Transport Pricing Research Articles

Captive Market Pricing and Lack of Transportation: A Survey of Undergraduate Food Insecurity at a Public University in New England.

The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of food insecurity among college students and its relationship to on-campus food purchasing patterns and barriers to eating a healthy and sufficient diet, including the relative cost of food items on campus compared to national chain grocery stores. A campus-wide survey using stratified sampling among undergraduates and food audit. An urban public university in New England. A total of 951 surveys completed by undergraduates. Demographic characteristics, behavioral factors and food security status (measured using the USDA 6-item short form) were collected. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted to describe differences between food insecure and food secure undergraduates. Overall, 35% of undergraduates experienced food insecurity in the past year (response rate = 92%). Food insecure undergraduates had different on-campus purchasing patterns than their food secure counterparts. Food insecure students were more likely to report barriers to healthy eating on all measures, including prices (AOR= 8.12, P < .0001), to experience housing insecurity (AOR= 2.64, P = .001) and to report that transportation is a barrier to buying groceries (AOR= 1.63, P = .01). After multivariable adjustment, food insecure undergraduates had higher odds of being African American (AOR= 1.57, P = .031) or other races (more than 1 race) (AOR= 3.35, P = .002) compared to white undergraduates. Food insecure college students face a variety of barriers to healthy eating on campus, including high food pricing on campus and limited transportation options. Further research is needed to inform campus resource development, policies and programming focused on food insecurity prevention for college students.

Transportation price, product differentiation, and R&amp;D in an oligopoly

In this article, we construct an international oligopoly that explicitly incorporates transporter behavior. In each country, there is one firm that produces differentiated goods and invests in product-differentiating R&D and one transporter that transports the differentiated goods. We adopt a three-stage game in which the firms decide their R&D investment level to determine the degree of horizontal differentiation, the transporters determine the transportation prices through Cournot competition, and then the firms determine the quantities of production. We find that an increase in R&D efficiency in the product differentiation of firms leads to a decrease in transportation prices. We also reveal that an increase in the efficiency of product differentiation always reduces the profits of firms. These results explain the empirically plausible long-term trend of declining transportation prices and also provide a counterintuitive implication that efficiency gains reduce the degree of product differentiation.

Less workplace parking with fully autonomous vehicles?

Purpose Recent studies on commuter parking in an age of fully autonomous vehicles (FAVs) suggest, that the number of parking spaces close to the workplace demanded by commuters will decline because of the capability of FAVs to return home, to seek out (free) parking elsewhere or just cruise. This would be good news because, as of today, parking is one of the largest consumers of urban land and is associated with substantial costs to society. None of the studies, however, is concerned with the special case of employer-provided parking, although workplace parking is a widespread phenomenon and, in many instances, the dominant form of commuter parking. The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether commuter parking will decline with the advent of self-driving cars when parking is provided by the employer. Design/methodology/approach This study looks at commuter parking from the perspective of both the employer and the employee because in the case of employer-provided parking, the firm’s decision to offer a parking space and the incentive of employees to accept that offer are closely interrelated because of the fringe benefit character of workplace parking. This study develops an economic equilibrium model that explicitly maps the employer–employee relationship, considering the treatment of parking provision and parking policy in the income tax code and accounting for adverse effects from commuting, parking and public transit. This study determines the market level of employer-provided parking in the absence and presence of FAVs and identifies the factors that drive the difference. This study then approximates the magnitude of each factor, relying on recent (first) empirical evidence on the impacts of FAVs. Findings This paper’s analysis suggests that as long as distortive (tax) policy favors employer-provided parking, FAVs are no guarantee to end up with less commuter parking. Originality/value This study’s findings imply that in a world of self-driving cars, policy intervention related to work commuting (e.g. fringe benefit taxation or transport pricing) might be even more warranted than today.

Sosialisasi Wawasan Pasar Pengiriman Kargo Internasional 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic that occurred in 2020 had a major impact on the socio-economic life of the community by implementing social distancing programs in several countries. The impact of the world economy occurs with a contraction of -5% in 2020 (UNCTAD, 2021). Nationally, the economic contraction occurred at -2.07% (BPS, 2021a). In general, the national export and import industry (EXIM) has been hard-hit by increasing international transportation prices, scarcity of transportation equipment and imbalance in transport capacity. The impact also continues in early 2021, when the economy starts to pick up, fueling demand for international transportation but does not keep pace with the recovery of transport capacity. The purpose of this webinar is to provide information to exim players about international transportation and effective solutions from hands-on practitioners working in the field of freight forwarding. The material presented here is drawn from the market prospects, transportation reports, global research and KWE internal reports. With these materials, the information provided in the webinar becomes more actual. The response to the webinar was very positive. In general, the exim industry players are helped by the information provided. Several participants also eager to know when the capacity imbalance will be resolved.

Adopting a Bi-level Optimization Method for the Freight Transportation Problem: A Multi-objective Programming Approach

Nowadays, various companies find it a crucial task to elevate their distribution system efficiency to survive in what is an intensely competitive environment. Freight transportation via road systems may not always be a practical option for the shipper because of financial, social, and environmental aspects. So, in addition to the road system, the shipper can benefit greatly from the rail system. Thus, taking advantage of different transportation modes can help shippers to tackle, to some extent, arising issues. In this paper, we aim at investigating a freight transportation network including rail and road transportation modes in which the shipper’s choice affects the decisions deeply. Given that this problem as a bi-level programming model, the rail operator acts as a leader and the shipper is treated as a follower. Once the rail operator reveals the rail transportation price, an appropriate response is received from the shipper and this pattern is repeated until an equilibrium is achieved. From the sustainability view, a multi-objective mixed-integer programming model is developed to simulate their interactions considering a sustainable triple bottom line. Employing the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker approach, we converted the formulated bi-level programming model into a single one. Several numerical examples are investigated to evaluate the validity of the developed model and approaches. Different in-depth sensitivity analyses are carried out and the impacts of several factors, such as line and train capacity, on the rail operator and shipper’s decisions are investigated. The results reveal that the rail operator could increase their market share by a wise long-term investment in the rail infrastructure.

Are public transport policies influencing the transport behaviour of older people and economic equity? A case study of the Madrid Region

This article assesses the impact of a subsidy for public transport prices in the Madrid Region for the elderly on PT and automotive household expenditures. Data from the Spanish Household Budget Survey and a discontinuity regression model are used to analyse this PT policy from an equity and efficiency point of view. The results show that as a consequence of this public policy, households from quartiles 1 and 2 whose main-breadwinner is elderly and not employed have reduced their expenditure on PT by 83.9% and 65.3% respectively, and households from quartile 1 having an employed and elderly main-breadwinner have reduced it by 106.4%. All these households have been the main beneficiaries of the policy in terms of economic well-being. Therefore, in distributive and equity terms these subsidies benefit the poorest households among those whose main breadwinner is an elderly, and the richest ones. In terms of efficiency, the high increase of the relative price of automotive fuel due to PT subsidization has only had an impact on households in which the main breadwinner is elderly and not employed, concretely those households from quartiles 1, 2, and 3 have reduced their expenditure on automotive fuel by 38.8%, 30.3% and 51.9%, respectively.

Transport and transport infrastructure of Ukraine in the pre-war period (2010-2021)

The article researches the development state of transport and transport infrastructure in Ukraine over last years. The research findings specify the topicality of the issue solution concerning the enhancement of transport and transport infrastructure in the conditions of structural, energy and financial crises, as well as considering a destructive influence of COVID-19 pandemic, occupation of Crimea, an anti-terrorist operation in East of Ukraine and a full-scale intervention of the Russian Federation started on February 24, 2022. Such methods of improving transport and transport infrastructure development in Ukraine have been offered under the research findings: the increase of public administration level with regard to all aspects of transport infrastructure; the use of proactive management; activation of searches and implementation of investment projects; introduction of an institute of public- private partnership on transport; partial and temporary decrease of tax burden; the development of complex solutions for transport services consumers under the infrastructure areas; optimization of transport pricing, etc.

Revolutionizing Waste Management in Smart Cities: An IoT-Powered Solution

Garbage monitoring of collection is a crucial issue for most cities today, and it has become a significant concern in urban areas. The current garbage monitoring and management system is incredibly inefficient, which raises the price of collection and transportation. We propose to design a " Smart Waste Management System for Smart Cities Using IOT" to prevent situations where dust bins are seen overflowing due to poor monitoring and collection, which can cause long-term issues including unpleasant odor and hazardous infections. As its primary microprocessor, NODEMCU is used in this intelligent waste management system. It measures the amount of waste in the trashcan using the ultrasonic sensor as a level detector. The ability to detect waste volume not only contributes to the development of a smart city but also helps in the development of waste reduction and recycling strategies that are more effective and environmentally beneficial as taken from references.

The MOBIS dataset: a large GPS dataset of mobility behaviour in Switzerland

This article presents the MOBIS dataset and underlying survey methods used in its collection. The MOBIS study was a nation-wide randomised controlled trial (RCT) of transport pricing in Switzerland, utilising a combination of postal recruitment, online surveys, and GPS tracking. 21,571 persons completed the first online survey, and 3680 persons completed 8 weeks of GPS tracking. Many continued tracking for over a year after the study was completed. In the field experiment, participants participated through the use of a GPS tracking app, Catch-my-Day, which logged their daily travel on different transport modes and imputed the trip segments and modes. The experiment lasted 8 weeks, bookended by two online surveys. After the first 4-week control phase, participants were split into two different treatment groups and a continued control group. An analysis of the survey participation shows that the technology is capable of supporting such an experiment on both Android and iOS, the two main mobile platforms. Significant differences in the engagement and attrition were observed between iOS and Android participants over the 8-week period. Finally, the attrition rate did not vary between treatment groups. This paper also reports on the wealth of data that are being made available for further research, which includes over 3 million trip stages and activities, labelled with transport mode and purpose respectively.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Disruptions on Container Transport

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented disruptions in the global economy, and container transport as a predominant means of the goods flow in global supply chains. Different measures employed worldwide to limit the virus spread, such as restrictions and quarantines on border crossings, port staff, container ships, transhipment terminals and the inland transport sector, created a colossal management challenge and caused a domino effect in delays. Consequently, it led to blank sailings and enormous rises in freight transport prices, the lack of supply reliability and shifts between different means of transport. These delays, enhanced by the Suez Canal blockage, exacerbated an already acute problem of the empty container shortage in the market. This paper aims to provide an in-depth overview of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on container transport and underline ways to increase resiliency against future disruptions. The research included a literature overview and formulation of recommendations. The paper contributes to the broad research of container transport management and provides insights for practitioners responsible for transport planning and disruption management.

The role of network topology in competition and ticket pricing in air transportation: Evidence from Brazil

This paper investigates how the structure of the air transportation network affects air ticket prices in Brazil. Airlines serve specific airports in the vast Brazilian territory and, consequently, have unique air transportation network structures. Using more than 40 million airline-specific commercial flights, we extract topological patterns from these networks using complex network measurements. We then propose an economic meaning for these measures in the context of air transportation. Using microeconometric panel-data estimation, we find that the airports’ degree of substitutability (clustering coefficient) and peripheral location (authority score) are associated with lower average airfare prices. In contrast, the convenience of transportation (degree), measured by the number of different cities that an airport serves, and centrality (closeness) are attributes that raise the average price. Air convenience pricing is more pronounced at airports located inland than at capitals. We also look at how the airline-specific network structure affects the well-documented positive relationship between market power and air ticket prices. The relationship between local market power and the ticket price is stronger at airports located in inland municipalities. Our results suggest that public policies encouraging competition at inland airports are crucial for maintaining prices at adequate levels.

Understanding Factors Associated with Commuter Rail Ridership: A Demand Elasticity Study of the GO Transit Rail Network

Planners have theorized that transitioning commuter rail systems to regional rail networks will increase ridership, balance mode share, and reduce automobile use in North American cities. This process is currently underway in Ontario, Canada, as service is being expanded throughout the GO Transit commuter rail network. Calculating elasticities is a common approach used to identify factors that, if adapted, may significantly influence transit demand. However, few studies have focused on identifying demand elasticities specific to the current case of upgrading commuter rail systems in the North American context. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap. Station-level ridership data were compiled for the GO system from January 2016 to December 2019. Smartcard data were used to estimate station catchment areas for which land use, socioeconomic, and demographic datasets were developed. Data about additional factors related to station access, service quantity, fare price, and availability of substitute transport modes were also compiled. Controlling for trip type (e.g., a.m. peak and evening off-peak), demand models were estimated using a random effect panel data estimator. This study finds that service quantity, population density, fuel price, and unemployment rate were significantly associated with commuter rail ridership, regardless of trip type examined. Employment density and seasonal variation were also significant, although different signs were shown between models. The results suggest that plans for this kind of transition should include other considerations in addition to service quantity improvements. Those directed toward the implementation of transit-oriented developments, transport pricing schemes, and competitive fare price strategies are outlined.

Research on Multicriteria Decision-Making Scheme of High-Speed Railway Express Product Pricing and Slot Allocation under Competitive Conditions

Scientifically and reasonably pricing products and allocating slots are key to improving the profitability and competitiveness of high-speed railway expresses. In this research, we focus on the freight transportation pricing and slot allocation of high-speed railway express companies in a competitive environment. The goals of this research are to make decisions on the pricing and slot allocation schemes of the high-speed railway express between sections through the method of multicriteria decision making, and then to test these changes in reality. This research innovatively takes the high-speed freight Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) train as its research object and innovatively applies the revenue management theory to high-speed railway express research in a competitive environment, proposing a comprehensive decision-making model based on the sharing rate model. The results show that, by adopting the scheme proposed in this research, the income of high-speed railway express companies can be increased by 13.6%. In addition, the method proposed in this research also enriches the current theory on high-speed railway freight transportation, providing strategies for companies to expand their market and increase profit.

Sistem Informasi Geografis Jalur Transportasi Angkutan Umum Berbasis Web: Studi Kasus Terminal Mardika Kota Ambon

Public transportation in Ambon city is very helpful in supporting people's daily activities, So, in this final project, the author develops an information system for Ambon city transportation routes, a website that can helping Mardika terminal workers to managing public transportation data and routes of public transportation at the Mardika terminal in Ambon city. And for people in the city of Ambon can get information about public transportation routes, especially at the Mardika terminal, in Ambon city. This system using the throw-away prototyping software development method, and also this system using the black box testing method, this method tested by Mardika terminal workers, and then proceed with user acceptance testing. by providing an inquiry form to terminal workers and passengers. And the result is that this system can provide information in the form of public transport prices, schedules, and public transport routes, this system, it can help passengers and can assist Mardika terminal workers in managing active public transportation routes in Ambon City.

Optimal Transport Pricing in an Age of Fully Autonomous Vehicles: Is It Getting More Complicated?

Over the last several decades, transportation scientists have made substantial progress in identifying and tackling transport-related problems by elaborating sophisticated policy instruments. Originally, the policy instruments were developed and designed to tackle inefficiencies caused by conventional (human-driven) vehicles. However, questions remain regarding transportation policies, especially pricing instruments, in the future. With the advent of fully autonomous vehicles (driverless or self-driving cars), many of potentially disruptive changes to our transportation system are projected to occur. This gives rise to the question of how to adapt the existing, well established, policy instruments to make them applicable to a world of self-driving cars. The present paper utilizes one of the most widely deployed, most important (in terms of tax revenue), and most effective (in terms of carbon dioxide mitigation) current price-based policy instruments in the transport sector (i.e., the energy tax) to show how one of the most innovative features associated with fully autonomous vehicles (i.e., driverless vehicle relocation) affects the optimal design of a transportation tax. We adopt a microeconomics optimization framework and analytically derive the optimal energy tax under the assumption that driverless vehicle relocation is possible. Our main finding is that in a world of self-driving cars, the energy tax (likewise, a second-best miles tax) as a price-based policy instrument becomes more difficult to evaluate. With the capability of fully autonomous vehicles to relocate without passengers inside, the (analytical) expression for the optimal energy tax becomes more complex, and its (numerical) determination becomes more difficult since the feature of driverless vehicle repositioning imposes counteracting welfare effects as a response to a tax change. Policymakers and researches are encouraged to take on the challenge of increasing complexity to tackle transport-related inefficiencies in the era of self-driving cars.

Supply Chains Strategies during COVID-19: Green Supply Chain vs. Supply Chain Sustainability

Purpose of the article During the COVID-19 pandemic in the years 2020 and 2021, supply chains have been heavily affected and disrupted. With the lack of material and the lack of available containers for oversea shipment, a further upcoming issue where the exploding oversea container transport prices.

THE IMPACT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONNEL COSTS ON THE PROFITABILITY INDICATORS OF ROAD FREIGHT TRANSPORT COMPANIES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

The paper's main objective is to investigate the effects of personnel cost growth between 2014 and 2019 on the profitability of selected large road freight transport companies based on the collection of publicly available data of these transport companies. The first sub-objective of the paper is to conduct the necessary data collection from the financial statements of road freight transport companies with more than 250 workers. The second sub-objective of the paper is to define financial ratios and to assess the impact of personnel cost growth on the profitability of these enterprises. The third sub-objective is to determine the development of selected financial ratios over the period 2014 to 2019 and to evaluate the impact of personnel cost growth on the development of these ratios for selected transport companies. As a result of the fulfilment of these goals, we identified that an increase in personnel cost led in chosen transport companies in the years 2015 – 2016 to a significant decrease in labour productivity in the form of sales per employee and decreased profit. In the years 2017 – 2018, the year-on-year increase in personnel cost slowed down with impact to improved labour productivity and improved profit. In 2019 although another increase in personnel cost occurred, the situation changed, and labour productivity and profit increased. Analysis of these data showed that an increase of labour productivity in the form of sales per employee and profit increase in 2018 and 2019 was done thanks to the increasing price of transportation that covered higher personnel costs.

Commodity Price Shocks and Industrial Production of Pakistan

Purpose - Several studies are available on the impact of energy prices on the overall economy and industrial output of Pakistan. However, there is no valuable work that has examined the impact of different groups of commodity prices on industrial output. This study is aimed to fills-in this gap and examine the impact of seven groups of commodities on the industrial output of Pakistan.&#x0D; Design/methodology/approach - It uses the Structural Vector Autoregression model for monthly data from July 2008 to June 2020.&#x0D; Findings - The finding of our study suggests that food, education and clothing, and footwear price shocks have a negative and significant impact on industrial output. Whereas, the oil and transportation price shocks have a negative impact. The findings of this study may help policymakers to control the commodity prices that have a dominant-negative impact and provide insight that all commodity price shocks are not alike for the industrial output of Pakistan.&#x0D; Originality/value - This study contributes significantly to the topic under consideration and provides new insight that not all commodity price shocks are identical. Oil is no doubt the main source of energy. However, many other types of commodities significantly affect the industrial production of Pakistan. This study is the first attempt to highlight the impact of seven groups of commodity prices and provide evidence that these commodity prices significantly affect the industrial production of Pakistan.

Analysis Model of Arco North Amazon Corridors to Mato Grosso's Soybean

Nowadays, Brazil has consolidated it self as the biggest exporter of soybean beans in the world, and the brazilian state that has most contribrited to this rate is the state of Mato Grosso, and for its geographic location, Mato Grosso also its products to the ports of Arco Norte. This study proposes to develop a model for optimalization of the logistic corridors of transport, for the soybean from the mato-grossense destined for the ports of Arco Norte, trying to obtain a more effective logistic in the face of quantitative indicators such as: transport price, municipal production and dock capacity, the corridors that are being studied are BR-163 (MT-PA), Ferrogrão (EF-170) and the Araguaia-Tocantins waterway. The analisys for the corridors, will be through a linear programming, which is a method capable of enable hierarchization processes, which contributes to the analysis of the proposed problem. In this sense, the results show that the intermodal transport, using the ferrogrão and the waterway Araguaia-Tocantins, were the least costly routes transporting mato-grossense soybean to the Arco Norte Amazonian ports.

A Challenge of Services Management - Balancing the Price of Transportation

A Challenge of Services Management - Balancing the Price of Transportation