Transportation Of Municipal Solid Waste Research Articles

Sustainable waste management and waste-to-energy in the context of a circular economy through various waste management technologies.

Inappropriate waste management is a considerable ecological risk, leading to detrimental effects on the soil, air, and water quality. It is imperative to address these concerns promptly to minimize the repercussions of solid waste on public health and the ecosystem. It is evident that the level of economic growth directly impacts waste generation. This study intends to use the life cycle assessment (LCA) technique to evaluate the environmental impacts of four alternative municipal solid waste (MSW) management scenarios in Peshawar City, Pakistan. The goal is to discover an option that is both sustainable and minimizes environmental damage. The study examined the system boundaries encompassing the collection and transportation of MSW, along with its processing and final disposal, employing composting, anaerobic digestion (AD), material recovery facilities (MRF), and landfill methods. Comprehensive field studies and an in-depth literature review provided the data regarding Peshawar's existing MSW management system and the proposed scenarios, all of which was inventoried in the OpenLCA 1.10.3 database. Following data collection, the CML-IA technique was employed to analyze the data, measuring the environmental footprint in terms of climate change potential, human toxicity, acidification potential, photochemical oxidation, and eutrophication. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to identify the influence of varying recycling rates on the environmental strain correlated with the proposed scenarios. The analysis results indicated that scenario S2, which combined composting, landfilling, and MRF, exhibited the least environmental impact compared to the other considered scenarios. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis reflected an inverse correlation between alterations in the recycling rate and the total environmental impact. To counter the environmental problems arising from waste generation, it is essential to incorporate principles of the circular economy into the MSW management approach.

A comparative study on the selection of the most suitable route for the collection and transportation of municipal solid waste

Worldwide, approximately US$410 billion is spent annually on the management of four billion tons of domestic solid waste (MSW). The transportation cost alone accounts for more than 50% of the total expenditure on solid waste management. This cost constitutes approximately 85% of the collection and transportation cost. 54.4% of environmental protection expenditures cover waste services. The population of the Barış neighborhood in the Kayapınar district of Diyarbakır, which is the subject of this study, is 23 581 according to the 2020 TUIK data. The average amount of waste produced per person in a month is 7.6 kg/person. In the results of these statistics, it has been seen that the investment costs in the transportation of wastes are increasing day by day. In this study, the performance of ant colony and genetic algorithms, which are among the artificial intelligence techniques, and route optimization using GIS (geographic information system) software were tried to be achieved to solve the GSP (traveling salesman problem), which is included in the route planning problems. The results of the study showed that savings were achieved with an improvement of 15.1576% in GIS, 29.8104% in GA (Genetic algorithm) and 40.5171% in ACS (Ant Colony System) compared to real life. As a result of the application, it has been observed that the ant colony algorithm is superior to the Genetic algorithm and GIS, as it draws a shorter route in terms of distance and obtains a better result in terms of improvement rate.

Optimizing municipal solid waste collection vehicle routing with a priority on infectious waste in a mountainous city landscape context

The growth of the economy, urban sprawl, and population expansion precipitate a substantial increase in solid waste generation, particularly in vital regions like the capital area and economically significant cities, including renowned tourist destinations. Furthermore, the protracted spread of the COVID-19 virus has led to a notable increase in the quantity of infectious waste. In this regard, the safe and effective management of municipal solid waste (MSW) collection and transportation emerges as a major concern in MSW management. This paper aims to determine routes for waste collection, both infectious and noninfectious, from waste collection points to diverse waste disposal sites in the mountainous Khao Kho district of Phetchabun province, located in northern Thailand, with the objective of minimizing total fuel consumption and service time. Fuel consumption is contingent upon both the distance traveled and the prevailing condition of the road. The road condition exerts an influence on the vehicle's speed, thereby directly impacting fuel efficiency. In the context of service time, priority is assigned to collection points with substantial quantities of infectious waste, given the imperative to promptly dispose of such waste to mitigate the risk of transmission. In this paper, a mixed-integer programming model and three modified differential evolution (MDE) algorithms were developed to solve the problem. The computational results reveal that the MDE outperformed the traditional DE and is effective for the MSW transportation management system.

Analysis of using Internet of Things devices to manage the collection and transportation of municipal solid waste

The article analyzes the influence of M2M objects, the Internet of Things, robotics, and machine intelligence and vision systems on the municipal solid waste management system. It is demonstrated that goal-oriented, sustainable activity and development imply ensuring harmony in the homeostatic phase space of possible events. However, the life of society in the digital space is based on an increasingly expanding and often unexplored range of non-target manifestations of the development and application of information and telecommunication systems and technologies for working with digital data, carried out, among other things, with the support of government agencies.

Model of Multi-Parameter Optimization of the Characteristics of a Cable Car in a Solid Waste Transportation System

Introduction. Modern scientific and applied literature examines the problems of cable cars functioning quite thoroughly. First of all, it concerns ensuring the reliability and safety of traffic, both during operation and during project development. In addition, the paper considers the relationship of cable cars with the environment and the level of environmental load from this type of transport. A good solution could be the use of mathematical models that can take into account a set of parameters and criteria that characterize the cable car as a system. The same approach would be useful for optimizingtechnical characteristics of the object. However, there is no description of such a solution in the literature. This gap is partially filled by the presented work. The study aims to create a model of multivariable optimization of cable car technical characteristics for the transportation of municipal solid waste (MSW). Material and Methods. To clarify the theoretical basis, the literature describing the problems of cable cars and their solutions in general has been studied. Mathematical calculations were justified by a volume of equations that proved their adequacy in determining the useful transport work, load, adjustment of time and speed of cargo movement and other significant parameters of the system under study. When forming the model, we proceeded from the principles of L. S. Pontryagin (needle variation) and Hamilton — Ostrogradsky (kinematics of a certain road segment). Text data about the features of the system elements and their interaction were summarized in tables. The main calculations results were visualized in the form of graphs. Results. The solution to the problem of optimal control of the cable car on which solid waste was moved was presented. The motion control vector was shown as a vector of optimized technical parameters of the system: speed of movement, rope tension, number and weight of containers. The well-known solution to the optimization problem was reproduced in a general form, which involved determination of a control vector function and its corresponding trajectory with the achievement of a minimum of the target functional. The weak point of the system of differential equations for the realization of the goals of this scientific work was noted. In this regard, it was proposed to consider the investigated section of the cable car as a dynamic system with distributed parameters. The formulation of the multi-criteria optimization problem was described in detail. The advantages of reducing the number of criteria taken into account were listed and the use of the reduction method, which was based on the hierarchical structuring of the system of partial optimality criteria, was justified. Four main elements of the municipal solid waste (MSW) transportation system were considered in interrelation. This was a cable car, a transport and logistics point, a transport and logistics terminal and an environment that generated solid waste. Within the framework of this work, we considered an urbanized environment. The sub-elements of the named elements were listed and 12 directions of their interactions were shown. In detail, within the framework of a three-level hierarchy, four main complex indicators of the complexity of the system under study were described: environment, road, point and terminal. The solution of a multi-criteria optimization problem was shown, calculations were performed for the optimized parameters — the characteristic of the complexity of the road and the characteristic of the terrain. The results of calculations were presented in the form of graphs. Thus, the dependences of the optimized parameters on the weight of the loaded container, the length and speed of the cable car were illustrated. Conclusions. The main result of the study is an idea of the possibility of a mathematical solution of a multivariable and multi-criteria problem of optimizing two characteristics of a cable car (complexity and terrain feature). The proposed approach allows you to change the hierarchy in the complex of indicators. The results of this scientific work can be used, if necessary, to integrate the road project with neural network models, to work with fuzzy linguistic indicators, to solve applied problems.

Developing a carbon footprint model and environmental impact analysis of municipal solid waste transportation: A case study of Tehran, Iran

ABSTRACT The greenhouse gas emitted due to transportation is the third greatest emitter globally, and its impact has become a threat to the environment, public health, and economic development. Waste transportation is excluded in studies of waste management despite its significant environmental impacts such as global warming and human toxicity. The objective of this study is to develop a quantification model to estimate the carbon footprint of waste transportation and environmental impact assessments in three categories applied in Tehran using IPCC guidelines. In Tehran, light and heavy vehicles ran on diesel fuel. Data on fuel and waste characteristics were provided by Tehran’s department of transportation and municipality, respectively. In this study, transport-related emissions are 8.47 k tonCO2eq/y, and the carbon footprint of waste transportation is 93.57 g of CO2 eq per ton of waste transported (t.km), which is relevant to three main parameters: the amount of waste transported annually, the freight shipped from the temporary station to the disposal landfill site, and fossil fuels consumed. Also, an environmental impact assessment in three categories – human health (global warming, abiotic depletion, and ozone layer depletion), resources (fossil fuels), and ecosystem quality (acidification and eutrophication) – using SimaPro, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool is presented. Global warming (3.49 kg CO2 eq/t MSW), human toxicity (0.95 kg 1,4-DB eq/t MSW), and freshwater aquatic eco-toxicity (0.04 kg 1,4-DB eq/t MSW) have the greatest impact among categories. Sensitivity analysis of the effective parameters allows us to conclude one of the potential implications of this study would be the introduction of natural gas or biogas-based trucks replacing diesel fuel vehicles to improve air quality and mitigate the greenhouse gas emission. Implications: This paper addresses the significant issue of global warming, particularly in Iran, a developing country that ranks among the top contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. The study emphasizes the importance of evaluating emissions across various sectors such as electricity, waste, etc., Specifically, in this paper we focus on developing a model to quantify the environmental impact resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, focus on the metropolitan city of Tehran as a case study. By examining the waste transportation process, we aim to provide decision-makers with effective strategies to mitigate the environmental consequences. In this paper, we develop a simple quantification term of Carbon Footprint to calculate total greenhouse gas emission of waste transportation process. Carbon Footprint is a fraction which, its numerator is total greenhouse gas emission and its denominator is total waste transported in traveled distance. Effective parameters have been investigated and based on parameters and emission factors taken out of IPPC, the carbon footprint model have been developed. The total greenhouse gas emission of this study and the carbon footprint has estimated at 8.47 k tonCO2eq/y and 93.57 g CO2eq/t.km respectively. Furthermore, the paper explores additional environmental impacts beyond global warming, including abiotic depletion, ozone layer depletion, acidification, eutrophication, human toxicity, photochemical oxidation, and freshwater aquatic eco-toxicity. Using SimaPro software these eight impact categories have been estimated. in this study we identify fossil fuel consumption, traveled distance, and mass transported are the primary parameters influencing greenhouse gas emissions and the carbon footprint. To reduce emissions in the waste transportation system, we suggest promoting renewable biofuels, highlighting Iran as a suitable candidate due to its high percentage of biodegradable material in municipal solid waste. Additionally, the study assesses nonrenewable energy and mineral extraction using the IMPACT 2002+ V2.15/IMPACT 2002+ method, revealing that global warming (100 years), human toxicity (100 years), freshwater aquatic eco-toxicity, nonrenewable energy, and mineral extraction have the most significant impacts on the municipal solid waste transportation system. Overall, this research underscores the need for quantifying environmental impacts and recommends strategies to mitigate them in waste transportation processes, particularly in developing countries like Iran.

Evaluation of municipal solid waste transportation and cost analysis: case study in Banyuwangi Regency

Population growth in Banyuwangi Regency reached 0.61% BPS Banyuwangi Regency, 2022) with waste generation reaching 1,963,033.98 m3/year. Only 13% of the waste that is transported to the Temporary Disposal Site, TDS (RPJMD, 2021) is generated in Banyuwangi Regency in 2022; its waste generation in 2022 is 5378,2 m3/day with existing transportation using 17 units of dump trucks and 5 units of arm-roll trucks. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the most effective and optimal waste transportation system and estimate vehicle operating costs. The research methods were field studies and interviews with staff, drivers, and waste workers. The main information needed is the distance between the TDS and landfill sites locations, the time between locations, and the operating time of the waste trucks. The results showed that the amount of waste transported daily was 211.89 m3/day with a proportion of 4%. Optimization is carried out by setting aside distances on eight dump truck routes using the nearest-neighbor method with the R algorithm. Based on optimization, the distance reduction achieved by sorting eight dump truck routes reaches 102.95 km. In Banyuwangi Regency, the average daily vehicle operating costs for waste transportation are IDR 625,600 for arm roll trucks and IDR 3,325,200 for dump trucks. The average vehicle operating cost per year for 5 arm-roll trucks and 17 dump trucks reaches IDR 4,277,304,940.

Mutual disposal of municipal solid waste and flue gas on isolated islands

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management in rural and remote areas (e.g., isolated islands) is a noteworthy issue. Transportation of MSW from isolated islands to the mainland requires large-scale energy, so it demands a high amount of diesel fuel in diesel generators. To alleviate environmental pollution and energy consumption during transportation, this paper proposes a mutual disposal strategy for MSW and fuel gas from diesel generators and explores the feasibility and potential benefits based on MSW drying experiment in a self-designed device. The following were the primary conclusions: (1) the flue gas could provide sufficient heat energy for drying MSW, and the effective utilization rate can reach 60.22 ± 2.88%. It would take 60–85 min to dry MSW below 200 °C. (2) Within the permissible limits of environmental standards, the MSW contributes to the reduction of particulate matter and methane in the flue gas, while the carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and non-methane hydrocarbon contents increase due to thermal decomposition of the MSW. The global warming potential of the carbon in the treated gas can be decreased by 16.94%, and the nitric oxide contributes to carbon emission reduction. (3) The proposed mutual disposal strategy could alleviate issues in landfill leachate and simplify the treatment technology, leading to subsequent environmental, economic, and technical benefits.

Solid Waste Handling Scenarios, Management and Economic Study in Erbil City

Solid waste management has become an important issue for developing countries. Solid waste management is also a weighty problem in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. To date, weak points have been observed in Erbil City, particularly in the handling and transportation of municipal solid waste. Consequently, this issue affects the environment, human health, management, finances, and aesthetics of the city. This research focused on handling scenarios, management, and an economic study of solid waste in New Zanco Village, Erbil City. Data on the quantity and generation rate (GR) of solid waste and current routes for solid waste collection were collected directly. Additionally, truck volume, handling options, and economic subjects were studied. Untimorous software was applied to find the optimum routes for solid waste collection in the studied area. Results revealed that the average GR for 48 samples was 1.114 kg/capita/day. The minimum and maximum values were 0.24 kg/capita/day and 3.28 kg/capita/day, respectively. The optimized capacity for the trucks was 7 m3. The number of pick-up locations per truck was 92. From the current waste collection route, waste is collected in eight cycles each week and the total weekly travel length equals 321.12 km. Based on the results obtained from OptimoRoute software, waste is collected in seven cycles and the total weekly travel length equals 294.03 km. The waste collection will reduce the 27.09 km of travel length in each week, which equals a reduction of 8.43% of the total distance. The operation cost will be reduced by 8.43% per week. Additionally, the total yearly travel length will be reduced by 1,300.32 km and the total yearly cost will be reduced by about $2,730.67.

ОПТИМИЗАЦИОННАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ПЕРЕВОЗОК ТВЕРДЫХ КОММУНАЛЬНЫХ ОТХОДОВ ГОРОДСКОЙ АГЛОМЕРАЦИИ

An optimization model of transportation of municipal solid waste (MSW) of the urban agglomeration carried out by the WMS processing and disposal complex is proposed. Optimization is carried out by minimizing the costs of transportation of MSW. The solution of the problem of minimizing costs is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, optimal routes are built along which garbage trucks can transport MSW with minimal costs of a given type (fuel costs, financial costs, etc.). At the second stage, the optimal options for the distribution of garbage truck flights between the optimal routes built at the first stage are determined. Software has been developed for using the model in solving practical problems. In addition, a database has been developed to work with the initial data and the results of solving optimization problems. The results of experimental calculations and their analysis are presented. The model is focused on the urban agglomeration of St. Petersburg.

Establishing the peculiarities of tire wear of garbage trucks during the transportation of municipal solid waste

The article is dedicated to the establishment of peculiarities of tire wear of garbage trucks during the transportation of solid waste. Using the planning of the first-order experiment with the first-order interaction effects using the Box-Wilson method, adequate dependencies of wear of garbage truck tires on the front and rear axles due to the transported mass of municipal solid waste and the mileage of the garbage truck were determined. It was established that, according to the Student’s criterion, among the investigated factors of influence, the wear of garbage truck tires on both the front and rear axles is most affected by the transported mass of municipal solid waste, and the least – by the mileage of the garbage truck. The response surfaces of the objective functions – tire wear of the garbage truck on the front and rear axles and their two-dimensional sections in the planes of the impact parameters are shown, which allow to visually illustrate the indicated dependences of the objective function data on individual impact parameters. The dependencies of the number of routes of the garbage truck to the maximum allowable tire wear on the front and rear axles were obtained. The response surfaces of the target functions – the number of routes of the garbage truck to the maximum permissible wear of the tires on the front and rear axles and its two-dimensional sections in the planes of the influence parameters, which allow to visually illustrate the specified dependencies, are obtained. The expediency of conducting further research on the influence of speed, unevenness of the road surface, weather conditions and other factors on the wear of garbage truck tires has been revealed.

Optimization of Municipal Waste Streams in Achieving Urban Circularity in the City of Curitiba, Brazil

The municipal solid waste (MSW) remains a great challenge in most cities of developing countries, as the majority of the generated waste is either not collected or is dumped in open uncontrolled non-engineered landfill sites, creating significant pollution due to the leakage of landfill leachate in the surrounding environment. In developing countries, a complete transition to a zero-landfill scenario is less likely to happen in the near future due to various socio-economic challenges. Therefore, the existing landfills in developing countries need holistic waste management thinking with more efforts on waste to energy conversions. This study highlights the challenges with existing MSW management practices of Curitiba, Brazil, and suggests some holistic and sustainable landfill management techniques. This is accomplished through the (i) identification of the suitable sites for setting up transfer stations (TSs), (ii) route optimization for MSW transportation, and (iii) analysis of the life expectancy of the existing landfill with waste valorization techniques for enhancing circularity of MSW of the city. The study has identified six potential TSs, making use of various geological criteria and constraints as suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency using GIS-based spatial analysis, which could save fuel cost of approximately 1.5 million Brazilian Real (BRL) per year for the solid waste transportation (from the source to the landfill site). This research has also made a value addition in this specific field with the preparation of a digitized road network map of the study region. Further, the sensitivity-based scenario analysis highlights that the lifespan of the existing landfill (until 2030) might be extended to 2058 if the city achieves the targeted recycling rate of 85% compared with the current rate of 23%. The results would be useful for policy-makers to adopt the crucial MSW scenario to achieve a circular economy in the waste management of the city of Curitiba.

A Decision-Making Model for the Transportation of Municipal Solid Wastes

The management of waste with minimum cost and the environmental burden has recently gained importance in the circular economy. In this study, alternatives for the transportation of wastes by rail and road were compared in terms of cost, environment and personnel requirement benchmarks by using the multi-criteria decision-making software - Right Choice (2.0). The transportation of waste by road is shown with Alternative 1, while the transportation by rail is represented by Alternative 2 (by loading waste-carrying trucks and trailers on the train), Alternative 3 (by loading only trailers on the train) and Alternative 4 (by loading only wastes on the train). As a result, it was determined that the optimum option to transfer the wastes is as specified in Alternative 4, to load only the wastes on the wagons. Importantly, the low operation-maintenance cost of Alternative 4, in other words, its high performance on this benchmark and the high relative importance of the operation-maintenance cost attributed by the stakeholders play a vital role. According to the sensitivity analysis results, Alternative 3 appears as another option close to Alternative 4 while Alternatives 1 and 2, however, remain as options to be evaluated where Alternatives 3 and 4 are not included in decision-making at all. The results of this study show that, depending on the scoring of the criteria in the decision tree, Alternative 4 or 3 could be a better option than the other alternatives, by reducing the number of alternatives and highlighting the good performers.

Pneumatic transportation of municipal waste – a means of improving the ecology of the city

The article considers the issues of the impact on the environment of the city of pneumatic transportation for the removal of municipal solid waste (MSW). The disadvantages of conventional collection and transportation of MSW (container-garbage truck) are indicated, the main of which is the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere of the city (methane, ammonia, sulfur compounds, etc.). These problems can be eliminated by pneumatic transportation, which collects and moves waste using an air flow in an underground pipeline. As the conducted research has shown, one of the promising directions for the development of urban waste disposal is the use of a combined pneumatic intake-injection system, for the development of a schematic diagram of which the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2787693 was obtained. One of the most important technological operations in the pneumatic transportation removal of MSW is the purification of the air emitted into the atmosphere from dust and harmful gaseous impurities. For this purpose, multi-stage air filters are provided in the developed pneumatic transportation system. The conducted studies have established that in order to improve the purification of the air removed from the pipeline, it is advisable to use photocatalytic purification as a filter of the last stage.

Collection and transport of municipal solid waste in a developing Country: the case of Greater Beirut Area in Lebanon

Collection and transport of municipal solid waste in a developing Country: the case of Greater Beirut Area in Lebanon

Advancing cleaner municipal waste transport through carbon accounting in the cap-and-trade system

Promoting cleaner municipal solid waste transportation processes plays a key role in sustainable waste management. In this study, a regional cap-and-trade system as an incentive tool was developed and applied to waste disposal in Montreal, Canada. The full life-cycle carbon emissions of a waste transport fleet, including four alternative energy scenarios, were accounted for using the GHGenius life cycle assessment tool. Different carbon caps were also considered, as evidence to support the industry’s ongoing low-carbon efforts under Quebec’s 2030 green plan. The results revealed that the electric fleet decreased carbon emissions (CO2-equivalent) by 94.40% when compared to the diesel fleet and achieved a cost savings of 63.13% percent when carbon trading offsets were utilized. Considering all cap tightening, credit offsets, and possible subsidies, the electric fleet outperforms the other options in both economics and emission reductions. The findings have important implications for sustaining the low-carbon municipal waste management.

Transportation Route Optimization of Municipal Solid Waste Using Network Analyst Tool, Case of Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia

Municipal solid waste transportation and collection account for the largest portion of its total management expenses. The current study intends to distribute solid waste collection bins and improve the municipal solid waste transportation routes for Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia, using the Network Analyst tool. The coordinates of each municipal solid waste collection container, the coordinates of the disposal location, the town's master plan, its population, the rate at which solid waste is produced, and the road shapefile are the data used for the study. The major piece of software used in this investigation was Network Analyst, an extension of ArcGIS. The recommended quantity of solid waste collection containers, the designated site for the containers, and the most efficient route are among the findings. The calculation's outcome showed that there were 66 municipal solid waste (MSW) collection containers for the 2018 calendar year and 110 containers after 20 years. 17.94 km is the optimal average distance to move filled containers from individual collection container locations to the disposal site and empty containers to their destination. Therefore, route design for municipal solid waste collection vehicles within the urban region is advised by the urban authorities.

Optimization of municipal solid waste transportation in the State of Paraná: rethinking the location of landfills based on mathematical modeling

RESUMO Neste trabalho foram utilizados, conjuntamente, os conceitos de particionamento territorial e localização de instalações para a otimização da rede de aterros sanitários do Estado do Paraná. Isso porque a solução adotada atualmente apresenta uma série de deficiências, incluindo o não atendimento total da demanda, o número excessivo de pequenos locais e diversos consórcios não contíguos, que resultam em maiores custos de transporte e menor eficiência de escala. O objetivo desta pesquisa é otimizar o particionamento territorial para o Estado do Paraná com relação aos aterros sanitários definindo um número adequado de lugares capaz de atender à demanda e que minimize as distâncias a serem percorridas dos pontos de geração do lixo até o descarte. Para isso, foram desenvolvidas simulações em função do custo de transporte rodoviário dos resíduos, em que foram considerados os locais dos 171 aterros operacionais existentes no Estado. Os resultados mostraram a necessidade de se alterarem algumas das capacidades das áreas de descarte existentes, além de se adicionarem 25 novas áreas para atender integralmente à demanda. Com isso, o gasto com transporte seria reduzido em cerca de 80% e o custo total, que inclui novas construções, ficaria reduzido em 57%, acarretando redução de gastos, além do aprimoramento na prestação do serviço e da atenuação do impacto ambiental.

Crisp and fuzzy optimization models for sustainable municipal solid waste management

Increasing municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in the city has caused a serious problem to the authority, especially for emerging countries. Improper management of MSW will increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Apart from landfill, there are other options to convert MSW into valuable products or energy, such as recycling and incineration. This paper presents crisp and fuzzy optimization models for designing optimal supply chain networks for sustainable MSW management, considering economic (cost minimization) and environmental objectives (emissions reduction). The crisp model is based on a superstructure and consists of material balances, capacity limits and planning constraints for MSW transfer stations, disposal sites and treatment technologies. Fuzzy optimization with max-min aggregation is then incorporated to handle conflicting economic and environmental objectives, as well as uncertainties in GHG emission factors and cost coefficients of MSW treatment. A case study for the design of an optimal MSW supply chain network in the city of Qingdao, China is presented to illustrate the proposed approach. The conflicting objectives of minimizing the total net cost and GHG emissions for MSW transport and treatment are analyzed using the crisp model, yielding a set of Pareto optimal solutions. A compromise solution achieving a 21.6% cost reduction and a 28.4% emissions reduction is identified using the fuzzy model. An inferior solution is also found with smaller cost (19.1%) and emissions reductions (25.1%) due to the use of conservative estimates of uncertain cost coefficients and emission factors. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models in dealing with the MSW management problem.

Augmentation of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Hyderabad City

Enormous amount Municipal solidwaste is generated daily all over the world because of the life styles of people. Both developed and developing countries facing so many problems for proper collection, transport, treatment and disposal of municipal solidwaste (MSW). Even though proper collection and transport of municipal solidwaste are implemented during the disposal, recovery and treatment of those wastes also causes various impact on environment and human health. This study was throw the light on impact of solidwaste is continuous problem and affect all the environmental precious resources(soil, water & air) also cause serious threat to human beings, plants and animals unless every individual not take any step to reduce their solidwaste generation rate. All the state government and central government is taken so many actions to reduce the impact of municipal solidwaste at oneside but failed to change the people mindset to avoid unnecessary increase of solidwaste generation and dispose that properly. This project was carried out to gain through knowledge about Hyderabad integrated municipal solidwaste management (HIMSWM) plant at jawahar nagar to study the entire process of municipal solidwaste treatment done by Ramky group of limited.