand of shipping container fluctuates due to the seasonality of international trade, thus, every 3–6months, the liner company has to alter its current liner shipping service network, redeploy ships and design cargo routes with the objective of minimizing the total cost. To solve the problem, the paper presents a mixed integer linear program model. The proposed model incorporates several relevant constraints, such as weekly frequency, the transshipment of cargo between two or more service routes, and transport time. Extensive numerical experiments based on realistic date of Asia–Europe–Oceania shipping operations show that the proposed model can solve real-case problems efficiently by CPLEX. The results demonstrate that the model can reduce ship’s capacity consumption and raise ships’ capacity utilization.

A Study on improving the Performance of Transshipment Cargo System at the Port of Busan

This study will examine the consolidation that is occurring in the shipping industry and its effects on Busan`s status as a key transshipment hub in Southeast Asia as well as what measures the port must implement to attract transshipment traffic. With this in mind heading forward, trends in transshipment cargo, problems facing the port, as well as the current status of transshipment volumes at the Port of Busan must be fully understood so that thorough research can be done into appropriate measures to stimulate growth and attract cargo traffic. In this study, We analyze the current problems and status of transshipment cargo at Busan Port and factors affecting the competitiveness of transshipment cargo at Busan New Port, Korea`s key import/export gateway, have been examined. We show the Strategies to Attract Transshipment Cargo at the Busan New Port which is to become a an optimal transshipment port, a port`s internal environment including the scale and location of its hinterland, facilities and tariffs as well as the external environment including global networks and logistics IT management must be carefully considered as they are all key actors affecting cargo volumes.

Estação de Transbordo de Cargas como Mediador da Logística de Fertilizantes

Para atender o competitivo mercado mundial dos alimentos, as empresas do agronegócio brasileiro têm alargado as fronteiras agrícolas para regiões cada vez mais distantes das áreas de consumo, o que faz da logística, imprescindível. Nesse sentido, este artigo teve como objetivo verificar a importância das estações de transbordos de cargas como variável mediadora entre a gestão integrada da logística e seu desempenho em empresas brasileiras do ramo de fertilizantes de origem mineral. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva em que, para coletar dados, utilizou-se de questionários semiestruturados aplicados junto a gestores de logística. Foram obtidas 89 respostas. Os dados foram submetidos à modelagem em equações estruturais, o PLS-PM, em nível de significância estatística (α ≤ 0,05), revelou que as estações de transbordos de cargas medeiam parcialmente a relação entre gestão integrada da logística de fertilizantes e seu desempenho. O resultado obtido mostrou a aderência do modelo teórico estabelecido e evidências de que a utilização das estações de transbordos de cargas de fertilizantes como fator mediador pleno, ainda, tem um longo caminho a ser percorrido.

A Study on Marketing Strategy of Busan Port for Attraction of the Transshipment Cargo in North China

A Study on Marketing Strategy of Busan Port for Attraction of the Transshipment Cargo in North China

Method of equilibrium solution finding for port’s operators in competitive environment of oligopoly type

In the article, a theoretical approach is proposed for development of competitive strategies of ports terminals (OPT) at local market of stevedoring services. The aim of research is development of method for equilibrium solution which is based on synthesis of microeconomics (theory of firm) and operations research methods (transportation type problems). Such approach allows give to OPT the concrete quantitative and qualitative recommendations for cargo flows attraction under competition of oligopoly type taking into account the co-operation with the transportation companies. These recommendations are connected with discounts of OPT from basic tariffs for transshipment. Formally these discounts are taking into account as coefficients of corresponding objective functions (total profit of OPT and transport companies) with the help of so-called demand functions. It is supposed that demand function for cargo transshipment at each port’s terminal depends linearly on total cargo flow of all port terminals. The Cournot equilibrium cargo flows’ distribution among ports terminals is found in evident form. The Stackelberg equilibrium solution is analyzed, as well. Some other market’s structures for ports operators are considered. The results of research may be used in managerial practice of the ports operators when developing by them the competitive strategies at local market of stevedoring service.

Ensuring a coordinated cargo transshipment process management in general transport hubs

Developing the proposed approach to the transport hub management is initiated by the fact that during the second half of the last century proponents of classical management theory focused on building economic-mathematical models of cargo transshipment management in terms of well-developed mathematical disciplines. In the beginning of this century, scientists have shifted to approaches to the transport hub management organization, proposed by Western European scientists, based on modern theories of business conduct.In this paper, an original approach to ensuring the coordinated transport hub management, based on combining the methodology of classical science of optimal management and constructive ideas, new progressive concepts of business conduct in conjunction with the social management theory was proposed.It was found that the proposed approach should be realized in two stages: first it is necessary to coordinate cargo transshipment process parameters, and then ensure optimal implementation of this process.The provisions set forth in the paper have theoretical significance since they are characterized by scientific novelty and are useful in practical terms as they improve operation efficiency both of transport hubs, and their customers.

Evaluating Competitiveness of Transshipment Cargo in Major Airports in Northeast Asia: Airport Branding

This study aims to provide strategies to improve the competitiveness of transshipment cargo airports in the Northeast Asian region; using conjoint analysis, it focuses on strategies of brand equity. In addition, it calculates the brand equity of three main airports and identifies the importance of brand as a competitive factor for transshipment cargo airports in Northeast Asia. In the results of the competitiveness analysis, in terms of attracting transshipment cargoes, Incheon, Narita, and Pudong airports showed market shares of approximately 44%, 29%, and 27%, respectively. To examine the effects of airport brand on the attraction of transshipment cargoes, the optimum combinations of the attributes were used. The portions of the total utility provided by the optimum combination accounted for by brand were 26.26% in the case of Incheon International Airport, 16.18% for Pudong airport, and 39.56% for Narita airport.

Container transshipment and port competition

The purpose of this paper is to study container port competition for transshipment cargo in duopoly market. We develop the linear container handling demand function which incorporates transshipment traffic, and apply a non-cooperative two-stage game to a vertical-structure seaport market with ports as upstream players and shipping lines as downstream players. The drivers behind port competition are explained through existence of the unique Nash equilibrium which incorporates shipping lines’ port call decisions and ports’ pricing strategies. A port collusion model and social optimum model are then analysed for further insights, and a numerical simulation is conducted to demonstrate the results.

An Analysis for the Throughput of the Chinese Transshipment Cargo in Busan Port

An Analysis for the Throughput of the Chinese Transshipment Cargo in Busan Port

An Empirical Study on Competitiveness of Busan Port on Attracting Transshipment Cargo

An Empirical Study on Competitiveness of Busan Port on Attracting Transshipment Cargo

A consideration for developing a dry port system in Indochina area

Dry ports are intermodal transport hubs in the inland, which operate as centres for the transshipment of sea cargo to inland destinations. They could make the import and export easier and increase trade. This paper considers conditions to construct them in the Indochina area including three countries Vietnam, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) and Cambodia. Accordingly, the general characteristics of dry ports and the conditions to develop them are reviewed. Transportation systems in the Indochina area are then analysed. Consequently, a suggested dry port system is presented, which promises to bring many benefits for the Indochina region. Finally, some conclusions and suggestions are presented.

Analysis of Distribution Channels and Portfolio between the Port of Busan and Major Japanese Ports to Induce the Transshipment Cargo

Analysis of Distribution Channels and Portfolio between the Port of Busan and Major Japanese Ports to Induce the Transshipment Cargo