Transportation Equipment Industry Research Articles

Underwater dissimilar friction stir lap welding of aluminum alloy and CFRTP

Underwater dissimilar friction stir lap welding of aluminum alloy and CFRTP

Does Japanese Manufacturing FDI in ASEAN5 Facilitate Trade?

manufacturing companies, but their expansion slowed in the early 2000s due to the rise of China. However, since the 2010s, amid tensions between Japan and China, as well as between the US and China, the ASEAN region has gained attention as an alternative destination. The paper analyzes the impact of changes in Japanese FDI in the manufacturing sector on trade between Japan and target countries. The analysis focuses on FDI in all 12 sectors of manufacturing in the five major ASEAN countries from 2007 to 2019 and estimates using gravity equations. Given the importance of distance variables in gravity equations, a random effects model is used for estimation. The results indicate that Japanese FDI in the transportation equipment, electronic equipment, and chemical and pharmaceutical industries had a positive correlation with trade with ASEAN5 countries, but no significant results were found in other sectors. Moreover, in transportation equipment and chemical and pharmaceutical industries, the import effect was greater than the export effect. With the Japanese government providing subsidies to manufacturing companies relocating production hubs to ASEAN from 2020 onwards, an increase in trade volume between these countries and Japan is expected in the future.

Effect of anodic oxide layer on friction stir spot welding between anodized A5052 and CFRTP

Dissimilar joining between carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) and metal has attracted attention of transportation equipment industry for reduction of weight and cost by multi-material structure. Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) between anodized A5052 (AO-A5052) and carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) was investigated for the improvement of joining strength. Average tensile shear strength of AO-A5052/CFRTP joint was 2505 N and more than 500 N higher than that of untreated-A5052/CFRTP joint. In the AO-A5052/CFRTP joint, probe plunge induced cracks and microwrinkles in the anodic oxide layer on the weld surface. Matrix resin was immersed into the cracks and the microwrinkles underneath of the shoulder of the welding tool. Reinforced carbon fiber and matrix resin was immersed into large crack at the outer peripheral corner of probe. Thus, those increased the joining strength by mechanical anchoring effect. Thermal stress test and machining stress test were performed for revealing the mechanism of cracking of anodic oxide layer. Although thermal stress did not generate cracks in the anodic oxide layer, machining stress by probe plunge generated cracks in the anodic oxide layer. The generated cracks in anodic oxide layer underneath of the shoulder were distorted to the rotating direction of welding tool by the friction stirring.

Determination of Financial Distress in Transportation Equipment Industry: Evidence from Indonesia

Determination of Financial Distress in Transportation Equipment Industry: Evidence from Indonesia

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE INPUT OUTPUT STRUCTURE OF DKI JAKARTA PROVINCE IN 2016 AND 2024: USING THE DYNAMIC INPUT OUTPUT (DIO) MODEL

This study aims to look at the estimated structural changes in the input output table for DKI Jakarta Province in 2024. Estimates for changes in the structure are obtained by making projections of the input-output table for DKI Jakarta Province in 2024 using the Dynamic Input Output (DIO) model, namely by embedding the econometric model into the input output model, using the 2016 based year, 52 economic sectors, and 22 data series from 2000 to 2021.DIO is a hybrid model that places more emphasis on non-survey aspects that combines macro-econometric equations with identity equations in input-output analysis. This model has many dynamic equations consisting of 425 equation model. The parameters value of the equation are estimated using a combination of three estimation methods: (1) Ordinary Least Square, (2) First Order of Autoregressive, and (3) Second Order of Autoregressive. The general balance value in the DIO model is formulated using the Gauss-Seidel iteration "RAS" method.The results of the study show that in 2024 the corporate services sector, the chemical, pharmaceutical and traditional medicine industry sector, and the transportation equipment industry sector are the dominant sectors in shaping changes in the structure of intermediate demand. The Construction Sector, the Corporate Services sector, and the transportation equipment industry sector are the dominant sectors shaping changes in the structure of intermediate input. The construction sector, the real estate sector, and the wholesale and retail trade sector, not cars and motorcycles, are the dominant sectors in shaping changes in the structure of final demand. For the gross value added component, the Wholesale and Retail Trade sector, Not Cars and Motorcycles, the Private Information and Communication sector, and the Financial Intermediary Services sector other than the Central Bank are the largest sectors in the formation of structural changes.

Development of China's Marine Transportation Equipment Industry

Development of China's Marine Transportation Equipment Industry

Capital Structure Decisions of Listed Firms in Transport Equipment Industry in India

Aims: The study predominantly attempts to examine the capital structure decisions of listed firms in Transport Equipment Industry by analyzing the relationship between leverage and profitability.
 Study Design: Descriptive research design is used to describe the characteristics of the firms belonging to industry. The study envisages an extensive use of data extracted from professional database CMIE prowess and from reports Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Annual Survey of Industries and Satista.
 Place and Duration of Study: The sample for the study consists of all listed firms National Stock Exchange (NSE) affiliated under Transport equipment Industry (CMIE classification). There were totally 86 firms as on 31st March 2018. The relevant data sets are retrieved for a period of 10 years (2008-2018). Thus, a panel data of 860 different observations were considered for study.
 Methodology: To analyze the data collected, Econometric model for longitudinal data with repeated measures known as Hierarchical linear regression model is adopted. This helps in estimation of industry grand mean, segment mean and firm mean for multilevel nested data.
 Results: The result of the study indicates that segment means are approximately equal to industry mean of 0.2898. Further, the segment-level means of all eight segments follows normal distribution with firms having high and low leverage firms. Finally, the firm-level variance is comparably high indicating that firms’ influence on capital structure decisions is predominant of all in this industry which has been found to be consistent over past decade.
 Conclusion: The underleveraged firms in Transport Equipment Industry exhibit relatively higher average Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) compared to optimal leveraged firms. On the other hand, overleveraged firms indicate inverse relationship with profitability. This is justified by the pecking order theory that higher profitable firms incorporate internally generated funds available at lower cost compared to external financing.

Development of Metal and Machinery Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in West Lombok Regency with the Blue Ocean Strategy Approach

Blue Ocean Strategy aims to open new market share to minimize competition with similar competitors. After receiving a touch from the West Lombok Regency Industry and Trade Service (Prindag Lobar), the Metal and Machinery Community Activity Unit in West Lombok initially produced gates, trellises and other similar works, creating quite a lot of competition. So that with the guidance of the Service which offers solutions with the Blue Ocean Strategy, the metal and machine industry (SMEs) in West Lombok Regency can compete. This study used a qualitative method, data obtained from in-depth interviews with section heads of the metal, machine, electronics and transportation equipment (ILMEA) industry, descriptive analysis and source triangulation. This article reveals that Blue Ocean Strategy manufactures metal products and machinery in different segments. The Blue Ocean Strategy segment is offered in the form of changing the mindset and technical skills of metal and machining (SME) players. Metal and machinery SMEs are trained to manufacture machine products needed by the food and beverage industry. One of the concrete steps is the manufacture of machines for making palm sugar machines, coffee roasting machines and other processing machines. This has an impact on the shift of the metal and machine SME segment from household products to processed machine products.

The Main Region’s Global Value Chain (GVC) and Its Implications in Korea

Purpose This study aims to analyze the main region’s global value chain in Korea, and to present policies that can appropriately respond to the international trade environment based on the current situation. Design/Methodology/Approach Value-added decomposition methodology and WIOD data were collected and used to examine the current global value chain. The method in this research can distinguish the overestimated volume in gross trade, and divides it into domestic and foreign value added, including pure double counting exports. Findings The analysis results show that the participation of the forward industry increased slightly compared to the participation of the backward industry. In particular, the transportation equipment industry was evaluated as having made stable entry into the global market through high value-added goods. Although GVCs in Korea are developing in forward linkage industries, when divided it into regions, the results can be quite different. Research Implications We expect the protectionism and decoupling between the US and China will last for the time being due to the loss of WTO functions. As we have seen in the GVC structure of Korea, the difference in the regional trade structure may be different in the size of damage depending on external effects. Thus, it is necessary to transform the economic structure into high-tech industry by region in order to minimize the damage of radical changes in international trade circumstances by supplying essential intermediate goods in the global market.

Japan-AfCFTA Integration through Economic Impacts of Alternative EPA Scenarios -Examination of the GTAP 10A MRIO Database

This paper analyzes the impact on an economic partnership agreement (EPA) between African countries and Japan through trade liberalization and reduction in non-tariff barriers. This study aims to investigate sectoral interconnections and participation in the EPA that would facilitate further possible opportunities for the JapanAfrican businesses. The methodology employed is the Computable General Equilibrium model integrated with the Global Trade Analysis Project version 10A Multi-Region Input-Output database. We first modified the GTAP’s structure form to develop a long-run closure under steady-state and thereafter examined the African Continental Free Trade Area-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (AfJEPA) with several EPAs scenarios relying on the quantitative comparison of economic impacts of different technical measurements. As a result, the AfJEPA can provide new possible opportunities for Africa-Japan businesses, such as contributing to the existing African and Japanese mega-regional trade agreements. Specifically, the electronics, petroleum and coal, and chemical, rubber, and plastic industries in Africa would see the highest percent growth. Likewise, the Japanese industries would improve their productivity in the motor vehicles and transport equipment, chemical, rubber, and plastic, and textiles and apparel industries. To sum up, trade facilitation and knowledge transfer, which policymakers can improve concrete action and investment, would considerably stimulate African and Japanese real GDP. Thus, potential growth would rely on deep regulation policy through a degree of openness and initial level of trade barriers to each country.

Efforts Improving Forming Technology for Ultra-High-Strength Steel Sheets in the Western Part of Shizuoka Prefecture

The transportation equipment industry is flourishing in the western part of Shizuoka prefecture, and many manufacturers of automobile parts are concentrated. In recent years, due to the weight reduction and safety improvement of transportation equipment, high-strength and difficult-to-process high-strength steel plate stamped parts have been widely used in automobiles. Improving the molding technology is a major issue for the region. Here, "Hamamatsu UHSS Research Group," a collaborative group of industry, academia and government to improve the cold press manufacturing technology for high-strength steel sheets in the region is introduced.

Global and regional shock transmission: an Asian perspective

This paper constructs and uses the global input–output (GIO) table with 35 industries, 29 endogenous countries and 59 exogenous countries, and develops new indices to measure the degree of shock transmission in terms of intermediate goods and value-added embodied in production induced by negative global demand shock to finished goods. After the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in 2008, China did not experience a large decline in economic growth, even though China’s gross exports fell most severely among Asian countries. In contrast, a sharp decrease in Japanese GDP in 2009 is a consequence of a substantial decline in finished goods exports, especially in the transport equipment industry. In Japan, the shock effect tends to be absorbed in its domestic sector and is not transmitted to other foreign countries. An asymmetric pattern of shock transmission between Japan and other Asian countries can explain why Japan was more affected by GFC than other Asian countries.

A new assessment of economic integration in East Asia: Application of an industry-specific G-PPP model

It is well known that intra-industry trade and cross-border production networks have promoted economic growth and regional integration in East Asia. However, regional supply and production chains may have been formed differently across industries, reflecting different degrees and a different scope of regional economic linkages at an industry level. This paper makes a threefold contribution. First, to assess industry-level differences, this study adopts the generalized purchasing power parity (G-PPP) model using industry-specific producer prices. Second, the momentum threshold autoregressive (M-TAR) model is employed to allow for possible nonlinearity arising from the dynamic nature of regional economic growth and development. Third, the Granger causality test is also conducted to assess whether regional economies have autonomously integrated. The empirical results reveal that economic integration has progressed more autonomously in the electrical industry, as well as in the transportation equipment industry, as China and the ASEAN countries have become the final destination markets for finished products in these two industries.

Sectoral effects of the Japan-EU Economic Partnership Agreement for the European Union countries

This paper assesses the economic impact of the Japan-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (JEEPA) on all EU member states as well as Japan. The novelty of this study is that it refers to all EU countries and provides an overview of the expected output effects of JEEPA for all member states in a detailed sectoral breakdown. This impact is investigated using the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) framework. Calculations revealed that economic returns from JEEPA vary among the EU countries. Some of the more highly developed EU countries will experience beneficial effects from tariff reductions to a greater extent than others, while some of the newer, less-developed EU members will experience losses, caused by the lower competitiveness of these countries. Beneficial effects in the EU countries are expected mainly in the primary sector industries like meat and animal products, leather, grains, and crops; while in Japan, economic gains are expected in the motor vehicle and transport equipment industries. Despite the overall optimism accompanying the signing of the JEEPA, it is worth paying attention to the sectors that are expected to shrink as a result.

Does the import diversity of inputs mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19 on global value chains?

This study sheds light on the role of the import diversity of inputs and explores the effects of COVID-19 on global value chains (GVCs). Using monthly export data of final machinery products for 35 countries and indicators of diversity with 252 trade partner countries, we investigate the supply-side effects of COVID-19 on GVCs during the period from January to August 2020 and examine how the import diversity of inputs influences such effects. As a result, we find the negative supply-side effects in all three machinery industries, with the greatest ones in the transport equipment industry. In addition, such negative impacts on machinery industries are larger during the trade–fall period from February to May 2020. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the import diversity of inputs had a significant influence in partially mitigating the harmful supply-side effects of COVID-19, particularly during the early period of February–March 2020.

Inter-provincial sectoral embodied CO2 net-transfer analysis in China based on hypothetical extraction method and complex network analysis

To address the CO2 emissions issue, China promised to increase its nationally determined contributions, trying to reach a CO2 emissions peak by 2030. For optimizing emission reduction policies, it is important to clarify the CO2 linkage structure and transfer characteristics. Previous research mainly focused on the calculation and comparison of CO2 linkage at the national level or the regional level and lacked inter-provincial sector-sector transfer analysis. This study uses hypothetical extraction method (HEM) to calculate the inter-provincial sectoral linkages of embodied CO2 in 2012 and 2015, providing a new perspective for sectoral CO2 linkage studies in China. We use net transfer to reveal the impact of provincial trade on the embodied CO2 emissions, and identify key CO2 emitter sectors. Combined with complex networks, we describe the clustering feature visualized and identify the transfer media sectors. The results are as follows: (1) the key sectors with large linkage are mainly the heavy industries located in North China. The electricity industry has the largest net CO2 outflow as the energy supplier, whereas the construction industry has the largest net inflow as the driving sector. (2) The CO2 transfer networks present closely connected and spatial clustering features, reflecting the embodied CO2 linkage between geographically adjacent sectors closer. (3) The important media sectors are mostly located in northwest China with small industrial scale and linkage degrees, such as the transport equipment industry in Shanxi. Emission reduction policies should be overall planned and tailored to local conditions. Consequently, possible policy implications of the results are discussed, which could provide additional insights for CO2 mitigation.

Study on the Relationship Between Employee Satisfaction and Corporate Performance in Japan via Text Mining

For the past 30 years, under the stagnant Japanese economy, companies have adopted various management strategies, and employees’ sense of values has become more diverse. In this study, we conduct research on the relationship between employee satisfaction and corporate performance.Although survey-based methods are used as a common approach to assessing employee satisfaction, we determined employee satisfaction by performing sentiment analysis based on online reviews of employees. In addition, we developed two performance indicators based on financial cash flow figures, which include the growth rate of operating cash flow and the ratio of investing cash flow to operating cash flow. These figures demonstrate corporate operating cash flow performance, as well as management’s attitude toward investment. By analyzing Japanese companies in the information and communication, electric appliance, and transportation equipment industries, we obtained three findings: 1) the companies with high operating cash flow growth affects or are positively affected by employee satisfaction with “Accomplishment” and “Promotion,” 2) the companies with low operating cash flow growth and aggressive investment over operating cash flow affect or are affected by variations in employee satisfaction with “Accomplishment,” 3) the companies in information and communication industry with high operating cash flow growth and aggressive investment over operating cash flow negatively affect or are affected by employee satisfaction with “corporate atmosphere.”

The Effect of Transformational Leadership and the Work Environment on Employee Satisfaction

This study aims to determine the effect of transformational leadership and work environment on employee job satisfaction. Data was collected through questionnaires with a sample of 100 respondents who are employees of the Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia, Directorate General of Metal, Machinery, Transportation Equipment, and Electronics (ILMATE) Industries. The technique used to analyze the research data is by using multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of calculations and analysis of existing research data, it shows that. (1) transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction, (2) work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction, (3) transformational leadership and work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction.

WITHDRAWN: Flexural property evaluation of foam core sandwich panel with carbon/kevlar epoxy hybrid facesheets

Abstract The Sandwich composites are extensively used in transportation, aerospace, marine and sports equipment industries. These types of composites are used because of the superior flexural properties exhibited over the monolithic laminates without any substantial addition in weight of the construction. The hybrid sandwich composites are a novel variety of composite sandwich materials which uses different reinforcement in the facing sheet or in the core. The hybrid composites are employed where tailor made properties are needed like combination of impact and flexural strength is desired. This paper describes the manufacture of hybrid plain weave fabric carbon/kevlar face sheet foam core sandwich panels of monolithic Type-I [C/C/Foam/C/C], Type-II [K/K/Foam/K/K], Type-III interply [C/K/Foam/K/C], Type-IV [K/C/Foam/C/K] and Type-V intraply [H/H/Foam/H/H] using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) process. The hybrid specimens were subjected to experimental - three point bending test and compared with the monolithic face sheet sandwich specimens. Comparing the interply Type-IV [K/C/Foam/C/K] and Type-III [C/K/Foam/K/C] sandwich panel intraply panel there is a maximum bending load carrying capacity enhancement of 46.10% and 62.84% increase when compared with the Type-V [H/H/Foam/H/H] sandwich panel respectively. Excellent correlation is observed in the comparison of analytical expressions for peak load to the experimental plots.

How Japanese firms can weather endaka periods: Evidence from the transportation equipment industry

Japan has experienced several appreciation episodes. These appreciations may squeeze profit margins and lower export volumes. This paper investigates whether firms can weather appreciation periods by producing differentiated rather than commoditized products. To do this it investigates different sectors within the Japanese transportation equipment industry. Results from estimating pricing-to-market (PTM) coefficients indicate that firms producing differentiated products can pass-through more of exchange rate appreciations into higher foreign currency prices and thus better preserve their profit margins. Results from estimating trade elasticities are consistent with the PTM results and indicate that the automobile industry has exported much less than predicted after the yen depreciated in 2012. Finally, estimates of the stock market exposure across sectors indicates that the profitability of firms producing differentiated products is less exposed to appreciations. Producing differentiated, knowledge-intensive goods can thus help firms to survive endaka periods.