Transportation Law Research Articles

Revision of Multimodal Transportation Law and Some Problems

Revision of Multimodal Transportation Law and Some Problems

A Search for Sovereignty: Law and Geography in European Empires, 1400 – 1900

A Search for Sovereignty: Law and Geography in European Empires, 1400 – 1900

Sizing Conformance Control Treatment Based on Law of Gel Transportation Through Porous Media

Treatment volume sizing is quite indispensible to conformance control project design. The sizing methods used currently suffer from such disadvantages as oversimplifying the law of gel transportation through porous media or completely neglecting it, and give calculation results far from optimal. A new sizing method is presented to take the transportation law into account. First, theoretical analysis, physical simulation and numerical simulation are employed to conduct qualitative analysis on how gel transports between one injector and one producer. It was found that most of gel injected into formation would migrate through the effective water-swept region toward the producer. This region, low in flow resistance, can be approximately deemed as the overlap of two equirotal circles. The intersection angle of the two circles is called water-swept angle and dominates the area of this region. Water-cut performance of the producer, mobility ratio and relative permeability-saturation relation can be used to compute this angle. Given the optimal treatment distance, the area of the gel distribution region will be determined. Then treatment volume can be determined by multiplying the area by the water-swept thickness. Its consideration of fluid properties, rock properties and well performance allows this new method to gain an advantage over other sizing methods. In a field case, this method yielded much smaller treatment volume and saw good response to treatment. Keywords: water channelling; conformance control; treatment volume; physical simulation; numerical simulation; effective water-swept region

Study on multiphase flow field of gas transportation in drivage face

Based on theories of multiphase fluid mechanics, the gas transportation and concentration distribution in drivage face were studied in this paper. According to gas transportation characteristics in drivage working face, reasonable simplification was made, and two-phase flow transportation model for gas and air was established, then gas transportation characteristics in drivage face were theoretically deduced. In this paper, the gas transportation in drivage working face was also numerically simulated by common CFD software, and the distribution and transportation law of gas in some sections of the laneway were elicited. The results indicate: (1) The gas transportation in mine atmosphere is essentially the quality transmission process of gas in the flow; (2) The main factors having influences on gas transportation in the laneway are convection, molecule diffusion, turbulent flow diffusion and displacement transportation; (3) The main gas accumulation regions are the laneway corners, the laneway roof, the combining part of digging laneway and main laneway.

BEHAVIOR RESTRICTION AND FACTOR OF PREGNANT WOMAN AND PARENT WITH BABY

Declining birthrate and growing proportion of elderly people is advanced at the speed more than the past forecast, and various measures are executed from respect of the living environment and welfare in Japan now. Moreover, Heart Building Law was enforced in 1994, Accessible and Usable Transportation Law was enforced in 2000, and Barrier-Free New Law was enforced in 2006, as a result, facilities and equipment that considers the elderly and the physically handicapped have increased. However, in other words, it means the main people of these measures in the present stage is the elderly and the physically handicapped. On the other hand, the action barrier in building/city space to people before and after childbirth is not recognized so much because of transitory. On this research, we clarify the factor of the action barrier of pregnant woman and parent with baby for these 20 years in building/city space and propose the reduction of these factors.

CAL JILLSON. Pursuing the American Dream: Opportunity and Exclusion over Four Centuries. (American Political Thought.) Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. 2004. Pp. xv, 347. $34.95.

Cal Jillson offers us an informed if very broad history of the American Dream, that “shimmering vision of a fruitful country open to all who come, learn, work, save, invest, and play by the rules.” While assuming basic constancy in the dream, Jillson divides its history into seven conventional historical periods, addressing in each four themes (social landscape, articulation of the dream, the dream in law and institution, and “faces of exclusion”). The result is a primer in American history with concepts and trends well defined, but not necessarily resulting in daring insights or dramatic conclusions. Each section takes us through the familiar history of economic conditions, population (especially immigration) trends, and, to a lesser degree, technological innovations. Jillson offers the conventional view of the contrasting visions of “small man” individualism and government action presented by Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson, and Alexander Hamilton, and the Whigs, respectively, before Abraham Lincoln and later the two Roosevelts combined them. In addition, he efficiently and lucidly recounts the full range of major legislation affecting economic opportunity (from tariff, bank, transportation, and corporation law to immigration, emancipation, land, and education legislation). He clearly and compactly rehearses also the legal and social restrictions on full equality of access to the American Dream in suffrage restrictions, slave laws, Indian removal acts, and even the culture of separate gender spheres. The author reviews all the important legislation of the New Deal, Great Society, and Reagan and Clinton years. He wraps up his book with a detailed analysis of the current state of the American Dream, suggesting continuing gaps in its fulfillment especially in work time and family leave, education, and immigration legislation.

Taking the high road: a metropolitan agenda for transportation reform

Since the early 1990s, federal transportation laws have slowly started to level the playing field between highway and alternative transportation strategies, as well as between older and newer communities. The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 and the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century made substantial changes in transportation practices. These laws devolved greater responsibility for planning and implementation to urban development organizations and introduced more flexibility in the spending of federal highway and transit funds. They also created a series of special programs to carry out important national objectives, and they tightened the linkages between transportation spending and issues such as metropolitan air quality. Taking the High Road examines the most pressing transportation challenges facing American cities, suburbs, and metropolitan areas. The authors focus on the central issues in the ongoing debate and deliberations about the nation's transportation policy. They go beyond the federal debate, however, to lay out an agenda for reform that responds directly to those responsible for putting these policies into practice --leaders at the state, metropolitan, and local levels. This book presents public officials with options for reform. Hoping to build upon the progress and momentum of earlier transportation laws, it ensures a better understanding of the problems and provides policymakers, journalists, and the public with a comprehensive guide to the numerous issues that must be addressed. Topics include: A wide-ranging policy framework that addresses the reauthorization debate An examination of transportation finance and how it affects cities and suburbs An analysis of metropolitan decisionmaking in transportation The challenges of transportation access for working families and the elderly The problems of increasing traffic congestion and the lack of adequate alternatives Contributors include: Scott Bernstein (Center for Neighborhood Technology), Edward Biemborn (University of Wisconsin), Evelyn Blumenberg (UCLA), John Brennan (Cleveland State University), Anthony Downs (Brookings), Billie K. Geyer (Cleveland State), Edward W. Hill (Cleveland State), Arnold Howitt (Harvard University), Kevin E. O'Brien (Cleveland State), Ryan Prince (Brookings), Claudette Robey (Cleveland State), Sandra Rosenbloom (University of Arizona), Thomas Sanchez (Virginia Tech), Martin Wachs (University of California, Berkeley), and Margy Waller (Brookings).

Construction of an Evaluating System of Tactile Walking Surface Indicators for Persons with Vision Impairments

An experiment to evaluate a tactile walking surface indicator for visually impaired persons was usually carried out in the outdoor environment, and the weather and the seasons affected on the schedule and the result. We constructed the evaluation system within the building so we could conduct walking experiments that were unaffected by the weather regardless of the four seasons. The subjects of this system were not only a visually impaired person and a sighted deaf person but also general person. The laboratory provided a soundproof and shaded structure consisting of the walls and the ceiling. External sound and light were blocked. The hue could be adjusted by three-color fluorescent lamps, and the light could be adjusted from daytime brightness to a dim moon light. Research into the walking of visually impaired persons at nighttime is a pressing problem as the barrier-free transportation law has been enacted in Japan. An international standard has been discussed, and a scientific basis for that standard is now required.

SARS preparedness and response planning.

SARS preparedness and response planning.

車いす搭乗者と歩行者群集の避難実験

Disabled people including wheelchair users have been going out into a society more actively. Then TRAIL (Transportation and Accessibility Law) came into effect in May 2000. Barrier-free passenger ships are going on increasing by those activities. Barrier-free passenger ships must maintain highly evacuation safety on board. One of items for evacuation safety on board is that wheelchair users and pedestrian passengers can move together to assembly spaces smoothly. We did experiments that a wheelchair user and 30 walkers escaped together through passenger ship corridor mock-up which length was 15m. The width of the corridor was 2m and 3m. We did 4 cases for doorways which width were 2m and 3m within the corridor which width was 5m. A video camera that was set 30m above the corridor recorded the behavior of the wheelchair user and the walkers. The wheelchair user and the 30walkers were able to move through the corridor without a decline in the evacuation speed with all conditions of the experiments. But conditions of both the wheelchair user and walkers influenced each other to their behavior. A kind mental state of the walkers had the wheelchair user feel at ease. The cases with the doorways which width of 2m showed a decline in the flow (persons/sec.) and its value was one to two persons/sec.

Perish or Prosper: The Law and Convict Transportation in the British Empire, 1700–1850

For over 150 years from the early eighteenth century, convict transportation was a primary method of punishing serious crime in Britain and Ireland. Convicts were first sent to the colonies in North America and the Caribbean and then to three newly established Australian colonies on the other side of the world. Conditions were very different between the two locations, yet the fundamental law of transportation remained the same for decades after the process began in Australia.

The Local Roots of Federal Policy Change: Transportation in the 1990s

Although allegedly "all politics is local," studies of policy changes in the United States tend to emphasize national political cleavages, national issue-attention cycles, and inside-the-Beltway approaches to issue networks. We argue that more accurate and complete explanations of national policy changes require a broader consideration of problem definition and issue framing at the local level, as well as intergovernmental political pressures. Using hearing testimony, media coverage, and other data, we test this proposition by examining alterations to U.S. transportation policy in the 1990s. The reauthorizations of the federal transportation law in 1991 and 1998, which shifted considerable discretion away from states and toward previously weak metropolitan planning organizations, are typically viewed as major victories for mass transit and environmentalists. Our analysis suggests that a conventional explanation focusing on national factors like public opinion, interest group involvement, and Congressional membership provides less leverage in accounting for these substantive and procedural policy shifts than an explanation centered on local and intergovernmental factors.

Adapting an American-based Simulation to a Hong Kong Classroom

Case studies tend to embed the language and values of the culture in which they are created. To use an American-based behavioural simulation, Looking Glass Inc., in Hong Kong, we needed to adapt it to the students' language environment and proficiency, their culturally derived behaviours, and their understanding of the context of American business. In Hong Kong, the norms prescribing language use are complex and contradictory; English is a major business, government, and legal language, but Cantonese and sometimes Mandarin have a continuing presence, especially in oral communication. The English in the simulation, however, reflect ing the authors' emphasis on realism, included slang and idiomatic expressions that were confusing even to students otherwise fluent in the language, and thus we had to modify materials to aid comprehension. We also had to adjust our administra tion of the materials to account for cultural differences between the individualistic and low power distance dimensions of the American scene represented in the sim ulation and the collectivistic and high power distance environment our students found more comfortable. Our strategy in adapting the simulation was to stimulate participants in Looking Glass Inc. to act authentically in their roles, negate reac tive and promote proactive behaviour at all four organisational levels, and encour age the thoughtful and complete analysis of the simulation, not something that came naturally. Finally, we had to make explicit several elements of American business assumed by the authors but not known to the students, including Ameri can geography and transportation systems, laws and administrative bodies, and race and gender issues.

Regionalism and Representation

Despite renewed interest in metropolitan governance, little attention has been given to issues of representation by regional governing entities. Many regional bodies operate under an arrangement whereby each local government receives an equal vote-systematically underrepresenting large jurisdictions and unincorporated areas. The author describes an index to measure the (dis)proportionality of representation on the governing boards of regional institutions. Applying the index to metropolitan planning organizations in California, he finds that most have a substantially skewed representational structure. Such patterns may violate constitutional guarantees of equal protection, given the enhanced policy-making role of metropolitan planning organizations under recent federal transportation law.

Sachprinzipien eines nachhaltigeren Verkehrsrechts

Transportation laws are changing: privatisation, free trade, deregulation and new public management is making an impact and is affecting EU/EG and Swiss legislation, emphasising the functions of transport companies as well as the importance of the transportation industry. At the same time, new policies will be formulated to enhance the new transportation laws. Transportation policies have to address the problem of either keeping with increasing demands for traffic rights or of reducing them. This question is of vital importance and exposes a complexity of problems in terms of economy, society and ecology. Legalists are being challenged, politics alone cannot solve these problems. Transportation, regional planning and environmental policies have to work together. This essay attempts to illustrate the problems, drawing on the example of the alpine transit regulations. It will show that the differences between regional and global requirements have to be solved on the grounds of solidarity.

Negotiated/recourse rate alternative—A giant step backward

Natural GasVolume 12, Issue 10 p. 21-25 Article Negotiated/recourse rate alternative—A giant step backward Katherine B. Edwards, Katherine B. Edwards Katherine B. Edwards is a partner in the law firm of Travis & Gooch, based in Washington, DC. She is the chair of the Natural Gas Committee of the American Bar Association Section of Public Utility, Communications and Transportation Law. The views expressed herein are her own and not necessarily the views of Travis & Gooch or any of its clients.Search for more papers by this author Katherine B. Edwards, Katherine B. Edwards Katherine B. Edwards is a partner in the law firm of Travis & Gooch, based in Washington, DC. She is the chair of the Natural Gas Committee of the American Bar Association Section of Public Utility, Communications and Transportation Law. The views expressed herein are her own and not necessarily the views of Travis & Gooch or any of its clients.Search for more papers by this author First published: May 1996 https://doi.org/10.1002/gas.3410121006 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume12, Issue10May 1996Pages 21-25 RelatedInformation

A Launch and a Space Transportation Law, separate from Outer Space Law?

A Launch and a Space Transportation Law, separate from Outer Space Law?

Surface Transportation and Administrative Law: Growing up Together in the 20th Century

The concurrent development of administrative law and America's modern transportation system is no accident. Both reflect the technological and societal changes that have defined what the United States is today. The importance of transportation is reflected by the fact that so many of the important events, statutes, and court decisions in the history of 20th century administrative law have involved transportation. The first really powerful administrative agency, the Interstate Commerce Commission, was created to regulate railroads and, later, interstate trucking. The Federal-Aid Highway Program, which can trace its roots to 1893, has been the largest federal grant program for much of this century. The statutory framework for this program, established by the Federal Road Act of 1916 and the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1921, became the model for all federal grant programs. The Interstate system and other highway programs helped shape the great economic expansion that followed World War II. The effects of these vast new road systems were among the most important factors leading to the growth of modern environmental law in the 1960s and 1970s. In the years ahead, with the accelerating integration of new technology into the transportation system, further concurrent change in transportation and administrative law is inevitable.

Surface Transportation and Administrative Law: Growing Up Together in the 20th Century

The concurrent development of administrative law and America's modern transportation system is no accident. Both reflect the technological and societal changes that have defined what the United States is today. The importance of transportation is reflected by the fact that so many of the important events, statutes, and court decisions in the history of 20th century administrative law have involved transportation. The first really powerful administrative agency, the Interstate Commerce Commission, was created to regulate railroads and, later, interstate trucking. The Federal-Aid Highway Program, which can trace its roots to 1893, has been the largest federal grant program for much of this century. The statutory framework for this program, established by the Federal Road Act of 1916 and the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1921, became the model for all federal grant programs. The Interstate system and other highway programs helped shape the great economic expansion that followed World War II. The effects of thes...

The Mexican legal system

Preface Introduction Administrative Laws Agrarian Reform Laws Aliens and Nationality Laws Amparo Laws Anti-Trust Laws Bankruptcy Laws Banks and Banking Laws Civil Procedure Laws Commercial Laws Constitutional Laws Consumer Laws Contract Laws Copyright Laws Corporation Laws Criminal Laws Criminal Procedure Laws Customs Laws Domestic Relations Laws Firearms Laws Foreign Exchange Laws Foreign Investment Laws Foreign Judgment Recognition Health and Environment Laws Housing and Urban Development Laws Insurance Laws Labor Laws Mining Laws Notary Laws Oil and Gas Laws Patent and Trademarks Laws Political Laws Property Laws Securities and Stock Market Laws Social Security Laws Tax Laws Torts Laws Tourism Laws Transfer of Technology Laws Transportation Laws Trust Laws Water Laws Miscellaneous State Material Appendix: Directory of Publishers Author Index Subject Index