Transportation Of Solid Waste Research Articles

Analisis Produktivitas Alat Berat dalam Pengelolaan Sampah di Kecamatan Sukarami Kota Palembang

In Indonesia, solid waste has become a problem for municipalities, which could result in hygienic and aesthetically unpleasant issues. The high rate of population growth will have an impact on waste generation since it will change the needs and lifestyles of city dwellers. The collection, transportation, and final disposal of urban solid waste (TPA) require suitable facilities and infrastructure, particularly hefty equipment. Heavy equipment, specifically waste trucks, and heavy digging equipment, plays a significant part in supporting waste management activities. In particular, the Palembang City region is covered in this study's discussion of the productivity of heavy machinery used in waste management, which might begin with the collecting system, transportation system, and heavy equipment employed at the landfill. The study was conducted in Palembang City's Sukarami District, and data was collected by surveying and observing the current condition of the heavy equipment that was already in place, namely in terms of cycle time variables and the volume of waste that was served. The findings of the study indicate that direct communal and direct individual patterns characterize the region's waste-collecting practices. Dump trucks, which are used to transport waste, had a productivity range of 609.98 to 1266.13 kilograms per hour, while bulldozers and excavators had a range of 759.42 to 1166.17 kilograms per hour. This heavy equipment repair recommendation is targeted at bulldozers and excavators since a field investigation reveals that there are now only 2 pieces of bulldozer heavy equipment and 1 unit of excavator heavy equipment available.

Assessing the current status, classification, collection, and transportation of domestic solid waste in Hai Hau district, Nam Dinh province

The article presents the current status, classification, collection, and transportation of domestic solid waste in Hai Hau district, Nam Dinh province. The research results show that the volume of domestic solid waste generated in Hai Hau district, Nam Dinh province is 147.468 tons/day and the average generation coefficient is 0.53 kg/person/day. The main source of waste generation is the daily activities of households, markets, and commercial centres... The composition of domestic solid waste includes organic matter (about 74.64%), recyclable inorganic matter (about 14.32%), non-recyclable inorganic matter (about 10.36%), and a small amount of hazardous solid waste (about 0.68%). Regarding the classification of domestic solid waste at source, people are aware and have classified it themselves but still do not fully understand the meaning and benefit of classifying solid waste at source. Regarding collection and transportation, people actively participate in the environmental cleaning programs, apply solutions to minimise domestic solid waste, and coordinate with the unit in charge of collecting and transporting domestic solid waste. The amount of domestic solid waste generated by 2030 is forecasted to be 156,144 tons/day, equivalent to 56,992.62 tons/year.

Assessment of the Status of the Existing Solid Waste Collection, Transportation Disposal and Treatment Practices in Soroti District, Uganda

Municipal solid waste management has emerged as a significant concern in numerous regions, particularly with the escalating volume of waste generated daily due to population growth. This environmental issue is particularly acute in developing economies like Uganda. Consequently, a study was undertaken to assess the state of existing practices regarding solid waste collection, transportation, disposal, and treatment in Soroti District. Employing a cross-sectional survey design, data was gathered from 314 individuals, including employees, councilors, traders, and household members. Questionnaires, interviews, and observations were utilized for data collection, with informants selected through simple random and purposeful approaches. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was employed to analyze the data and formulate frequency percentage tables. The investigation revealed a myriad of challenges concerning solid waste management planning and organization. In Soroti Municipality, various methods are employed for collecting, transporting, and disposing of solid waste in designated sites. The study determined that private individuals and businesses operating within the municipality are primarily responsible for solid waste disposal, typically utilizing bags for collection. However, these methods were found to be largely inadequate in addressing current challenges, underscoring the necessity for improved and innovative waste management and monitoring strategies in Soroti, Uganda. Such measures are crucial for preventing disease outbreaks and associated public health issues. Keywords: Soroti Municipality, Solid waste, Population, Transportation, Disposal, Collection.

A comparative study on the selection of the most suitable route for the collection and transportation of municipal solid waste

Worldwide, approximately US$410 billion is spent annually on the management of four billion tons of domestic solid waste (MSW). The transportation cost alone accounts for more than 50% of the total expenditure on solid waste management. This cost constitutes approximately 85% of the collection and transportation cost. 54.4% of environmental protection expenditures cover waste services. The population of the Barış neighborhood in the Kayapınar district of Diyarbakır, which is the subject of this study, is 23 581 according to the 2020 TUIK data. The average amount of waste produced per person in a month is 7.6 kg/person. In the results of these statistics, it has been seen that the investment costs in the transportation of wastes are increasing day by day. In this study, the performance of ant colony and genetic algorithms, which are among the artificial intelligence techniques, and route optimization using GIS (geographic information system) software were tried to be achieved to solve the GSP (traveling salesman problem), which is included in the route planning problems. The results of the study showed that savings were achieved with an improvement of 15.1576% in GIS, 29.8104% in GA (Genetic algorithm) and 40.5171% in ACS (Ant Colony System) compared to real life. As a result of the application, it has been observed that the ant colony algorithm is superior to the Genetic algorithm and GIS, as it draws a shorter route in terms of distance and obtains a better result in terms of improvement rate.

Applying Digital Communication and GIS for Community Planning and Development, Duhok as a Case Study

Nowadays GIS is widely used in community planning and development and digital communication is taking a wide scope particularly in delivering different massages and ideas that can be useful in enabling community and planning. This study attempted to use the potential power of both tools by engaging young persons to express their voices and perspectives so as contribute to planning and developing their community. Thirty middle and high school and university students were trained in use of photovoice and digital storytelling to depict their living environment and highlight issues of concern regarding the urban/living environment with the hope of bringing them to the attention of the local decision-makers so as to address them as public issues that require immediate consideration. This initiative which meanwhile aimed to promote participation of young people under 18 years in community development resulted in identifying a number of urban/living environment issues which are a public concern. On top of the issues identified were the poor management of (solid) waste and poor transportation system/structure which have led to a combination of environmental pollutions with multiple impacts on the residents. The produced photovoices, digital stories and GIS maps proved to be efficient means for sharing public issues with the wider audience using social media especially Facebook.

Optimizing municipal solid waste collection vehicle routing with a priority on infectious waste in a mountainous city landscape context

The growth of the economy, urban sprawl, and population expansion precipitate a substantial increase in solid waste generation, particularly in vital regions like the capital area and economically significant cities, including renowned tourist destinations. Furthermore, the protracted spread of the COVID-19 virus has led to a notable increase in the quantity of infectious waste. In this regard, the safe and effective management of municipal solid waste (MSW) collection and transportation emerges as a major concern in MSW management. This paper aims to determine routes for waste collection, both infectious and noninfectious, from waste collection points to diverse waste disposal sites in the mountainous Khao Kho district of Phetchabun province, located in northern Thailand, with the objective of minimizing total fuel consumption and service time. Fuel consumption is contingent upon both the distance traveled and the prevailing condition of the road. The road condition exerts an influence on the vehicle's speed, thereby directly impacting fuel efficiency. In the context of service time, priority is assigned to collection points with substantial quantities of infectious waste, given the imperative to promptly dispose of such waste to mitigate the risk of transmission. In this paper, a mixed-integer programming model and three modified differential evolution (MDE) algorithms were developed to solve the problem. The computational results reveal that the MDE outperformed the traditional DE and is effective for the MSW transportation management system.

Gambaran pengelolaan sampah padat pada pedagang di pasar Karuwisi kota Makassar

Waste is an object, whether solid or liquid, that is no longer used and is simply thrown away by the owner. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), waste is something that is no longer wanted, not used, not liked or something that is thrown away that comes from human activities and does not occur by itself. The volume of waste generation in Indonesia in 2022 will reach 19.45 million tons. This figure decreased by 37.52% from 2021 to 31.13 million tons. Aim to determine the sorting, collection, and transportation of solid waste by traders. The type of research is descriptive research. The population and research sample were all 79 traders in the Karuwisi market. Sampling used a total sampling technique with a sample size of 79 traders. Data was collected using interview and observation methods using questionnaires and observation sheets. More people did not meet the requirements for waste sorting, namely 40 people (50.6%) than those who met the requirements. There were more people collecting waste who did not meet the requirements, namely 47 people (59.5%) than those who did, while all waste transporters met the requirements, namely 79 people (100%). The management of solid waste among traders in the Karuwisi market in Makassar City still does not meet the requirements, most traders do not sort waste, most traders also do not collect waste, and the transportation of waste at the Karuwisi market is very good, the tools used to collect it trash like dump trucks. It is recommended that traders at the Karuwisi market sort waste and collect waste according to its type.

Household solid waste management systems in Ukraine taking into account European experience

The article defines that the solid household waste management system is a complex of organizational, technical, economic and social measures aimed at effective collection, sorting, transportation, utilization and processing of solid household waste. An effective solid waste management system helps to ensure sustainable development, reduce the negative impact on the environment and promotes the use of waste as a resource for new products or energy. The article presents the experience of Germany, Sweden and Poland in the field of solid waste management. The peculiarities of such management are described for each of the countries. It has been established that the organization of the solid household waste management system in European countries differs in a number of features, which are determined by environmental standards, social values and strategies of sustainable development, which are aimed at solving problems related to the generation, storage, processing and utilization of waste. We propose directions for improving the solid waste management system in Ukraine, namely: development and implementation of sorting systems in households (will allow more efficient use of resources and ensure their further processing); introduction of extended producer responsibility; increasing the number and development of modern facilities for the processing and secondary processing of solid household waste; attraction of investments for the introduction of the latest technologies in the processing of solid household waste; implementation of effective incentive systems for enterprises engaged in secondary processing of solid household waste; implementation of modern technologies for tracking the volume of solid household waste, its composition and transportation routes; creation of digital platforms for information exchange between waste management, enterprises and citizens; development of programs and educational activities to increase environmental awareness of the community and their active participation in the solid waste management system; revision and improvement of legislation to meet modern environmental requirements; introduction of effective fines and incentives for enterprises and citizens that comply with or violate solid waste management requirements. Improving the solid waste management system in Ukraine can be achieved with the participation of state bodies, the business sector and the public, relying on the best experience of the European Union and other countries.

Current Methods and Challenges of Managing Clinical Solid Waste at Juba Teaching Hospital, South Sudan

The amount of clinical solid waste generated at Juba Teaching Hospital has been increasing as a result of the increasing population of Juba city. Despite the increase in the amounts of clinical solid waste, few scientific studies were conducted and the studies focused only on municipal solid waste management and have not explored clinical solid waste management in Juba City. A survey study aimed to explore the current methods and challenges of clinical solid waste management (CSWM) at Juba Teaching Hospital was conducted. The data was obtained through questionnaires, observation and oral interview. Word-excel-2013 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) IBM – 2021 version were used to process the data. The results revealed inappropriate methods of clinical solid waste management practices such as irregular collection, mixing different types of solid wastes together, use of water bottles instead of safety boxes for segregation of sharps, manual transportation of solid wastes, unprotected storage site, irregular incineration, open burning and random dumping. Reasons such as insufficient equipment, negligence of hospital administrators and few numbers of waste collectors was attributed to the inappropriate management of clinical solid waste in the hospital. The study recommended adoption of recycling strategies, employment of more waste handlers, commensurate remuneration and motivation, provision of enough equipment, creation of staff awareness and capacity development on health implications of poor clinical solid waste management.

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION ROUTING OPTIMIZATION BASED ON IAC-SFLA

In order to realize the efficient collection and low-carbon transport of municipal garbage and accelerate the realize the “dual-carbon” goal for urban transport system, based on the modeling and solving method of vehicle routing problem, the municipal solid waste (MSW) collection and transport routing optimization of an Improved Ant Colony-Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (IAC-SFLA) is proposed. In this study, IAC-SFLA routing Optimization model with the goal of optimization collection distance, average loading rate, number of collections, and average number of stations is constructed. Based on the example data of garbage collection and transport in southern Baohe District, the comparative analysis with single-vehicle models, multiple-vehicle models, and basic ant colony algorithms. The multi-vehicle model of collection and transportation is superior to the single-vehicle model and the improved ant colony algorithm yields a total collection distance that is 19.76 km shorter and an average loading rate that rises by 4.15% from 93.95% to 98.1%. Finally, the improved ant colony algorithm solves for the domestic waste collection and transportation path planning problem in the north district of Baohe. Thus, the effectiveness and application of the proposed algorithm is verified. The research result can provide reference for vehicle routing in the actual collection and transport process, improve collection and transport efficiency, and achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.

Analysis of using Internet of Things devices to manage the collection and transportation of municipal solid waste

The article analyzes the influence of M2M objects, the Internet of Things, robotics, and machine intelligence and vision systems on the municipal solid waste management system. It is demonstrated that goal-oriented, sustainable activity and development imply ensuring harmony in the homeostatic phase space of possible events. However, the life of society in the digital space is based on an increasingly expanding and often unexplored range of non-target manifestations of the development and application of information and telecommunication systems and technologies for working with digital data, carried out, among other things, with the support of government agencies.

Periodic injection of liquefied kitchen and food waste in municipal solid waste: Effects on leachate and gas generation

With continuous advancements in the zero-waste strategy in China, transportation of fresh municipal solid waste to landfills has ceased in most first-tier cities. Consequently, the production of landfill gas has sharply declined because the supply of organic matter has decreased, rendering power generation facilities idle. However, by incorporating liquefied kitchen and food waste (LKFW), sustainable methane production can be achieved while consuming organic wastewater. In this study, LKFW and water (as a control group) were periodically injected into high and low organic wastes, respectively. The biochemical characteristics of the resulting gas and leachate were analyzed. LKFW used in this research generated 19.5–37.6 L of methane per liter in the post-methane production phase, highlighting the effectiveness of LKFW injection in enhancing the methane-producing capacity of the system. The release of H2S was prominent during both the rapid and post-methane production phases, whereas that of NH3 was prominent in the post-methane production phase. As injection continued, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, 5-d biological oxygen demand, total organic carbon, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and oil in the output leachate decreased and eventually reached levels comparable to those in the water injection cases. After nine rounds of injections, the biologically degradable matter of the two LKFW-injected wastes decreased by 8.2 % and 15.1 %, respectively. This study sheds light on determining the organic load, controlling odor, and assessing the biochemical characteristics of leachate during LKFW injection.

Developing an Effcient Framework and Mathematical Modelling for Municipal Solid Waste Management in India

An increase in municipal waste has become one of the biggest problems today. Managing waste is a big challenge for every country. Municipal waste management includes transportation and recycling of waste, which needs huge funds. Moreover, significant carbon emissions occur while transporting garbage from one site to another. Thus, this study focuses on reducing the cost due to municipal solid waste (MSW) transportation. The research aims to develop a mathematical model of the supply chain of MSW management. The process of segregation and recycling is also considered in this study. We consider six Indian states and identify the dumping location of the garbage. The study proposes an efficient framework for selecting the segregation hub location and location of MSW treatment plants. The outcomes would be beneficial to achieve an efficient waste management strategy with reduced cost. The numerical simulation results of the model provides the minimum transportation cost as Rs. 4.92 × 106 according to the locations selected for the study. The final strategic decisions is feasible under the constraint sets considered in the model.

Model of Multi-Parameter Optimization of the Characteristics of a Cable Car in a Solid Waste Transportation System

Introduction. Modern scientific and applied literature examines the problems of cable cars functioning quite thoroughly. First of all, it concerns ensuring the reliability and safety of traffic, both during operation and during project development. In addition, the paper considers the relationship of cable cars with the environment and the level of environmental load from this type of transport. A good solution could be the use of mathematical models that can take into account a set of parameters and criteria that characterize the cable car as a system. The same approach would be useful for optimizingtechnical characteristics of the object. However, there is no description of such a solution in the literature. This gap is partially filled by the presented work. The study aims to create a model of multivariable optimization of cable car technical characteristics for the transportation of municipal solid waste (MSW). Material and Methods. To clarify the theoretical basis, the literature describing the problems of cable cars and their solutions in general has been studied. Mathematical calculations were justified by a volume of equations that proved their adequacy in determining the useful transport work, load, adjustment of time and speed of cargo movement and other significant parameters of the system under study. When forming the model, we proceeded from the principles of L. S. Pontryagin (needle variation) and Hamilton — Ostrogradsky (kinematics of a certain road segment). Text data about the features of the system elements and their interaction were summarized in tables. The main calculations results were visualized in the form of graphs. Results. The solution to the problem of optimal control of the cable car on which solid waste was moved was presented. The motion control vector was shown as a vector of optimized technical parameters of the system: speed of movement, rope tension, number and weight of containers. The well-known solution to the optimization problem was reproduced in a general form, which involved determination of a control vector function and its corresponding trajectory with the achievement of a minimum of the target functional. The weak point of the system of differential equations for the realization of the goals of this scientific work was noted. In this regard, it was proposed to consider the investigated section of the cable car as a dynamic system with distributed parameters. The formulation of the multi-criteria optimization problem was described in detail. The advantages of reducing the number of criteria taken into account were listed and the use of the reduction method, which was based on the hierarchical structuring of the system of partial optimality criteria, was justified. Four main elements of the municipal solid waste (MSW) transportation system were considered in interrelation. This was a cable car, a transport and logistics point, a transport and logistics terminal and an environment that generated solid waste. Within the framework of this work, we considered an urbanized environment. The sub-elements of the named elements were listed and 12 directions of their interactions were shown. In detail, within the framework of a three-level hierarchy, four main complex indicators of the complexity of the system under study were described: environment, road, point and terminal. The solution of a multi-criteria optimization problem was shown, calculations were performed for the optimized parameters — the characteristic of the complexity of the road and the characteristic of the terrain. The results of calculations were presented in the form of graphs. Thus, the dependences of the optimized parameters on the weight of the loaded container, the length and speed of the cable car were illustrated. Conclusions. The main result of the study is an idea of the possibility of a mathematical solution of a multivariable and multi-criteria problem of optimizing two characteristics of a cable car (complexity and terrain feature). The proposed approach allows you to change the hierarchy in the complex of indicators. The results of this scientific work can be used, if necessary, to integrate the road project with neural network models, to work with fuzzy linguistic indicators, to solve applied problems.

Penanganan Limbah Medis Padat di Puskesmas X

Public Health Centre facilities are integral to the healthcare system, playing a vital role in safeguarding public health at the primary level. These facilities, beyond delivering medical services, generate substantial quantities of medical waste due to various healthcare procedures. The management of medical waste in these centers presents challenges, notably the need for interim storage before third-party collection. Additionally, monthly solid medical waste transportation from all District health centers poses concerns about potential waste accumulation. This study falls into the category of descriptive research, aiming to provide an illustrative snapshot of current solid medical waste management. A survey at Public Health Centre X found that each polyclinic produces an average of 0.49 kg of solid medical waste daily, totaling 76.4 kg per month. Notably, all samples during packaging, transportation, and storage phases failed to meet specified criteria. Similarly, during sorting, the majority (83%) did not meet standards, with only one sample (16.3%) complying. This underscores the pressing need for staff training in medical waste procedures. To elevate medical waste management standards, health centers must integrate policies and regulations into their daily operations. Additionally, improving current facilities, infrastructure, and procedures is paramount to address this issue effectively. In conclusion, Public Health Centre facilities, vital for primary healthcare, grapple with medical waste management challenges. This study underscores the importance of immediate action in staff training and policy integration while investing in facility enhancements to achieve optimal medical waste management.

Optimization of Green Vehicle Paths Considering the Impact of Carbon Emissions: A Case Study of Municipal Solid Waste Collection and Transportation

In recent years, the waste produced as a result of the production and consumption activities of urban residents has led to significant environmental degradation and resource wastage. This paper focuses on the research object of municipal solid waste (MSW) collection and transportation based on the concept of “sustainable development and green economy”. Firstly, this study examines the current state of urban domestic garbage collection and transportation. It analyzes the following challenges and deficiencies of the existing collection and transportation system: (1) the operating efficiency of garbage collection vehicles is low, resulting in a significant accumulation of waste on the roadside and within the community; (2) the vehicle collection and transportation routes are fixed, and there are empty vehicles running; (3) the amount of garbage on a route exceeds the vehicle’s loading capacity, which requires the vehicle to perform a second round of collection and transportation. To enhance the efficiency of urban garbage collection and transportation and minimize the collection and transportation costs, we are investigating the problem of optimizing the path for green vehicles. To comprehensively optimize the fixed cost, variable cost, and carbon emission cost incurred during vehicle operation, a vehicle routing model with time windows is established, taking into account vehicle load constraints. Carbon emission coefficient and carbon tax parameters are introduced into the model and the “fuel-carbon emission” conversion method is used to measure the carbon cost of enterprises. An improved ant colony optimization (ACO) method is proposed: (1) the introduction of a vehicle load factor improves the ant state transfer method; (2) the updated pheromone method is improved, and additional pheromone is added to both the feasible path and the path with the minimum objective function; (3) the max–min ACO algorithm is introduced to address the issue of premature convergence of the algorithm; (4) the embedding of a 2-opt algorithm further prevents the ACO algorithm from falling into the local optimum. Finally, the calculation results based on the example data demonstrate that the algorithm has a significant advantage over the genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The total transportation distance determined by this algorithm is shorter than that of the GA and PSO methods, and the total cost of the scheme is 1.66% and 1.89% lower than that determined by GA and PSO, respectively. Compared to the data from the actual case, the number of vehicles required in the operation of this algorithm and model is reduced by three. Additionally, the total cost, fixed cost, and carbon emission cost incurred by the vehicles during operation were reduced by 31.2%, 60%, and 25.3% respectively. The results of this study help the station to collect and distribute waste efficiently, while also achieving the goals of energy saving, consumption reduction, and emission reduction.

Developing a carbon footprint model and environmental impact analysis of municipal solid waste transportation: A case study of Tehran, Iran

ABSTRACT The greenhouse gas emitted due to transportation is the third greatest emitter globally, and its impact has become a threat to the environment, public health, and economic development. Waste transportation is excluded in studies of waste management despite its significant environmental impacts such as global warming and human toxicity. The objective of this study is to develop a quantification model to estimate the carbon footprint of waste transportation and environmental impact assessments in three categories applied in Tehran using IPCC guidelines. In Tehran, light and heavy vehicles ran on diesel fuel. Data on fuel and waste characteristics were provided by Tehran’s department of transportation and municipality, respectively. In this study, transport-related emissions are 8.47 k tonCO2eq/y, and the carbon footprint of waste transportation is 93.57 g of CO2 eq per ton of waste transported (t.km), which is relevant to three main parameters: the amount of waste transported annually, the freight shipped from the temporary station to the disposal landfill site, and fossil fuels consumed. Also, an environmental impact assessment in three categories – human health (global warming, abiotic depletion, and ozone layer depletion), resources (fossil fuels), and ecosystem quality (acidification and eutrophication) – using SimaPro, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool is presented. Global warming (3.49 kg CO2 eq/t MSW), human toxicity (0.95 kg 1,4-DB eq/t MSW), and freshwater aquatic eco-toxicity (0.04 kg 1,4-DB eq/t MSW) have the greatest impact among categories. Sensitivity analysis of the effective parameters allows us to conclude one of the potential implications of this study would be the introduction of natural gas or biogas-based trucks replacing diesel fuel vehicles to improve air quality and mitigate the greenhouse gas emission. Implications: This paper addresses the significant issue of global warming, particularly in Iran, a developing country that ranks among the top contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. The study emphasizes the importance of evaluating emissions across various sectors such as electricity, waste, etc., Specifically, in this paper we focus on developing a model to quantify the environmental impact resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, focus on the metropolitan city of Tehran as a case study. By examining the waste transportation process, we aim to provide decision-makers with effective strategies to mitigate the environmental consequences. In this paper, we develop a simple quantification term of Carbon Footprint to calculate total greenhouse gas emission of waste transportation process. Carbon Footprint is a fraction which, its numerator is total greenhouse gas emission and its denominator is total waste transported in traveled distance. Effective parameters have been investigated and based on parameters and emission factors taken out of IPPC, the carbon footprint model have been developed. The total greenhouse gas emission of this study and the carbon footprint has estimated at 8.47 k tonCO2eq/y and 93.57 g CO2eq/t.km respectively. Furthermore, the paper explores additional environmental impacts beyond global warming, including abiotic depletion, ozone layer depletion, acidification, eutrophication, human toxicity, photochemical oxidation, and freshwater aquatic eco-toxicity. Using SimaPro software these eight impact categories have been estimated. in this study we identify fossil fuel consumption, traveled distance, and mass transported are the primary parameters influencing greenhouse gas emissions and the carbon footprint. To reduce emissions in the waste transportation system, we suggest promoting renewable biofuels, highlighting Iran as a suitable candidate due to its high percentage of biodegradable material in municipal solid waste. Additionally, the study assesses nonrenewable energy and mineral extraction using the IMPACT 2002+ V2.15/IMPACT 2002+ method, revealing that global warming (100 years), human toxicity (100 years), freshwater aquatic eco-toxicity, nonrenewable energy, and mineral extraction have the most significant impacts on the municipal solid waste transportation system. Overall, this research underscores the need for quantifying environmental impacts and recommends strategies to mitigate them in waste transportation processes, particularly in developing countries like Iran.

Evaluation of municipal solid waste transportation and cost analysis: case study in Banyuwangi Regency

Population growth in Banyuwangi Regency reached 0.61% BPS Banyuwangi Regency, 2022) with waste generation reaching 1,963,033.98 m3/year. Only 13% of the waste that is transported to the Temporary Disposal Site, TDS (RPJMD, 2021) is generated in Banyuwangi Regency in 2022; its waste generation in 2022 is 5378,2 m3/day with existing transportation using 17 units of dump trucks and 5 units of arm-roll trucks. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the most effective and optimal waste transportation system and estimate vehicle operating costs. The research methods were field studies and interviews with staff, drivers, and waste workers. The main information needed is the distance between the TDS and landfill sites locations, the time between locations, and the operating time of the waste trucks. The results showed that the amount of waste transported daily was 211.89 m3/day with a proportion of 4%. Optimization is carried out by setting aside distances on eight dump truck routes using the nearest-neighbor method with the R algorithm. Based on optimization, the distance reduction achieved by sorting eight dump truck routes reaches 102.95 km. In Banyuwangi Regency, the average daily vehicle operating costs for waste transportation are IDR 625,600 for arm roll trucks and IDR 3,325,200 for dump trucks. The average vehicle operating cost per year for 5 arm-roll trucks and 17 dump trucks reaches IDR 4,277,304,940.

Quantification & Management of Solid Waste Generated in Municipal Area Lucknow

Abstract: In India's cities and towns, managing solid waste is one of the most difficult issues. In Indian cities, the production of municipal solid waste (MSW) is accelerated by rising population levels, brisk economic expansion, and rising community living standards. Solid Waste Management (SWM) at the community level presents a number of challenging issues that must be understood and addressed, and the Center's survey for the characterization and quantification of solid waste in Lucknow's Gram Panchayats is an important undertaking. Solid waste management (SWM) is an organized process that addresses solid waste storage, collecting, transportation, processing, and disposal. Each of these steps is essential for reducing the negative effects of solid waste on human health, the environment, and aesthetics. By stratifying Gram Panchayats according to population size, the survey took a logical approach to the task. displaying a careful, data-driven strategy. To gain a thorough understanding of solid waste generation and disposal procedures in Gram Panchayats with more than 10,000 residents, a comprehensive survey of 300 families was carried out. In order to ensure that the study adequately reflected the different demographics of the area, a proportional number of households were polled in Gram Panchayats with populations of less than 2,000, 2,000 to 5,000, and 5,000 or more. Information regarding the types and subcategories of garbage created was learned from the data gathered over a 7-day period from each studied household. Block-Bakshi ka Talab, Block-Chinhat, Gram-Dig, Block-Sahjanwa, Gram-Budhat, and Gram-Juggaur

Landfill site selection in a mining dominated area using a fuzzy AHP and DRASTIC vulnerability based multicriteria decision analysis: a case study of Dhanbad, India.

Landfilling is the least preferred method in the hierarchy of solid waste management options, but it is the most widely practiced option. Thus, identification of environmentally and economically suitable landfill sites should be of prime importance. The main objective of this study is to identify environmentally and economically suitable landfill sites using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process-based weighted linear combination model within a GIS environment. This study also used the DRASTIC-based groundwater vulnerability index and distance of landfills from densely populated areas to protect groundwater and reduce cost of transportation of solid waste which were not considered by the previous studies. Using the previously reported methods, a total of 132 landfill sites were found environmentally suitable in the study area. But, after applying DRASTIC-based groundwater vulnerability index, the number of environmentally suitable sites reduced to 95. When the proximity of the 95 sites to densely populated areas was considered to reduce waste transportation cost, the number of selected sites further reduced to 21 site and they can be considered the most environmentally and economically suitable landfill sites. This study will help the policy makers and the concerned SWM authorities to construct the engineered landfills at environmentally and economically suitable landfill sites in the study area and in other similar areas.