Transportation Fees Research Articles

Optimization of the Water-Energy Nexus in Hydraulic Fracturing Processes Using CO2 and Water as Fracturing Fluids

Hydraulic fracturing has paved the way for the extraction of substantial quantities of shale gas. Traditionally, water (in significant quantities) has been used as the primary fracturing fluid. In addition to the significant water usage in fracturing, large quantities of shale gas wastewater have been generated. Driven by the need for better management of water resources in hydraulic fracturing, the introduction of CO2 (captured from industrial emissions) has been considered an element in the fracturing fluid. This paper proposes a mathematical programming formulation to synthesize the best configuration for the use of water and CO2 associated with shale gas hydraulic fracturing operations while taking into account the fluctuations in water availability, generation of CO2, and the flowback water based on a time horizon. The proposed formulation incorporates a strategic planning that minimizes the total annual cost (TAC) considering water requirements, generation and capture of CO2, as well as the capacity of the equipment for treatment technologies, transportation fees, storage units, and disposal. A case study is presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed methodology. The results show that at a higher percentage of CO2 in the fracturing fluid, the TAC increases but the freshwater required decreases. Furthermore, the trade-offs and impact of freshwater availability have been identified.

Studi Potensi Keberlanjutan Transportasi Umum Di Belinyu Kabupaten Bangka

Public transportation has significant role to regulates human mobility to be effective. But, people in Belinyu has low interest towards public transportation. Public transportation is now decreasing and the malfunction terminal cause the appearance of phantom terminal. This research is to analyze the sustainability of public transportation in Belinyu. The data was obtain from distribution of questionnaire to passengers and drivers, interview for the owner of public transportation company, Belinyu District Office, and Bangka District Transportation Office. There are 407 passenger respondents who came from 12 villages in Belinyu with 45,193 population. The sustainability of public transportation in Belinyu can be determined from the indicators with SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) analyze which divisible from 4 quadrant. Indicators with percentage more than 50% (satisfying) are the depature accuracy (61%), public transportation condition (63%), pleasurable (57%), safety (56%), and fee (61%). The main indicators with 10% percentage are the existence of public transportation ang supporting facilities. From the results, public transportation in Belinyu still has the sustainability potential but it needs improvement of terminal service and public transporation existence, because this indicators are not enough for fill up the respondents satisfaction.

Perception of Tele-dermatology Consultation among Social Media Users

Introduction: Tele-dermatology is significant for faster delivery of health care particularly in geographically isolated areas. Objectives: To know the perceptions of tele-dermatology consultation among social media users in terms of impact, their willingness to pay for the consultation and the barrier they may have during the consultation. Materials and Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional study was done on 360 social media users online regarding impact (time and cost), willingness to pay and the barriers of tele-dermatology consultation by using the questionnaire. Results: Participants believed the services to be time saving (91.7%) and cost effective (89.2%). Majority (70.3%) were willing to pay for services and 30.8% agreed NRs.400 fee and 37.2% agreed NRs.200 fee. Those willing to pay less than NRs 200 felt “services not being 100% reliable (59.3%), OPD price being cheaper (48.1%), saving doctor’s time too (38.3%), Wi-Fi and mobile data also cost (22.2%) and transportation fee could not be accounted to the doctor’s fee (13.6%)”. While participants not willing to pay any money responded as the services not being 100% reliable (60.7%) and preferred to visit OPD for consultation (47.7%) if paying the price. The barrier in using tele-dermatology were dissimilarity from face-to-face interaction, poor networking in rural area, unavailability of physical examination, low camera quality leading to misdiagnosis and not convenient for multiple lesions. Conclusion: The impact of tele-dermatology in terms of cost and time is appreciable. However, for better service implementation the barriers of the participants, needs to be evaluated

YARD WASTE COMPOSTING AS A VIABLE COST REDUCTION PROCESS

Yard waste consist of garden waste, generated by public parks and private gardens routine maintenance such as grass clippings, leaves from deciduous trees, flowers, fallen fruits, branches, twigs and logs and its composition vary greatly depending on the original location due to climate and other environmental conditions. Yard waste may represent a problem to Municipal Solid Waste Management Programs due to its large volume thus, it is necessary to incentivize local composting programs. In this study we show a brief disposal cost estimation from different cities from United States of America and Canada and we discuss how this biowaste can be managed in order to reduce costs with storage, transportation and disposal fees, encouraging the utilization of the final product as a soil amendment, stimulating and reinforcing the circular economy concept. The composted yard waste may not substitute the use of commercial products but it can reduce the cost of acquisition of this soil conditioner as well costs waste management. Update in environmental public policies is essential to foment sustainable economy in this context.

The Employee Welfare Program in PT. Royal Coconut Gorontalo District

The purpose of this study was to determine the employee welfare program in PT. Royal Coconut Gorontalo district. The method used was qualitative, data was collected through observation, interviews and literature studies. The number of informants was 20 people. The data obtained relates to the welfare of the employees of PT. Royal Coconut, Gorontalo District, which was then analyzed through categorization and data reduction. The results showed that the theory put forward by Hasibuan about the types of welfare programs when compared with the welfare programs implemented at PT. Most of Royal Coconut is still not in accordance with what is happening in the field due to the fact in the research location that the employee welfare program has not been maximally implemented in terms of economics such as pension, food and transport fees. In terms of facilities such as arts, education funds, and cooperative activities and in terms of services such as pickups, babysitting, legal assistance, financial advisors, insurance and home loans, as well as free health clinic services in companies, they still tend to be limited due to insufficient supply of medicines and doctors and nurses who are often not in the clinic during employee working hours. From the results of the study concluded that the employee welfare is not good because PT. Royal Coconut has not implemented maximum employee welfare services in terms of economy, facilities, and welfare services.

Not all fees are created equal: Equity implications of ride-hail fee structures and revenues

Ride-hailing is a source of opportunity and consternation for cities, adding both expanded mobility options and added challenges such as increased congestion. In an effort to curb congestion—and to tap a new source of revenue—some US cities and states have imposed fees on ride-hail trips. Fees are far from uniform; the fee bases, amounts levied, and use of these funds once collected range considerably between cities and states. Despite previous research that transportation fee and revenue outlay structures affect equity outcomes, no research to date has examined the equity implications of ride-hail fees. This paper addresses this gap in understanding and asks: 1) what are the geographic equity implications of ride-hail fee structures; and 2) how might equity outcomes vary by how fee revenues are allocated? I answer these questions using ride-hail fee policies from 24 US cities and states, and trip-level data from over 97 million ride-hail trips taken in 2018 and 2019 in the City of Chicago. Examining trips serving low-, middle-, and high-income neighborhoods, I analyze geographic equity implications under five different fee scenarios. Variable fee structures that reflect trip factors including trip distance, pooling, location, and time of day offer the most promising geographic equity outcomes. The examined fee scenarios would raise between $30 and $122 million per year for the City of Chicago; more than three-quarters of ride-hail fee revenues are generated from trips that begin or end in high-income areas and could represent a substantial redistribution of resources from high-to low-income areas and/or travelers depending on how revenues are spent. Cities or states seeking to implement or adjust ride-hail fees should identify concrete equity goals and design fee structures and revenue streams to meet these objectives.

Economic Evaluation of an Ammonia-Fueled Ammonia Carrier Depending on Methods of Ammonia Fuel Storage

This study proposed two concepts for ammonia fuel storage for an ammonia-fueled ammonia carrier and evaluated these concepts in terms of economics. The first concept was to use ammonia in the cargo tank as fuel and the second concept was to install an additional independent fuel tank in the vessel. When more fuel tanks were installed, there was no cargo loss. However, there were extra costs for fuel tanks. The target ship was an 84,000 m3 ammonia carrier (very large gas carrier, VLGC). It traveled from Kuwait to South Korea. The capacity of fuel tanks was 4170 m3, which is the required amount for the round trip. This study conducted an economic evaluation to compare the two proposed concepts. Profits were estimated based on sales and life cycle cost (LCC). Results showed that sales were USD 1223 million for the first concept and USD 1287 million for the second concept. Profits for the first and second concepts were USD 684.3 million and USD 739.5 million, respectively. The second concept showed a USD 53.1 million higher profit than the first concept. This means that the second concept, which installed additional independent fuel tanks was better than the first concept in terms of economics. Sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the influence of given parameters on the results. When the ammonia fuel price was changed by ±25%, there was a 15% change in the profits and if the ammonia (transport) fee was changed by ±25%, there was a 45% change in the profits. The ammonia fuel price and ammonia (cargo) transport fee had a substantial influence on the business of ammonia carriers.

Overview of challenges faced by refugees following resettlement in Houston, Texas: a qualitative study at five refugee resettlement agencies

PurposeThis paper aims to conduct a qualitative needs assessment to explore the effectiveness of Houston’s refugee resettlement efforts in the areas of employment, health care and education.Design/methodology/approachUsing referral sampling, the authors identified refugee community leaders and staff members at the five refugee resettlement agencies in Houston. The authors conducted 29 qualitative interviews with these contacts from February–August 2017.FindingsRecently resettled refugees may struggle to find and maintain employment in Houston due to difficulty accessing public transportation. Refugees seeking medical care in Houston often have difficulty navigating the complexities of the health-care system and communicating with their physicians due to language barriers. Finally, refugee children may have trouble adapting to Houston public schools, sometimes because they have limited experience with formal education. This study provided insights into the challenges Houston refugees face during resettlement and these barriers can be mitigated with policies designed specifically to address them.Practical implicationsThe authors recommend decreasing public transportation fees for refugees, supporting programs that donate used vehicles to refugees, expanding access to English as a Second Language classes for refugee children and adults and giving refugees designated time to learn English upon arrival.Originality/valueHouston welcomes more resettled refugees than any other American city. However, few studies have explored the barriers refugees face during the resettlement process.

Valorization of forest waste biomass by catalyzed pyrolysis

Harvesting of forest residual biomass contributes to regulating wildfires during hot and dry seasons. The collected biomass can be converted into liquid biofuel by pyrolysis. Simple pyrolysis procedures such as slow pyrolysis will allow to dimension and design of mobile pyrolysis units to avoid biomass transportation fees and guarantee efficient management of forest residues. Portuguese forest wastes, particularly biomass from maritime pinus and eucalyptus globulus, were characterized by thermogravimetry and pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor, at 698 K, using commercial alkali carbonates and zeolites, bauxite ores, and marble dust as catalysts. Pyrolysis data for mixed biomasses showed the existence of synergy effects. The catalytic pyrolysis experiments led to improved bio-oil quality for all the tested catalysts. The bio-oil produced from pyrolysis with sodium carbonate was the most volatile, since the maximum peak of the volatilization rate is at 390 K, while the bio-oils produced by the remaining catalysts have maximum volatilization at 410 K. Marble dust, a waste from ornamental stones industry, revealed excellent catalytic properties during biomass pyrolysis, allowing an improved bio-oil yield with a decrease in the oxygen-containing functional groups.

Economic burden of measles and its influencing factors in Fujian, China

ABSTRACT Background Measles is a highly-contagious, serious diseases that can lead to potentially fatal illness, disability and death . We conducted an investigation to calculate the economic burden of measles cases from 2018 to 2019 and to analyze factors that influenced the total costs of measles cases in Fujian Province, China. Methods We investigated confirmed cases of measles by telephone interview, from 2018 to 2019, including demographic characteristics, therapeutic measures, self-treatment and nutritional supplement expenditure, transportation fees, and lost wages. Medical expenses in the hospitals were obtained from the hospital service charge system. Results A total of 131 measles cases were investigated, the average direct cost, indirect cost, and total cost were $518, $284, and $802, respectively. The total cost was 15.5% of Annual Per Capita Disposable Income of Households ($5 162) in Fujian. Hospitalization (OR = 98.6, 95%CI: 21.1 ~ 460.6) and complication (OR = 8.7, 95%CI: 1.3 ~ 58.0) significantly influenced the total cost according to binary logistic regression, and an outbreak of measles may pose a significant threat to household finances in a short term. Conclusions The economic burden of measles was high when compared with Annual Per Capita Disposable Income of Households. The resurgence of measles and measles outbreaks increased economic burden of household finances.

The experiences and perceptions of mental health service provision at a primary health centre in the Eastern Cape.

BackgroundSince 1994, the South African healthcare system has undergone several changes to meet the needs of contemporary South Africa. Yet the state of mental healthcare, especially in low-resource areas, remains in a precarious state.AimThis study aimed to explore how persons diagnosed with a mental disorder experience and perceive mental health services in a low-resource community in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.SettingThe study was conducted at a primary care clinic in a low resource community setting in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.MethodSemi-structured interviews were conducted with eight participants diagnosed with mental illness who had been accessing treatment for at least the past 6 months from a primary health clinic. Thematic analysis was used to analyse and identify pertinent themes.ResultsThe following themes emerged from the data: (1) perceptions of mental disorders – role of culture, (2) experiences of having mental disorders – loss of employment, (3) problem of stigma – social rejection and labelling, (4) experience of distress – sadness and frustration and (5) challenges in accessing treatment – transport fee and shortage of staff.ConclusionThis study yielded several lived experiences and perceptions in relation to participants’ feelings, opinions and interpretations of persons living with mental disorders and accessing mental health treatment in their local context. Future interventions should consider provision of more extensive professional help in the form of counsellors and social workers at the clinics, more efficient service delivery and future interventions regarding stigma should incorporate community members into the learning process.

Advantages and Weaknesses of Online Lecturing During Covid 19 Outbreak in Indonesia: Students’ Perception

This study researches the advantages and weaknesses of applying online lecturing during the pandemic period. The purposes of this research are to describe the platforms and learning applications used by lecturer-students and the advantages and weaknesses in having online lecturing. This study used descriptive case study design with 117 participants. The samples were the Islamic University of Antasari Banjarmasin, the Islamic University of Walisongo Semarang, and the University of PGRI Semarang. The writer used data reduction, data display, and data conclusion. The writer analyzed the data used a tool of qualitative data namely ATLAS.TI8. The results of this research show that the applications in conducting the online lecture are; google classroom, zoom, google meet, LMS Post Graduate, Youtube, WAG, and telegram. The advantages are that online lecturing is easy to do anywhere and more flexible, it saves pocket money, energy, time and place, materials could be repeated and saved, it only takes short time and is also fun, paperless and timeless, no need to stay at the campus, and it saves the transportation fee. The weaknesses are the time is sometimes very limited and students’ quota is sometimes insufficient, the voice is unclear, the network is easy to trouble, there is no direct feedback and evaluation, it needs adequate smartphone and quota, it has more assignments and less discussion, and the materials are difficult to understand and too short explanation.

Financing capital-constrained third party logistic firms: fourth party logistic driven financing mode vs. private lending driven financing mode

The accounts payable payment period for transportation costs is usually less than the accounts receivable cycle for transportation fees for a third-party logistic (3PL) firm in China; hence, a capital-constrained 3PL firm has a strong demand to seek credit loans from some competitive lenders (e.g., fourth-party logistic [4PL] firm or private lending [PL] organization). To investigate the attractiveness and effectiveness of different financing modes, two practical financing modes (4PL-driven and PL-driven) and an improved 4PL-driven financing mode are formulated in this work. We present a game-theoretical approach to investigate the equilibria based on the profile functions among 4PL firm (or PL), 3PL firm, supplier and retailer under different financing modes. We find that (1) the practical 4PL-driven financing mode will be the Pareto-dominant financing mode for 3PL firms, suppliers and retailers when the initial budget of the 3PL firm falls below a certain level. (2) The 4PL firm's profit is always higher when using the improved 4PL-driven financing mode. (3) The 4PL firm should use the practical 4PL-driven financing mode for start-up 3PL firms to support their growth; but when they grow to a certain scale, the 4PL firm should use the improved 4PL-driven financing mode to enhance its profit.

Institutional approach to assessing the transition to a circular economy: the case of the Kaliningrad region

The article discusses possible reasons for the failure of Russia’s waste management industry reform and highlights the ownership blurring as a factor that may hinder the transition to a circular economy, which has been proposed as one of the outcomes of the reform. This study aims to address possible obstacles to transitioning to a circular economy in the Kaliningrad region. Methodologically, the study uses instruments of new institutional economics: by comparing discrete institutional alternatives for municipal solid waste (MSW) management, the authors propose incentive schemes that will likely stimulate the transition to a circular economy in the region. It is shown that, in Russia, the identification of the holder of the property right to waste is complicated. This can be a hindrance to effective MSW management. Moreover, objects handled by MSW management services may fall into different types, but at the same time, it is possible to transfer objects from one type to another. One of the ways to improve the exclusion of services of MSW utilization is the introduction of incentive tariffs. Low-rise housing in the Kaliningrad region makes it an ideal region for the introduction of such a scheme. When calculating the unsorted waste transport fee, a multiplier can be used to reduce the payment for waste-separating households. This can serve as an additional incentive for overcoming collective action problem in MSW collecting and sorting. To prevent social resistance to such a policy, incentive schemes should be implemented on a voluntary basis.

The Factors Causing The Emerging of Transactional Politics in The Local Election in East Kalimantan 2005 From The Perspective of Siyasah Syar'iyyah

This study examines the practice of the Pilkada (Regional election) that took place in East Kalimantan in 2005. The aim is to obtain an overview of the extent to which the democratic process meets the quality standards desired by law and society at large. Based on the findings of the research, the quality standard is not met optimally due to the emergence of several fraudulent practices, one of which is in the form of transactional politics. Transactional politics or what in an Islamic perspective is called risywah (bribery) are strongly prohibited in legislation and haram in Islamic law. However, the reality is that such practices still take place in certain ways, such as gifts, shadaqah, wages, transport fees, and several other ways to get rid of the impression of bribery. This phenomenon occurs due to several factors including 1) weak regulation and law enforcement; 2) weak understanding of politics; 3) weak community ethics; 4) economic factors.

Implementation of MVC (Model-View-Controller) Concept in Develop Management Information System for Transportation Fees (Uang Jalan Operasional) and Revenue in Trucking Companies

Implementation of MVC (Model-View-Controller) Concept in Develop Management Information System for Transportation Fees (Uang Jalan Operasional) and Revenue in Trucking Companies

Analysis of the burden of coal worker's pneumoconiosis disease in a mining group

Objective: To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis and the formulation of relevant policies, this paper discusses the loss of health life and economic loss caused by coal worker's pneumoconiosis in a mining group. Methods: From March to October 2017, 1262 cases of coal worker's pneumoconiosis were diagnosed in a mining group from 1972 to 2013. The direct and indirect economic losses are calculated by the step-by-step model method. Direct economic losses include medical expenses, one-time disability allowance, disability allowance, funeral allowance, one-time work death allowance, living and nursing expenses, food allowance, pension for supporting relatives and transportation expenses, etc. Indirect economic losses includes loss of social productivity, additional training fee for new employees, transportation fee for accompanying family members, loss of social productivity of accompanying family members, loss of production suspension and production reduction, etc. Life table method was used to calculate the loss of social productivity caused by coal worker's pneumoconiosis. Results: All 1262 coal worker's pneumoconiosis patients were male. In the stage of pneumoconiosis, 95.40% (1204/1262) of the first stage of pneumoconiosis and 42.62% (538/1262) of the seventh stage of disability. The age of diagnosis (22.02-71.33) was 47.38 years on average. 1262 coal worker's pneumoconiosis patients caused a total of 9068.54 years of health life loss, of which YLD accounted for 93.56% (8484.69/9068.54) . The loss of YLD (0.06-33.30) years in 1262 coal worker's pneumoconiosis patients was 6.70 years per capita. The total economic loss of 1262 coal workers with pneumoconiosis was 2842185447.70 yuan, with a per capita of 2252127.93 yuan. The direct economic loss accounted for 81.59% (2318990168.46/2842185447.70) , which was 4.42 times of the indirect economic loss. Among the direct economic loss per capita, medical expenses accounted for a large proportion of 50.04% (919510.84/1837551.64) . The per capita indirect economic loss is 414576.29 yuan. The loss of social productivity accounted for 56.18% (232908.95/414576.29) . Conclusion: Coal worker's pneumoconiosis causes heavy economic burden and serious loss of social productivity.

Safety Standard Of River Transportation (Speedboat) In Musi Port Of River Pasar 16 Ilir Palembang

South Sumatra is one of the provinces that has a large area of ​​water. Musi River is the main means of transportation in several sub-districts in South Sumatra. The problem discussed in this study is "What is the safety standard for river transportation passengers (speed boat) at Musi river Pasar 16 Ilir Palembang?" The purpose of this study was to determine the safety standards for river transportation (speedboat) passengers in the Musi River flow area at Pasar 16 Ilir, Palembang. The results of this study are expected to be useful for the teaching of literary readers, and for further researchers.1) for passengers, this research can be used as a reference in knowing passenger rights for safety in travel. 2) for the driver, this research can increase professionalism in driving, it can be used in increasing service to passengers and increasing professionalism of drivers and developing plans for the development of transportation infrastructure in the Musi River in Palembang. The method used by researchers is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Based on the results of research and discussion, safety standards for speedboat passengers in the Musi River flow area, there are several Minister of Transportation regulations that have not been implemented, such as emergency exits on large speedboats, the absence of traffic signs in the Musi River area which causes the speedboat driver to not know the state of the river like the presence of trees and stones in the water. Safety equipment such as life jackets or life jackets, and buoys amount to only around 10% per boat. There is no record of the passenger, the passenger pays the transportation fee directly to the driver.

Increasing small- and medium-enterprise contribution to local and regional economic growth by assessing the institutional environment

PurposeA neo-institutional methodology defines the entrepreneurial environment for SMEs as a multidimensional set of interacting formal/informal institutions influencing regional economic growth. Acknowledging the multidimensional nature of SME growth, this study tests an approach to measure SME institutional environment quality through the identification of regional-level determinants.Design/methodology/approachThe method used in this paper is based on Brunset al.’s (2017) model and is tested on 81 Russian Federation regions. The approach seeks to determine variation in entrepreneurial ecosystems based on quality and estimated marginal effects of difference across geographical regions.FindingsThe most severe obstacle to SME development in Russia is its shadow economy and corruption. Access to finance, high transportation fees, and instability in the political and economic field ranks second and third, respectively. Results suggest governments should eliminate main obstacles at country-level, which hampers the SME sector's development. While this is noted for this case looking at Russia, this is a common argument found in SME research.Practical implicationsFindings from this study are useful in managerial practice, aimed at increasing innovative development and increasing the competitiveness of Russian SMEs. A neo-institutional approach is one of the theoretical strands with the emphasis on enhanced understanding of organizational behavior and social capital, including cultural norms and beliefs.Originality/valueUtilizing an extended empirical approach to assess the institutional environment for SMEs addresses a research gap – offering novel insight on SME growth useful for policy makers. The results can inform managerial practices to increase SME contribution to economic growth.

Comparative Techno-Economic Study of Solar Thermal Power Plants with Various Capacities: A Case for the Northern Part of Cameroon

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the commercial use of different solar thermal power technologies in the northern part of Cameroon. For this, a techno-economic study highlighting the design of each technology using various capacities of the studied plant. The main objective was to carry out, technical, economic and financial parameters able to attract investors for the use of such kinds of technology to generate electricity in these provinces [G1] having a good direct normal irradiation estimated at 2145kWh/m2/year and meet at the energy demand of population living with less than 10% electrification rate in rural area. During this study, we considered some technical paramet[G2] ers as total annual DNI received by solar field, Field thermal output, thermal system transfer rated, overall energy efficiency and yearly electricity production. The last parameter was a key parameter for techno-economic analysis of the studied system.[G3] Some parameters as the payback period (PBP), internal rated return (IRR), net present value (NPV) and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) have been found out during the economic analysis. The bonus carbon can be allowed to a company because of the good electricity generation has been applied during the calculation of these parameters. Other parameters as the initial investment and incentives from the government or financial named in this study have been considered also. The [G4] environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) related to this purpose give a priority to criteria as grid, land and water access and use for electricity generating. Then, the ESIA study has been considered as a key parameter for Multi-Criteria Decision Maker. The studied systems had various range capacity starting from 5 MW to 100 MW and their analysis in the sub-Saharan region[G5] shown that, the cost of installed kW for concentrating solar technologies (CST) varies between 4550 – 6745 US Dollar , 5240 – 9365 US Dollar and 5100 - 6290 US Dollar and the levelized cost of electricity per kWh varies between 10.22-13.22 USD cents, 11.07-19.81 USD cents and 14.63-15.6 USD cents for Parabolic trough collector(PTC), Solar Tower (ST) and Linear Fresnel (LF) respectively. The solar tower technology can't be efficient compared to other techniques for the thermal power plant (TPP) under 10 MW[G6] [G7] [G8] e due to the initial investment. It important to add this, the cost of installed kW in the sub-Saharan region is higher[G9] than order region because of transportation fees, the lake of solar thermal manufactures for insulation and piping system, metal structure and expertise related to total indirect cost such as engineering procurement construction and advanced ESIA services in this area. The support of financial institution through CER/TAX and a similar approach in addition to existing subvention[G10] [G11] s for such technology can decrease considerably both payback period and feed-in-tariff (FİT) price of the studied system and contribute to developing the sector [G12] by creating an attractive market for investors.