Transport Trends Research Articles

Основные предвестники формирования общепринятых практик осуществления мультимодальных перевозок

The article provides an overview of the history of the emergence of containers, within the framework of such a phenomenon as the container revolution, and also analyzes the modern potential of large transport and logistics infrastructure facilities, as a result and result of the container development trend. As part of the review of the development of modern trends in multimodal transportation, the issue of containerization is quite important, because today a container is not only an equipment for cargo transportation, but also an integral part of the supply chain, and is also able to significantly influence the formation of market tariffs for cargo transportation. Containerization of cargo transportation contributed to the formation of a modern transport and logistics paradigm in the context of international transportation, and also influenced the evolution of existing types of vehicles and special equipment, adapting them to mass transportation of metal containers. Over the history of its existence and development, containers have been adapted for the transportation of a wide variety of types of cargo from dangerous and temperature to bulk and bulk. In this article, within the framework of the calculation unit for assessing the potential of the modern global transport and logistics system, an analysis of the capacity of the largest marine infrastructure facilities - seaports is used, since it was with sea transportation that the containerization process began.

Application of artificial intelligence technologies at substantiation of effective control algorithms for the electrical engineering complex of urban electric transport traction electrical equipment

Background. Studies on the current state and development trends of urban ground public electric transportation in Russia highlight the urgent need for innovative technologies. These innovations should focus on designing and operating new types of rolling stock, traction electrical equipment, and promising types of electric traction. At the same time, special attention should be paid to building autonomous control systems for electric transportation using artificial intelligence technologies. Aim. This study aims to explore the application of neural networks to develop algorithms for effectively controlling the electrical engineering complex of traction electrical equipment in urban ground rail electric transport. Materials and Methods. The research utilized data from studies on the traction electrical equipment modes of rolling stock. These studies were conducted through both computer simulations and field experiments under real operating conditions of urban electric transport using different control algorithms. By applying probability theory and mathematical statistics, the analysis identified the correlations between operational and energy parameters of rolling stock movement and the operational mode of its traction electrical equipment. Results. The identified correlation dependencies informed the design of an effective network architecture, including its size and complexity, as well as the composition of their training samples. This led to the development of an original, simplified algorithm for determining effective control parameters for the electrical complex of traction electrical equipment during the movement of a vehicle on a given section of track. Conclusion. The research concluded that using “simple” neural networks for calculating the parameters of effective control of traction electrical equipment operation modes in urban electric transport provides higher speed and sufficient accuracy compared to complex neural network models. These results are valuable for developers of intelligent control systems for streetcar transportation.

Existing Case of Transportation System in Turkey and Transportation Trends in Istanbul

Existing Case of Transportation System in Turkey and Transportation Trends in Istanbul

Convergence of Emerging Transportation Trends: A Comprehensive Review of Shared Autonomous Vehicles

Convergence of Emerging Transportation Trends: A Comprehensive Review of Shared Autonomous Vehicles

Enhanced heat transfer in novel star-shaped enclosure with hybrid nanofluids: A neural network-assisted study

The current research is a numerical investigation of the thermo-fluidic transport trend within a new star-shaped enclosure filled with Fe3O4−MWCNT (Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes) suspended hybrid nanoparticles in a base fluid (water), induced by a horizontal magnetizing field. A rectangular rod inside the cavity positioned at center is kept at a high temperature, as the low temperature is chosen for outer corrugated boundary. Formulation yelled in mathematical principles, along with the boundary conditions and some physical assumptions, are formulated as dimensionless PDEs. The finite element method (FEM) assisted by “COMSOL” software, employed for numerical simulations, and the PARDISO solver is used for solving nonlinear system of equations. Also, an artificial neural network (ANN) model is assembled to analyze the effect of these parameters on thermal and flow transport properties of Hybrid nanofluid. The training of this ANN model is done by a dataset generated from numerical simulations, suggesting predictions regarding heat transport under varying parameters. This approach does not only reduce the effort, but also reduces computing time when exploring the thermal behaviors across various datasets. The visualization of velocity and temperature fields through streamlines and isotherms, along with the evaluation of the Nusselt number, illustrate the enhanced heat transfer facilitated by the incorporation of Fe3O4−MWCNT nanoparticles. The results show that increased magnetic field strength reduces fluid velocity due to the generated Lorentz force, which counteracts convective flow. Percentage analysis indicates that hybrid nanofluids (Fe3O4−MWCNT) significantly improve thermal distribution compared to conventional fluids. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of ANN models in forecasting the influence of diverse factors on the flow and heat transport characteristics of hybrid nanofluids. These insights are essential to the design and optimization of heat transfer systems.

Development of a Utility Vehicle Express System Framework Using Design Thinking Process for the Province of Albay

Utility vehicle express or locally known as UV Express is a key mode of transportation in Albay, Philippines, offers cost-effective connectivity between urban and suburban areas. Composed of vans operating point-to-point from terminals, it serves routes connecting Legazpi with surrounding municipalities like Tabaco, Ligao, and Polangui. Its affordability and efficiency cater to students and workers, supporting both educational and economic activities. However, challenges such as overcrowding, long waits, and inconsistent scheduling persist, highlighting the need for service improvements. This study aims to address these issues through design thinking process that includes identifying the issues and tracing its root causes through 5 Why Analysis. A proposed framework is developed to modernize UV Express operations by replacing manual processes with digital solutions like a Booking System, GPS tracking, and passenger feedback integrated into a mobile app. This initiative enhances operational efficiency, aligns services with evolving transportation trends, and fosters competitiveness. Moreover, it prepares UV Express for further advancements, including usability assessments through pilot testing of the mobile application in Albay.

Interannual Variability and Trend of the Bering Strait Throughflow Gleaned from Satellite Altimeters

Abstract Beginning with the TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry mission in 1992, along-track satellite sea surface height (SSH) estimates have been taken every 6-7 km at 10-day intervals at a cluster of satellite tracks across the Bering Strait near 66°N where the satellite tracks turn. Year-to-year geostrophic SSH estimates of the Bering Strait flow show that the flow in the warmer months is almost entirely confined to a 50m depth channel rather than the whole cross-sectional area, and that the peak-to-peak transport change is comparable to the approximate 0.8 Sverdrup mean. Energy flux calculations using the high-resolution SSH across Bering Strait, as well as an analysis of historical coastal Russian sea levels and wind stress along the Russian Arctic shelf and Bering Sea shelves, suggest that the interannual Bering Strait transport in the warmer water months can be described using wind-forced Arrested Topographic Waves (ATWs) driven by along-shelf wind stress on both the Russian Arctic and Bering Sea shelves. Most of the Bering Strait transport is barotropic in the 50m-depth channel, but analysis of SSH and in situ Alaskan coastal sea level shows that interannual transport variations in the narrow baroclinic Alaskan Coastal Current are not negligible. In disagreement with previous transport estimates, the satellite SSH analysis and almost all of the in situ current measurements do not indicate a significant long-term trend in barotropic Bering Strait northward transport in the warmer water late-summer/fall months.

Prospects for the development of transport and logistic routes connecting the BRICS Countries

This article examines the current metrics and future prospects for the development of transportation and logistics routes connecting BRICS member countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, UAE, Saudi Arabia and Iran). It analyses railway transport indicators, the dynamics and structure of mutual trade, as well as the main destinations of Russian exports. A special focus is placed on infrastructure projects and trends in multimodal transportation. The study highlights the significance of investment in infrastructure and the optimization of logistics processes, emphasizing the potential for enhanced economic cooperation among BRICS members.

The out‐of‐phase pattern of summer precipitation over northern China and the possible mechanisms

AbstractThis study explored the interannual characteristics of the out‐of‐phase pattern of summer precipitation over northern China during the past years, as well as the possible underlying mechanisms. The out‐of‐phase pattern is characterized by the positive precipitation anomaly in Northwest China (NWC) and the negative anomaly in North China (NC). Our analyses indicate that the variation of Asian westerly jet (AWJ) is found evidently associated with this out‐of‐phase pattern of summer precipitation. The meridional displacement of AWJ induces opposite trends in water vapour transport and circulation anomalies between NWC and NC, leading to the out‐of‐phase pattern. Further analyses suggest that the anomalies of Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC), North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) can impact the variation of AWJ by triggering the Eurasian (EU), polar‐Eurasia (POL) and Pacific‐Japan (PJ) teleconnection patterns, respectively, which in turn modulate the formation of this pattern. The precipitation in NWC is primarily affected by the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific SST anomalies, whereas the precipitation in NC is notably influenced by both SST anomalies and the Arctic SIC anomaly. However, the role of SST anomalies on precipitation in NWC and NC exhibits an evident contrast, leading to the out‐of‐phase pattern of summer precipitation.

International Classification of Disease based Injury Severity Score (ICISS): a comparison of methodologies applied to linked data from New South Wales, Australia

BackgroundThe International Classification of Disease Injury Severity Score (ICISS) provides an efficient method to determine injury severity in hospitalised injury patients. Injury severity metrics are of particular interest for the...

Методи обґрунтування запасів запасних частин у системі управління транспортним процесом

The article formulates directions and analyzes the possibilities of substantiating and choosing the most optimal variant of applying mathematical models for forecasting the number and range of spare parts. The provided recommendations allow to take into account the multi-brand fleets of motor transport enterprises and trends for extrapolation in the short term, identified by the results of observations in real operating conditions. The main reasons for the occurrence of prolonged vehicle downtime due to technical malfunctions are considered. Traditional methods of planning spare parts inventories based on the use of reliability theory and results of mileage forecasting, standard time to failure; inventory management theory and statistical methods for forecasting random processes; methods of operations research; economic and mathematical methods; stochastic methods of transformation of random variables are analyzed. The article formalizes the grouping of factors that affect the size of stocks and the range of spare parts in the operation of rolling stock of enterprises, depending on the state of the system of organization of work of services for maintenance and repair of vehicles; structure of the fleet and technical characteristics of vehicles; level of development of the production base; availability, interest and qualification of personnel; operating conditions of automotive equipment. It is proposed to improve the logistics of spare parts inventory management and to formulate measures to improve the performance of carriers based on an assessment of the total costs incurred by the enterprise to maintain the reliability of rolling stock in operation and taking into account the amount of lost profit due to vehicle downtime in the technical service units. At the same time, it is recommended to use the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy set theory for decision-making, which allows formalizing the parameters of vaguely defined expectations of consumers of motor transport services and reducing the subjectivity of decision-making when solving problems of optimizing spare parts stocks in the transport process management system based on the analysis of the structure of consumer properties and service quality indicators.

Climatology and trends of atmospheric water vapour transport in New Zealand

Atmospheric moisture transport is crucial for understanding New Zealand’s climate dynamics, particularly with respect to extreme precipitation events. While the majority of previous studies have focussed on Atmospheric Rivers (ARs), this study examines the entire spectrum of water vapour transport and its link to extreme precipitation using 40 years (1981–2020) of Integrated Water Vapour Transport (IVT) data over the region. Although ARs are important drivers of extreme precipitation, they are infrequent as they account for less than 10% of total moisture transport at most coastal locations. Extreme water vapour transport (defined by the 90th percentile IVT threshold) corresponds more closely with precipitation extremes than ARs alone, even using an expanded AR detection range. Here, IVT is classified into strength categories from weak to strong. Over the study period, all but the weakest category of IVT has increased in frequency of occurrence over most of the South Island, while decreasing in northern North Island. Similarly, monthly IVT anomaly trends show a positive trend in the South Island and negative trend in the northern North Island during warmer months. Separate analysis of moisture weighted wind speeds (UV) and total column water vapour (TCWV) revealed that even though the dynamic component of IVT has decreased in many locations, the increase in TCWV across New Zealand is the driving factor underpinning the IVT trends. Correspondingly, these findings indicate the importance of analysis both dynamic and thermodynamic factors in seeking to understand hydrometeorological variation and when investigating the responses to climate change.

Effects of interlayer spacing and applied pressure on the lanthanide transport in MoS2-based two-dimensional channels

ABSTRACT Rare-earth elements (REEs) are critical to modern industry but difficult to separate due to their subtle and monotonic changes in physicochemical properties. MoS2-based two-dimensional (2D) materials offer novel opportunities for enhancing REE separation, exhibiting a distinct volcano-shaped transport performance distribution that peaks at Sm3+. However, the specific contributions of thermodynamic and kinetic factors to ion transport within 2D confinement remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a series of non-equilibrium all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the effects of interlayer spacing and external pressure on the transport of lanthanide ions in Å-scale acetate functionalized 2D MoS2 (MoS2-COOH) channels. We examined ion entry and permeation rates, water flux, dehydration, and binding modes. The simulation results reveal that the transport trends of lanthanide ions are jointly driven by the dehydration degree and the relative-binding strengths of ions to water and to the acetate within the 2D channels. Notably, the dehydration pattern of lanthanide ions during permeation is closely linked to kinetic factors. Overall, this study provides a detailed atomistic understanding of the mechanisms underlying lanthanide ion transport under confinement. These findings point to the significant potential for tuning confinement and chemical functionalization within Å-scale channels for more efficient REE separation.

THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURALLY SAFE ACTIVE SCHOOL TRAVEL OPTIONS TO ENABLE TAMARIKI MĀORI TO FLOURISH A narrative review and model

To better understand the low and declining trends in active transport, there is a clarion call for town planners to develop sensitivity and sensibility towards the cultural backgrounds, realities and priorities of Māori. This will be important in producing more sustainable, healthy and equitable neighbourhoods. This paper outlines the results of a narrative literature review and consultation on tamariki Māori and travelling to kura. Tamariki Māori face barriers to active transport similar to those of other children, including a lack of access to suitable urban infrastructure, but these are exacerbated for tamariki Māori by historical issues. Factors influencing the feasibility of active transport options for tamariki Māori include school choice, concerns about neighbourhood safety and lack of access to places of importance to whānau Māori. Ultimately, the review reinforces the importance of creating culturally safe active transport options that enable tamariki Māori to flourish.

Horizon 2020 Project Analysis by Using Topic Modelling Techniques in the Field of Transport

Abstract Understanding the main research directions in transport is crucial to provide useful and relevant insights. The analysis of Horizon 2020, the largest research and innovation framework, has been already realized in a few publications but rarely for the field of transport. Thus, this article is devoted to fill this gap by introducing a novel application of topic modelling techniques, specifically the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), in the Horizon 2020 framework for transport projects. The method is using the Mallet software with pre-examined code optimizations. As the first step, a corpus is created by collecting 310 project abstracts; afterward, the texts of abstracts are prepared for the LDA analysis by introducing stop words, optimization criteria, the number of words per topics, and the number of topics. The study successfully uncovers the following five main underlying topics: road and traffic safety, aviation and aircraft, mobility and urban transport, maritime industry and shipping, open and real-time data in transport. Besides that, the main trends in transport are identified based on the frequency of words and their occurrence in the corpus. The applied approach maximizes the added value of the Horizon 2020 initiatives by revealing insights that may be overlooked using traditional analysis methods.

Climate‐influenced phenology of larval fish transport in a large lake

AbstractElucidating physical transport phenologies in large lakes can aid understanding of larval recruitment dynamics. Here, we integrate a series of climate, hydrodynamic, biogeochemical, and Lagrangian particle dispersion models to: (1) simulate hatch and transport of fish larvae throughout an illustrative large lake, (2) evaluate patterns of historic and potential future climate‐induced larval transport, and (3) consider consequences for overlap with suitable temperatures and prey. Simulations demonstrate that relative offshore transport increases seasonally, with shifts toward offshore transport occurring earlier during relatively warm historic and future simulations. Intra‐ and inter‐annual trends in transport were robust to assumed pelagic larval duration and precise location and timing of hatching. Larvae retained nearshore generally encountered more favorable temperatures and zooplankton densities compared to larvae transported offshore. Larval exploitation of nearshore resources under climate change may depend on a concomitant shift to earlier spawning and hatch times in advance of earlier offshore transport.

Economic and carbon reduction potential assessment of vehicle-to-grid development in guangdong province

The rise in electric vehicle (EV) use in Guangdong Province enhances the potential for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) applications to absorb renewable energy and manage grid loads. This study explores V2G's carbon reduction and economic potential in Guangdong Province, using a long-term power model based on the region's EV inventory. It projects power consumption, carbon reduction and economic gains for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) across four carbon reduction scenarios aligned with transportation trends. Findings suggest V2G application and modes could cut carbon emissions by 1471 and 2873 million metric tons CO2 and mitigate peak-valley load disparities by 7.6 %. Compared to multiple influencing factors, the increase in battery capacity is a key benefit to all stakeholders involved in V2G interactions. Large-scale V2G integration promotes green energy, enhances grid efficiency, and offers economic advantages for multiple participants. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for V2G's advancement.

Alloying effects on the transport properties of refractory high-entropy alloys

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has opened new frontiers for the design of refractory high-entropy alloys (HEAs) for high-temperature applications. The thermal conductivity of the AM feedstock is among the most important thermo-physical properties that control the melting and solidification process. Despite its significance, there remains a notable gap in both computational and experimental research concerning the thermal conductivity of HEAs. Here, we use density functional theory (DFT) to systematically investigate the alloying effects on the transport properties of Ti-Cr-Mo-W-V-Nb-Ta RHEAs, including electrical and thermal conductivities and Seebeck coefficient. The relaxation time of charge carriers is a key underlying parameter determining thermal conductivity that is exceedingly challenging to predict from first principles alone, and we thus follow the approach by Mukherjee, Satsangi, and Singh [Chem Mater 32, 6507 (2022)] to optimize the relaxation time for RHEAs. We validated thermal conductivity predictions on elemental solids, binary and ternary alloys, and RHEAs and compared them against thermodynamic (CALPHAD) predictions and our experiments with good correlations. To understand observed trends in thermal conductivity, we assessed the phase stability, electronic structure, phonon, and intrinsic- and tensile strength of down-selected RHEAs. Our electronic structure and phonon results connect well with the observed compositional trends for thermal transport in RHEAs. Our DFT assessment and CALPHAD predictions provide a unique design guide for RHEAs with tailored thermal conductivity, a critical consideration for AM and thermal-management applications.

Current and future trends in vertical transportation

In the middle of the 19th century, the invention of a safety device that prevented elevators from falling enabled the construction of tall buildings and skyscrapers. In the middle of the 20th century, control systems started to serve the given calls automatically by relay technology, and later by electro-mechanical systems. In the 1970s-80 s, software-based control systems invaded elevator technology. Passenger service levels improved with the application of mathematical methods such as artificial intelligence. When the old relay boards of the skyscrapers in New York were modernized by software-based group controls, passenger waiting times dropped to less than half. In this millennium, the need to reduce elevator core space has further increased, since a significant number of buildings already exceed 300 m. The challenge in constructing tall buildings is that elevator groups can occupy the rentable area of a building. At the elevator planning stage, elevator core space can be decreased by zoning the building. The latest trends include systems with several elevator cars running in the same shaft. With modern control systems, passenger journey times can be decreased and handling capacity increased. This article deals with mathematical methods used in elevator dispatching problems. Building traffic simulation is utilized to search for an elevator arrangement that saves the most space in an example building. The design criteria of the ISO 8100–32 standard are used in selecting the elevator arrangements.

Ornithological flight safety as a task of decision making in conditions of uncertainty

The problem of aircraft collision with birds (bird strike) is becoming more relevant with the growing trends of air transportation. According to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), over the seven-year period, 97751 aircraft collisions with animals in 105 countries around the world were recorded. In approximately half of the cases (56093 incidents), damage to the aircraft of various types is reported. According to some estimates, the annual damage from aircraft bird strikes is about 610 million US dollars. The article analyzes the effect of the aircraft bird strike threat (ornithological danger) on flight safety. The statistics of the aviation incidents with birds for the period 2010–2022 according to the figures from ICAO and the Federal Air Transport Agency of Russia are considered. The problems of risk assessment and ornithological flight safety and existing research works in this scientific field are analyzed. The main problems and shortcomings of the existing approaches are emphasized and discussed. A new concept for ornithological flight safety by dividing threats into those in a field of partial uncertainty and those in a field of deep uncertainty is proposed by the author. Making decisions in a particular field requires the use of specific tools. To solve the problem of ornithological flight safety under the threats in a field of deep uncertainty, a Dynamic Adaptive Planning (DAP) tool, that allows to develop and maintain the work of the plans with constant monitoring of the quality of their implementation is proposed. An example of the functioning of a decision-making algorithm and the assignment of critical points (triggers) to monitor the effectiveness of an airline’s plan with the aim of achieving specified ornithological flight safety indicators is given. An analysis of the results of the work showed that solving the problems in a field of deep uncertainty is a complex scientific task, however, the use of the new tools for scenario modeling will improve the quality of the Airline operation in providing ornithological flight safety, which will ultimately have a positive effect on reducing the risk of aviation incidents.