Transportation System In China Research Articles

Energy Flow Analysis of China 2050 Pathways Energy Calculator with Special Emphasis on Transportation

Abstract Energy optimisation and CO2 emission reduction cannot be achieved without a holistic analysis of transportation. This research performs a critical analysis of the China 2050 Pathways Calculator with emphasis on its ability to assess long-term energy optimisation and sustainability of the energy-dependent transport sector. It focuses on the structure, methods, assumptions and the energy mix, with emphasis on its application to the transportation system in China. Employing a hybrid energy flow- and meta-analysis, the paper holistically aims to find the relative quantitative importance of mitigation options in each set indicators available for energy optimisation in transport pathways. It compares the combined energy flows (input/output) data and assumptions by applying the formula Pw=kTI to identify the number of pathways (including energy-mix) available in the transport stream of the Calculator – holding all other sectors and their trajectories at default where k=1. Initial results indicate that there are 262,144 ways for selecting transport pathways alone. The framework of analysis and implicit normative assumption determine the focus of mitigating options, in terms of both descriptive emphasis and qualitative evaluation. The usefulness of predicting future energy-mix transformation for all energy-dependent sectors of an economy cannot be overemphasised. However, the huge data set needed and time required to gather such data, if available, to build the model creates too much room for assumptions that could mar the credibility of the outcomes. This research considers the cost involved to build such an integrated model to be a “turn-off” for most policy makers to start such an endeavour. Stemming from the lapses identified in the China 2050 Pathways Calculator, this paper suggests that considerable refinement should be made to the various assumptions in the trajectories to reflect achievable energy/climate change targets by 2050. Also, policymakers should develop an affinity for patience and be committed financially in the search for improved scientific solutions toward energy optimisation and GHG emission reduction.

Resource reallocation and target setting for improving environmental performance of DMUs: An application to regional highway transportation systems in China

In managerial decisions, situations frequently occur when the decision makers need to allocate/reallocate limited resources among a group of decision making units (DMUs) to improve the efficiencies of the DMUs and make better utilization of the limited resources. In this paper, we propose a resource reallocation and target setting approach for improving the environmental performance of the DMUs based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). Firstly, a model is given to identify the best revenue for each DMU in the resource reallocation and target setting process, and the concept of satisfaction degree of a DMU toward a resource allocation and target setting result is introduced. Then, under a DEA common-weight evaluation framework, a centralized resource allocation and target setting model is proposed for reallocating the DMUs’ discretionary inputs and setting output targets for the DMUs. Our approach can obtain for the DMUs a resource reallocation and target setting result which can not only guarantee that all the adjusted DMUs will be environment efficient in the new production period but also maximizes the minimum satisfaction degree among all the DMUs. Finally, the proposed approach is used for an empirical study of resource allocation and target setting for 30 regional highway transportation systems in China.

Developmental pattern and international cooperation on intelligent transport system in China

Transport plays a key role in our lives, transforms our outlook and has a massive impact on social and economic development. In addition, emerging of the technologies are also associated with the social and economic development. Accordingly, Intelligent Transport System (ITS) has evolved with Chinese social and economic transformation. In the 1990s, China started a large-scale construction of road infrastructure, and ITS was considered as a futuristic and expensive tool box. It was crucial for Chinese government to identify when and how to integrate new technologies into transportation systems and to formulate an appropriate development strategy, especially with ITS. Through more than 20 years development, Chinese ITS has gained remarkable achievements. This paper will firstly review the policy, strategy and experience of ITS development and deployment in China, then its import as well as the international cooperation and cases will be illustrated, and finally conclusions and experience will be presented, in particular to other developing countries, on ITS development.

Environmental efficiency and energy consumption of highway transportation systems in China

With the rapid development of the Chinese economy and urbanization process, an increasingly large urban transport system has led to increasingly serious resource and environmental problems in China. We combined the super-efficiency slack-based measure model, including undesirable outputs, with the window data envelopment analysis model, which managed panel data, to calculate the environmental efficiencies of highway transportation systems in regions of China. This measured the level of sustainable development in China’s highway transportation systems. Furthermore, we calculated the consumption redundancy of gasoline and diesel, and the excess emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. We analyzed the correlativity among environmental efficiency, nitrogen oxide efficiency, and particulate matter efficiency to research the state of energy consumption and atmospheric pollution on the highway transportation systems in China. The results showed that the overall level of environmental efficiency of highway transportation systems in China was not optimal, with great differences between regions. Most regions had problems with excessive energy consumption and motor vehicle pollution. The Chinese government needs to control both energy consumption and pollutant emissions to manage the environmental problem of atmospheric pollution.

Measuring energy and environmental efficiency of transportation systems in China based on a parallel DEA approach

Because of China’s rapid economic development, its transportation system has become one of China’s high-energy-consumption and high-pollution-emission sectors. However, little research has been done which pays close attention to China’s transportation system, especially in terms of energy and environmental efficiency evaluation. In this paper, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is applied to measure the energy and environment performance of transportation systems in China with the goal of sustainable development. This paper treats transportation as a parallel system consisting of subsystems for passenger transportation and freight transportation, and extends a parallel DEA approach to evaluate the efficiency of each subsystem. An efficiency decomposition procedure is proposed to obtain the highest achievable subsystem efficiency. Our empirical study on 30 of mainland China’s provincial-level regions shows that most of them have a low efficiency in their transportation system and the two parallel subsystems. There are large efficiency differences between the passenger and freight transportation subsystems. In addition, unbalanced development has occurred in the three large areas of China, with the east having the highest efficiency, followed by central China and then west. Therefore, more measures should be taken to balance and coordinate the development between the three large areas and between the two subsystems within them. Our analysis approach gives data for determining effective measures.

The Feasibility of Sputum Transportation System in China: Effect of Sputum Storage on the Mycobacterial Detection

Sputum transportation from county-level to prefecture-level is an ideal strategy to cover the shortage of the laboratory capability in the resource-poor setting. Here, we firstly evaluated the feasibility of sputum transportation system in China by analyzing the culture and molecular diagnosis results from 1982 smear-positive patients with different delay in processing for culture. In this study, the total contamination rate was 2.32% and the total smear positive/culture negative (S+/C-) rate was 7.57%. We found that sputum specimens refrigerated for no more than 7 d before mycobacterial detection did not affect culture significantly. In addition, the invalid result rates among 0-3 d, 3-7 d, and 7+ d group were 3.63%, 3.14%, and 12.48%, respectively. Statistic analysis revealed that molecular diagnostic results while the invalid result rate of genechip for the specimen with more than 7 d delay was significantly higher (P<0.001). The refrigerators equipped in county laboratories, transport at low temperature and frequent transport services once a week will ensure the feasibility of sputum transportation system in China.

Current Situation and Thoughts on the Cultivation of Undergraduate Urban Rail Transit Talents in China

Construction of the urban rail transport system in China is witnessing a fast-developing period. This industry needs a large number of special talents in the area of design, construction, equipment manufacturing and operation management. Over recent years, some Chinese universities have launched mass transit programs in response to the growing demand of the rail transport market. In this paper a study is made on the cultivation level and orientation of rail transit talents at China’s universities, with the existing problems analyzed, summarized and the solutions presented.

Extended exergy based ecological accounting for the transportation sector in China

Extended exergy appears to be the only currently available second-law based and unified metric for ecological accounting, and it represents an effective measure of the technical, social and environmental impacts associated with the general “operation” of a complex society. The method of analysis is called Extended Exergy Accounting (EEA), and it was used in this study to assess the primary resource-based ecological cost of material and energy resources, human labor, capital contributions, and environmental impact of the transportation system in China on a 2008 database. Sub-sector distribution analyses are presented for the extended exergy cost by considering four modes of transportation (highways-i.c.e. powered, railways, waterways and civil aviation). A chemical exergy accounting of the cumulatively emitted CO, NOx and SO2 was applied as a preliminary step required by EEA to assess the overall ecological impact of waste gas emissions by calculating an “exergetic avoidance cost”. The results showed that natural input represents the largest portion of the extended exergy depletion in transportation sector (TR-sector), and highways require the highest extended exergy investment among the considered modes. In the conclusions, a few pertinent recommendations based on our results are put forth, to increase the understanding of technical-social-ecological energy depletion, to promote the operational efficiency in transport system, and to indicate the limits of current waste gas emission reduction measures, thus providing a holistic method and a systematic view and thus help decision makers to devise policies for a less unsustainable development and for a more rational environmental management.

Enterprise Coordination Transport Analysis

It starts at co-operation problem between different transportation enterprises, and sets up the Coordination Transportation concept with its management and administration model based on geography information system technology. Then it analyses and points out that its solution to shortest path may have the aid of intellect algorithm. Finally it studies and analyses the measurements during Coordination Transportation between deferent transportation enterprises. Coordination Transportation will help improve the style of transportation, and it will also help set up comprehensive transportation system in China.

Toward Transit Metropolis: Status Quo Analysis for Chinese Major Cities

In order to promote low-carbon transport, “The 12th five-year Transport Development Planning” released by the Ministry of Transport (MoT) of P. R. China in 2011, indicates that MoT will provide significant funds to support 30 cities to build “The Transit Metropolis” before 2015. In order to support the “Transit Metropolis” project, the authors led great efforts on collecting statistic and economy data, geography and population data, transportation infrastructure and operation data, transit passenger degree of satisfaction data, etc. Based on all the ground information, this paper assessed the status of urban public transit in China, and analyzed the factors that affect the public transit development. It is found that the relationship between the transit mode share and the GDP per capita follows a “flash” shape and can be divided into three phases. With the growth of GDP, the trend of the transit mode share typically goes “up-down-up” due to the different stages of economy level, car ownership and investment on transit system. Based on the analysis and discussion, some suggestions are provided to develop a hierarchical multi-modal transit system with smooth transfers and good coverage to mitigate traffic congestion and improve the sustainability of urban transportation system in China.

Research of Intelligent Traffic Management System

With the growing economic level and the continuous development of information network technology, as well as the continuous improvement of people's living standards, transportation demand gradually increased. Due to the current transportation system in China has been facing the problem of traffic congestion and inefficient, and cause serious pollution and energy shortages, and intelligent traffic management system is the key to solve these problems, the modern information network technology and transportation combined. This article gives a brief introduction to the development and study of the status quo of China's intelligent transportation management system, intelligent traffic management system architecture of CORBA and CORBA, and described the implementation of an intelligent traffic management system based on CORBA.

Modelling the transport system in China and evaluating the current strategies towards the sustainable transport development

Transport is one of the most challenge sectors when addressing energy security and climate change due to its high reliance on oil products and lack of the alternative fuels. This paper explores the ability of three transport strategies to contribute to the development of a sustainable transport in China. With this purpose in mind, a Chinese transport model has been created and three current transport strategies which are high speed railway (HSR), urban rail transit (URT) and electric vehicle (EV) were evaluated together with a reference transport system in 2020. As conservative results, 13% of the energy saving and 12% of the CO2 emission reduction can be attained by accomplishing three strategies compared with the reference transport system. However, the energy demand of transport in 2020 with the implementation of three strategies will be about 1.7 times as much as today. The three strategies show the potential of drawing the transport demand to the more energy efficient vehicles; however, more initiatives are needed if the sustainable transport is the long term objective, such as the solutions to stabilise the private vehicle demands, to continuously improve the vehicle efficiency and to boost the alternative fuels produced from the renewable energy sources.

Environmental efficiency analysis of transportation system in China: A non-radial DEA approach

Many countries are worried about reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution while increasing the productivity and efficiency of their industries. This study intends to contribute to the literature by proposing a non-radial DEA model with the slacks-based measure (SBM) to analyze the environmental efficiency of China's transportation sector. The results show that most of the provinces in China do not have an eco-efficient transportation industry. The environmental efficiency levels in most of the provinces are lower than 50% of the ideal or target level. Therefore, China's transportation industry is environmentally very inefficient. China can reduce a great deal of carbon emissions in each province ranging from at least 1.6 million TOEs in Qinghai and at most 33 million TOEs in Guangdong and Shanghai.

Low-carbon scenario analysis on urban transport of one metropolitan in China in 2020

Purpose: This paper discussed possible ways of implementing effective energy conservation and GHG emission reduction measures by providing: the forecasts of mid-to-long term citywide carbon emission rate; and the analysis of potential low-carbon transport solutions. Design/methodology/approach: According to the characteristics of the transport system in China, based on the review and application analysis of existing transport energy and GHG emission calculation models, the comprehensive carbon emission calculation model established. Existing data were utilized with regression analysis to project the prospective traffic data in the baseline scenario at the target year of 2020 to calculate the emission amount. Four low-carbon scenarios were set in accordance with the goal of “low carbon transportation, green trip”, and the effectiveness of each low-carbon scenario was evaluated by comparing them with the baseline scenario in terms of the respective GHG emission rate. Findings: Under the current developing trend in policy environment and technical specifications, the total projected GHG (CO2) emissions from transport sector in 2020 of the city will reach 30.085 million ton CO2; private-vehicles are the major contributor among all transport modes at 16.89 million ton CO2. Practical implications: Limiting the growth in private-vehicle ownership, reducing the frequency of mid-to-long range travel and the average trip distance, and prompting the public transit oriented policies are all possible solutions to reduce carbon emission. The most effective practice involves a shift in public travel behavior. Originality/value: This paper presents a method to forecast the mid-to-long term city-wide carbon emission rate; and provides some potential low-carbon transport solutions

Overview of Intelligent Railway Transportation Systems in China

Abstract As the intelligent railway is the trend of current railway development, the paper aims to show an overview of the Railway Intelligent Transportation System (RTI'S) in China. Firstly, the current transportation situation in China is given and then some basic concepts of RTI'S are talked about as well. Secondly, the necessity of RTI'S is analyzed to show its strategic position. Then, the overall architecture of RTI'S is introduced here to make a clear picture of RTI'S and how it works. Finally, apart from key technologies in RTI'S, its sustainable strategies are mentioned to show the future development of RTI'S.

Design and Research of Sand Scraping Mechanism of a New Railway Sand Removal Vehicle

Railway plays an important role in transportation system in China or many other countries. In order to solve the problem of cleaning sand-covered railway in western areas of China emergently, a new railway sand removal vehicle is studying, and as the most important mechanism, the sand scraping mechanism affects entire efficiency and even determines the success or not of the whole vehicle, therefore, structures of the mechanism were designed and further studied by using UG and ANSYS software.

Developments and plans of intercity transportation system in China

Developments and plans of intercity transportation system in China

Land Use and Transport in China

Perhaps no developing country better represents the challenges and opportunities posed by the forces of urbanization in this century than China. The country is undergoing a major demographic transition of rapid and intense urbanization. This issue of the Journal of Transport and Land Use offers a snapshot of the interactions between land use and transportation systems in China at three different scales of analysis.

Exergy-based assessment for waste gas emissions from Chinese transportation

As an effective measure for environmental impact associated with the waste emissions, exergy is used to unify the assessment of the waste gases of CO, NO x , and SO 2 emitted from fossil fuel consumption by the transportation system in China. An index of emission exergy intensity defined as the ratio of the total chemical exergy of the emissions and the total converted turnover of the transportation is proposed to quantify the environmental impact per unit of traffic service. Time series analyses are presented for the emission exergy and emission exergy intensity of the whole Chinese transportation as well as for its four sectors of highways, railways, waterways and civil aviation from 1978 to 2004. For the increasing emission exergy with CO taking the largest share, the highways sector was the major contributor, while the railways sector initially standing as the second main contributor developed into the least after 1995. The temporal and structural variations of the emissions are illustrated against the transition of the transportation system in a socio-economic perspective, with emphasis on policy-making implications.

Intelligent transportation systems in China [Guest Editorial

The five articles in this special issue focus on the promising research in intelligent transportation systems being conducted in China.