Transportation Engineering Research Articles

Analisa Pengaruh Hambatan Samping terhadap Kinerja Ruas Jalan pada Jalan Raya Kedu, Reco Kabupaten Wonosobo

According to the 1997 Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI), a road section is defined as the length of the road between and not influenced by major signalized or unsignalized intersections and has the same characteristics along the entire length of the road. Side obstacles are one of the factors causing traffic jams. Traffic jams are caused by an imbalance between the increase in vehicle ownership and the growth in available road infrastructure, as well as the effective capacity of existing road sections being smaller than the planned road capacity due to roadside obstacles. Traffic engineering is needed to monitor and maintain the continuity of transportation. According to the Institute of Transportation Engineers, USA, Traffic Engineering is a stage of transportation engineering which involves the design, geometric planning and traffic operations of all kinds of roads, road networks, terminals, surrounding land and relationships with other types of transportation.

Foreword

The Congress of Automotive and Transport Engineering is an annual scientific event initiated in 1990 by the Society of Automotive Engineers of Romania (SIAR) and various Romanian universities with an interest in Automotive and Transport Engineering. This Congress is endorsed by EAEC (European Automotive Engineers Cooperation). The XXXII-nd edition of SIARS’s International Congress with the theme “Automotive and Transport Engineering” and the XVII-th European Automotive Congress was organized for the third time by Department of Mechanical Machines, Equipment and Transportation from the Politehnica University Timisoara. The Congress purpose is to gather members from academia, industry and government affiliated presenting their possibilities for investigations and latest research, to achieve collaborations in the near future in the field of automotive and transport engineering. The Congress hosted 201 participants from Europe, United States of America, Moldova presenting their scientific achievements within plenary sessions and congress sections. Thus, the auditorium had the opportunity to: • Gain insight into the cutting edge automotive and transport industry and ideas for future developments; • Update their skills and knowledge by attending focused technical sessions; • Network with potential new partners, clients and suppliers; • View the latest technology products and services in the technical exhibition. The papers included in this volume were selected by the Scientific Committee amongst the ones presented within the Congress and are covering the latest issues such as advanced powertrain and propulsion, automotive design and testing, terrain vehicles, advanced engineering methods, materials, automotive technology and maintenance, road safety, mobility of things. EAEC-MVT 2022 Student Congress was integrated into the main congress and offered students from around the world the opportunity to participate at an international conference and to present their papers on the main congress topics. This was also the meeting place for the young students (SIAR junior’s members) in an International Congress. We hope that these papers will be of interest to experts from academia and industry around the world and we wish them to create a favourable framework for addressing key issues in the field of Automotive and Road Transport Engineering that concern contemporary society today. Yours faithfully, EAEC-MVT 2022 Proceedings Editors List of Acknowledgement, Organizing Committee, Sponsors are available in this Pdf.

Curving and running resistance of freight trains: current experience with on-track measurements

Curving resistance affects the railway vehicle running through curves. For its estimation in train dynamics calculations, different empirical formulas are used in various countries. It is practically impossible to determine its exact value because of its dependency on various – to some extent random – parameters. In the framework of the experimental research of running resistance of freight trains at the Faculty of Transport Engineering of the University of Pardubice, measurements in regular operation conditions on the Czech railway network were realised in recent years. Because some of these results can be used to quantify the curving resistance, the applied evaluation methods and the relevant results are presented in this paper. Besides that, a new general formula of running resistance for freight trains, based on the measurement results, is proposed. Attention is also paid to the effect of track quality on the vehicle running resistance.

Data-driven decarbonization: Optimizing P+R in Istanbul with machine learning energy modeling and ITS

Due to the rapidly developing technologies, fast and practical solutions are offered to the problems encountered in daily life. Metropolitan cities are greatly affected by the ever-increasing population and migrations to big cities, the increase in production with the economy and job opportunities. At this point, with the introduction of smart transportation systems, fast and effortless solutions can be produced by saving time and space. City life can be facilitated by applying more efficient and rational solutions with smart transportation systems. In this study, it is aimed to investigate information about the Intelligent Transportation Systems and one of its applications, park and ride, which has created a significant agenda within the scope of transportation engineering in the recent past, and to provide information about the investments made by examining the application for Istanbul along with its various applications in the world. Some suggestions will be made by emphasizing the importance of the park and Ride smart city application for Istanbul. In conclusion, predictions of P + R application and energy consumption in periods of 1–24 months were made through machine learning. By obtaining energy consumption data thanks to machine learning, carbon gas emissions and its effects on greenhouse gases were also examined. It can be thought that by obtaining energy consumption data for the long term thanks to machine learning, it can make significant contributions to future investments, green environment-green world, and climate change studies.

Effect of soil spatial variability on the stability of pipelines under horizontal loading

Submarine pipeline has been utilized more and more widely in offshore oil and gas transportation engineering. Given that these pipelines frequently subject horizontal loading during operation, thus precise predicting their horizontal bearing capacity is essential. However, most previous studies employ deterministic analysis without considering soil spatialvariability. This article introduces a two-dimensional (2D) random finite element analysis to study the horizontal pullout behaviour and failure mechanisms of a pipeline in a spatial variability soil. It is observed that the effect of soil spatial variability on the horizontal bearing capacity factor and failure mechanisms is remarkably substantial, with the distribution of the former showing a close approximation to a log-normal distribution. Furthermore, the average horizontal bearing capacity typically falls below the corresponding deterministic value. Consequently, the deterministic estimation of the horizontal bearing capacity tends to be inflated. Eventually, a reliability-based approach is formulated, where a factor of safety is incorporated to account for the uncertainties arising from spatial variability and ensure a sufficient safety margin. This methodology enables engineers to determine appropriate factor of safety tailored to the specific requirements of each project.

ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ФОРМООБРАЗОВАНИЯ КАЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ДЕТАЛЕЙ ИЗ АЛЮМИНИЕВЫХ И МЕДНЫХ СПЛАВОВ

The surface quality of aluminum and copper alloy parts is studied when they are formed, which is important for transport engineering. The main task is to determine the conditions conducive to the formation of specified criteria for surface quality and to find out the dependencies of various factors when applying edge cutting machining and electrochemical processes. The research includes experimental and analytical parts, which are presented as conclusions, including the most optimal modes and conditions in terms of quality formation. The research methods are of an experimental and practical nature with the comparison and evaluation of the results obtained, in which the features of porous metal ceramics machining and methods for improving the efficiency of surface forming while maintaining the functional physical parameters of the part surfaces are considered. The novelty of the study is in finding dependencies of the obtained quality on the machining conditions and the comparative characteristics of the obtained surfaces not only in terms of changes in roughness, but also in surface porosity. As a result, recommendations are made for machining such materials, which minimize the effect of pore tightening and reduce deformation phenomena in the material.

Effect of Composite Fibers and Fly Ash on the Properties of Portland–Sulfoaluminate Composite Cement-Based Grouting Sealing Materials

Current conventional cement materials are no longer able to meet the actual usage needs of geotechnical engineering. In order to improve the workability of cement materials used in geotechnical, transportation, and mining engineering, it is necessary to improve the formulation of cement materials. Polypropylene fibers (PVAF), polyvinyl alcohol fibers (PPF), and fly ash (FA) are used in this study to modify Portland–sulfoaluminate composite cement to improve the workability of the cement material system. Meanwhile, the microstructure that affects the system performance was also studied. The research results indicate that adding FA to the composite cement system can improve its fluidity. In the later stage of hydration, due to the volcanic ash reaction, the production of hydration products will increase, but it will not affect the type of hydration products. Adding PPF-PVAF can effectively improve the strength performance of the cement system. The compressive strength reached 24.61 MPa after 28 days of curing, which was 13.8% higher than the blank sample. Adding calcium hydroxide powder and FA to the system can improve the fluidity of the cement system to a certain extent and positively impact the later strength. After 28 days of curing, the compressive strength of experimental group 9 reached 30.21 MPa, which increased by 70.5% compared to after 7 days These results were found at the microscopic level, based on analyses via XRD, TG, and SEM. The Mix-EXP cured for 28 days has better hydration product content and composition arrangement of cement slurry than the O-S-C cured for 28 days.

Trip Attraction Rate Estimation Using Open Data Sources for Smart Transportation Planning

Trip Attraction Rate (TAR) serves as a load factor utilized in aggregate transportation modeling. Conventional estimation consumes a lot of time and manpower for field surveys. Meanwhile, open data sources, such as Google Maps, offer an alternative approach to conducting a survey. The popular times feature from Google Maps can estimate coffee shop TAR in the city of Bandung. This study focuses on coffee shops in Bandung City. Data was collected using web scraping techniques on Google Maps and produced a sample size of 377 data points after the validity and reliability processes. Subsequently, multiple linear regression was employed to estimate TAR. The findings reveal that variables like building area and distance to public transportation hubs influence TAR simultaneously. Moreover, our approach could also distinguish TAR between weekdays (0.13 people/m2/hour) and weekends (0.14 people/m2/hour) in Bandung City. This result challenges the usage of Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) standards, which is often due to limitations of time and workforce in conducting surveys for TAR estimation. The difference in values indicates the need to estimate specific TAR for each city in Indonesia rather than relying on ITE values, and the proposed approach to using open data sources will shorten the estimation process.

Editorial: Building resilience and sustainability in transport engineering in challenging times

Editorial: Building resilience and sustainability in transport engineering in challenging times

Characterization of embankment material using sand tire mix as additive and validating the results obtained from large scale direct shear test in Abaqus software

Laboratory direct shear tests often overlook larger particles due to limitations in shear box design, resulting in an inadequate portrayal of real-world soil conditions. To address this gap, the use of large-scale direct shear apparatus capable of accommodating larger particles is essential. However, conducting such tests with varied sizes of tire shreds, mixing ratios, and loads is intricate and resource-intensive. Therefore, the utilization of numerical modeling is suggested to simulate sand-tire mixtures under diverse conditions. This study presents conclusions derived from comparing numerical results with experimental observations, demonstrating a close correspondence between the two. It offers a comprehensive examination of the impact of sand and shredded tires mixtures on shear strength, indicating a consistent pattern: increased quantities of tire shreds correspond to heightened friction angles. Furthermore, specimens containing larger shredded tire particles display elevated friction angles, implying a possible connection between particle size and frictional behavior. This investigation underscores the importance of numerical modeling as a cost-efficient and effective approach to complement experimental inquiries, enriching our comprehension of soil-tire mixture dynamics and guiding practical applications in transportation and geotechnical engineering.

Available Strategies for Improving the Biosynthesis of Methionine: A Review.

Methionine is the only nonpolar α-amino acid containing sulfur among the eight essential amino acids and is closely related to the metabolism of sulfur-containing compounds in the human body. Widely used in feed, medicine, food, and other fields, the market demand is increasing annually. However, low productivity and high cost largely limit the industrial production of methionine, and many novel production methods still have their own disadvantages. In this paper, the available methods for synthesizing methionine are reviewed and discussed. The latest strategies for improving methionine production are further introduced, including culture medium optimization, mutation technology, expression of key genes in the metabolic pathway, knockout and recombination, as well as the engineering of membrane transporters, the fermentation-enzymatic coupling route, and innovation of CO2 biotransformation.

Quantifying the vulnerability of road networks to flood-induced closures using traffic simulation

Disruptions in road networks can significantly impact traffic flow, necessitating the identification and mitigation of vulnerable components. This study presents a methodology to assess the vulnerability and robustness of road networks, addressing the research gap in comprehensive approaches that effectively evaluate both controlled intersections and uncontrolled/free-flow highway segments. The proposed framework employs traffic simulation tools to model road closures within designated study areas, focusing on networks in Qatar. Performance measures such as average control delay and volume to capacity ratios are utilized to calculate vulnerability indices for network components. The two-pronged approach quantifies the impact of simulated closures at both the component and network levels, revealing critical intersections and road segments that markedly affect network performance during disruptions. The findings contribute to the field by providing transportation engineers with an effective quantitative tool to detect vulnerabilities in their road network, guiding design plans and actions to mitigate the potential harmful impacts of disruptive events on transportation infrastructure. The methodology's scalability ensures its applicability to various operational contexts, offering significant insights for transportation planning and infrastructure resilience. By establishing a comprehensive vulnerability analysis framework, this study enhances the understanding and management of road network vulnerabilities in complex urban environments. Further research on integrating dynamic traffic assignment and real-time data is recommended to further enhance the predictive accuracy and applicability of the proposed framework, ultimately improving transportation infrastructure resilience.

Causes of Incomplete Risk Identification in Major Transportation Engineering and Construction Projects

Causes of Incomplete Risk Identification in Major Transportation Engineering and Construction Projects

Day-of-Week, Month, and Seasonal Demand Variations: Comparing Flow Estimates Across New Travel Data Sources

Transportation planners and engineers are increasingly interested in incorporating demand variations into travel models. Regression models are used to predict and compare variations in permanent traffic recorder (PTR) counts along Texas highways to vehicle-kilometers traveled (VKT) inferred from INRIX’s probe-vehicle data across days of the year. Results suggest INRIX data do not illuminate month-of-year variations in network use, due to random or unexpected shifts in sampling rates, but significant day-of-week differences are clear in both. Furthermore, INRIX appears to capture much more light-duty-vehicle travel than PTRs on Saturdays, but this may be due to location-based services’ over-counting of vehicles carrying multiple mobile devices and/or PTRs’ highway-site bias.

Quantifying the effectiveness of an active treatment in improving highway-railway grade crossing safety in Canada: an empirical Bayes observational before–after study

Transportation engineers face challenging safety investment decisions, particularly for highway-railway grade crossings (HRGCs), where rare collision occurrences and incomplete historical records complicate the assessment of countermeasure cost-effectiveness. This study introduces an empirical Bayes (EB) observational before–after approach to address these challenges, specifically examining the impact of a widely used safety countermeasure: flashing lights, bells, and gates (FLBG). The research covers a total 171 FLBG crossings with pre-implementation conditions varying between standard reflective crossing signs and flashing lights and bells, utilizing collision data from 2000 to 2012 for analysis. This study is the first to substantiate quantitatively the effectiveness of FLBG treatment in improvising the safety of HRGCs and show that the effect is dependent of crossing characteristics, such as track angle, pavement conditions, and train speed limits. These findings can provide valuable support to decision-makers, enabling them to make more effective decisions for grade crossing safety improvement projects.

Research on Talent Cultivation Mode of Transportation Engineering Electromechanical Professional Group Based on Guizhou Transportation Characteristics

Taking "cultivating people with moral integrity" as the fundamental task of talent cultivation, accelerating the innovation of talent mode, building a talent cultivation environment that meets the needs of the industry through in-depth integration of industry and education, establishing a good system of collaborative education and system, and innovatively constructing a multi-level and progressive comprehensive talent cultivation system of "order-modern apprenticeship-skilled elites At the same time, we innovate and build "order-modern apprenticeship-skilled elite" multi-level and progressive comprehensive talent cultivation system, realize the hierarchization of talent cultivation, implement the reform of "personalized and multi-level" cultivation mode, and take the modern apprenticeship cultivation mode as the core, and "double-excellent and double-courses" order-type cultivation mode and high-quality complex technology cultivation mode as the core. With modern apprenticeship training mode as the core, "double-excellent and double-course" order-type training mode and high-quality and complex technical skills (technician class, tutorial system, competition class, micro-professional and so on) talent training mode as the support, so that the professional group can become a training ground for cultivating high-quality technical skills in line with the development of the modern intelligent transportation engineering industry, as well as the development of moral and technical training, innovation, complexity, and the industry urgently needed talents.

Toward the Manufacturing of a Non-Toxic High-Performance Biobased Epoxy-Hemp Fibre Composite.

This study describes the production of a new biobased epoxy thermoset and its use with long hemp fibres to produce high-performance composites that are totally biobased. The synthesis of BioIgenox, an epoxy resin derived from a lignin biorefinery, and its curing process have been optimised to decrease their environmental impact. The main objective of this study is to characterise the rheology and kinetics of the epoxy system with a view to optimising the composite manufacturing process. Thus, the epoxy resin/hardener system was chosen considering the constraints imposed by the implementation of composites reinforced with plant fibres. The viscosity of the chosen mixture shows the compatibility of the formulation with the traditional implementation processes of the composites. In addition, unlike BPA-a precursor of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin-BioIgenox and its precursor do not have endocrine disrupting activities. The neat polymer and its unidirectional hemp fibre composite are characterised using three-point bending tests. Results measured for the fully biobased epoxy polymer show a bending modulus, a bending strength, a maximum strain at failure and a Tg of, respectively, 3.1 GPa, 55 MPa, 1.82% and 120 °C. These values are slightly weaker than those of the DGEBA-based epoxy material. It was also observed that the incorporation of fibres into the fully biobased epoxy system induces a decrease in the damping peak and a shift towards higher temperatures. These results point out the effective stress transfers between the hemp fibres and the fully biobased epoxy system. The high mechanical properties and softening temperature measured in this work with a fully biobased epoxy system make this type of composite a very promising sustainable material for transport and lightweight engineering applications.

Viscosity of Clayey Soils: Experimental Studies

Due to the high rate of the development of housing, transportation and hydraulic engineering construction in the last hundred years, the study of the phenomenon of creep of clay soils has become a subject of scientific research. In the study, experimental investigations of clay soil were conducted using a simple shear device in kinematic loading mode, aimed at examining the influence of shear rate on the viscosity coefficient of the clay soil and its strength characteristics. The tests were performed at four different shear rates and three different vertical load values. Based on the results of experimental and theoretical studies, the viscosity coefficients of clay soil were obtained, and a new rheological equation was proposed, which simultaneously takes into account the influence of Coulomb friction, structural cohesion, cohesion of water–colloidal bonds and viscous resistance of the soil. It has been shown that the shear rate has a significant impact on the viscosity coefficient of clay soil, and the viscosity coefficient itself is a variable quantity, depending both on the magnitude of the applied load and the duration of its application. The obtained results can be used for further improvement of methods for calculating the settlement of structures over time, as well as for predicting the time until the bearing capacity of foundation soils is exhausted.

Using traffic assignment models to assist Bayesian inference for origin–destination matrices

Estimation of traffic volumes between each origin and destination of travel is a standard practice in transport engineering. Commonly the available data constitute traffic counts at various locations on the network, supplemented by a survey-based prior estimate of mean origin–destination traffic volumes. Statistical inference in this type of network tomography problem is known to be challenging. Moreover, the difficulties are increased in practice by the presence of a large number of nuisance parameters corresponding to route choice probabilities, for which we have no direct prior information. Working in a Bayesian framework, we determine these parameters using a stochastic user equilibrium route choice model. We develop an MCMC algorithm for model fitting. This requires repeated computation of stochastic user equilibrium flows, and so we develop a computationally cheap emulator. Our methods are tested on numerical examples based on a section of the road network in the English city of Leicester.

Analysis the Reliability of Travel Time in Urban Corridors in Baghdad City

Travel-time reliability is a crucial performance measure for transportation systems. This research aims to estimate travel time and predict delay time on three routes in Baghdad city using GPS devices: Safi Al-Den Street, Palestine Street, and the Army Channel Expressway. The study was conducted northward from 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Reliability indices for the first and second routes with signalized intersections, including buffer index, travel time index, and 95th percentile travel time, were determined. Safi Al-Den Street's buffer time index for links 1 to 3 is approximately 44.75%, 39.87%, and 39.12%, respectively. The highest travel time index value is observed in link 3 at 8.9%. Link 1 has the longest 95% travel time at 659 seconds. Palestine Street shows a high buffer time index in links 1 and 3 at around 32.39% and 24.65%, respectively. The highest travel time index is in link 3 at 6.84%, attributed to congestion from increased educational, medical, and commercial trips. The longest 95% travel time is 430 seconds in link 7. This study offers valuable insights into the reliability of travel time in urban corridors in Baghdad city, aiding transportation planners and engineers in making informed decisions on traffic management, infrastructure development, and policy-making.