Transport Parameters Research Articles

КРИТЕРІАЛЬНИЙ ВПЛИВ НА ВИБІР ВИДУ ТРАНСПОРТНОГО СПОЛУЧЕННЯ ПРИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ДОСТАВКИ ВАНТАЖІВ В УМОВАХ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ

Introduction. The organisation of cargo delivery in various transport connection options requires the identification of the most optimal parameters of transportation by certain transport modes and the development of better transport connections. The systematisation of transport and logistics processes requires a comprehensive solution to the problems of organising the delivery of goods in international multimodal connections. The growing demands of the freight clientele are becoming a key factor in the competition between both carriers and logistics operators to serve more profitable cargo flows. Problem Statement. International integration processes involve interaction between all participants in international cargo delivery, and its reliability depends on the effectiveness of its organisation. Ensuring high-quality transport services for a particular cargo delivery is only possible if the criteria are correctly selected and adequately assessed. Purpose. To determine the criteria of influence on the choice of transport mode in the organisation of cargo delivery, taking into account the factor influence characterising the carrying capacity of each transport mode serving a particular order, as well as the synergy of their interaction.

Magneto-transport in the monolayer MoS2 material system for high-performance field-effect transistor applications

Electronic transport in monolayer MoS2 is significantly constrained by several extrinsic factors despite showing good prospects as a transistor channel material. Our paper aims to unveil the underlying mechanisms of the electrical and magneto-transport in monolayer MoS2. In order to quantitatively interpret the magneto-transport behavior of monolayer MoS2 on different substrate materials, identify the underlying bottlenecks, and provide guidelines for subsequent improvements, we present a deep analysis of the magneto-transport properties in the diffusive limit. Our calculations are performed on suspended monolayer MoS2 and MoS2 on different substrate materials taking into account remote impurity and the intrinsic and extrinsic phonon scattering mechanisms. We calculate the crucial transport parameters such as the Hall mobility, the conductivity tensor elements, the Hall factor, and the magnetoresistance over a wide range of temperatures, carrier concentrations, and magnetic fields. The Hall factor being a key quantity for calculating the carrier concentration and drift mobility, we show that for suspended monolayer MoS2 at room temperature, the Hall factor value is around 1.43 for magnetic fields ranging from 0.001 to 1 Tesla, which deviates significantly from the usual value of unity. In contrast, the Hall factor for various substrates approaches the ideal value of unity and remains stable in response to the magnetic field and temperature. We also show that the MoS2 over an Al2O3 substrate is a good choice for the Hall effect detector. Moreover, the magnetoresistance increases with an increase in magnetic field strength for smaller magnetic fields before reaching saturation at higher magnetic fields. The presented theoretical model quantitatively captures the scaling of mobility and various magnetoresistance coefficients with temperature, carrier densities, and magnetic fields.

Estimation of mixed-gas selectivity of membranes using the linear friction-based model

The development of analytical models for predicting the transport properties of membranes in the separation of multicomponent mixtures is highly relevant because (1) measurements of permeability and sorption of gas mixtures in membrane materials are laborious and time-consuming, and (2) estimation of transport properties based on pure gas measurements is desirable, however, rather unreliable and can lead to serious errors. In this paper, within the framework of the well-known frictional-coefficient formalism, we present nonlinear equations for the fluxes of gas mixture components through the membrane, which take into account the diffusional coupling of the fluxes compared to independent gas transport. As a result, an analytical equation for the mixed-gas selectivity was obtained. This equation has an implicit form, which is not quite convenient for practical application, since it has to be solved numerically. A simple explicit expression for mixed gas selectivity was derived using the so-called linear transport model, which is a linearized version of the original nonlinear flux equations. It is important to emphasize that a comparison of the linear model with the formally more rigorous nonlinear model showed only minor quantitative differences. The input parameters for the model are the single gas transport parameters. Testing the linear model using experimental data for the separation of hydrocarbons (n-butane/methane, n-butane/i-butane, propylene/propane) revealed an acceptable fit. A comparison of the model with recent experimental data on the separation of CO2-containing mixtures using microporous polymers is also presented. It is found that the calculated CO2/N2 mixed gas selectivity is in good agreement with the experimental data, while only a semi-quantitative agreement is observed for the CO2/CH4 separation. Besides, it is shown that the model developed for binary gas separation can be extended to ternary gas mixtures.

Simulation of 1D atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge in argon

This work aims at modelling an atmospheric-pressure homogeneous barrier discharge in argon, using a time-dependent 1D fluid model coupled to the electric field and plasmo-chemical kinetic equations. The model is chosen to mimic a discharge when a sinusoidal 1 kV voltage at 10 MHz is applied to the terminals. Energy and mass transfer are considered for a macroscopic fluid representation, while energy transfer in molecular collisions and chemical reactions is treated at the microscopic level. The macroscopic model is represented by a set of coupled partial differential equations. Microscopic effects are studied within a discrete model for electronic and molecular collisions in the frame of ZDPlasKin, a plasma modelling numerical tool. The BOLSIG+ solver is employed in solving the electronic Boltzmann equation. An operator splitting technique is used to separate microscopic and macroscopic models. The spatial and temporal evolution of such species and electron transport parameters are presented and discussed.

Amended Vegetation Filters as Nature-Based Solutions for the Treatment of Pharmaceuticals: Infiltration Experiments Coupled to Reactive Transport Modelling

In small populations and scattered communities, wastewater treatment through vegetation filters (VFs), a nature-based solution, has proved to be feasible, especially for nutrient and organic matter removal. However, the presence of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and their potential to infiltrate through the vadose zone and reach groundwater is a drawback in the evaluation of VF performances. Soil amended with readily labile carbon sources, such as woodchips, enhances microbial activity and sorption processes, which could improve pharmaceutical attenuation in VFs. The present study aims to assess if woodchip amendments to a VF’s soil are able to abate concentrations of selected pharmaceuticals in the infiltrating water by quantitatively describing the occurring processes through reactive transport modelling. Thus, a column experiment using soil collected from an operating VF and poplar woodchips was conducted, alongside a column containing only soil used as reference. The pharmaceuticals acetaminophen, naproxen, atenolol, caffeine, carbamazepine, ketoprofen and sulfamethoxazole were applied daily to the column inlet, mimicking a real irrigation pattern and periodically measured in the effluent. Ketoprofen was the only injected pharmaceutical that reached the column outlet of both systems within the experimental timeframe. The absence of acetaminophen, atenolol, caffeine, carbamazepine, naproxen and sulfamethoxazole in both column outlets indicates that they were attenuated even without woodchips. However, the presence of 10,11-epoxy carbamazepine and atenolol acid as transformation products (TPs) suggests that incomplete degradation also occurs and that the effect of the amendment on the infiltration of TPs is compound-specific. Modelling allowed us to generate breakthrough curves of ketoprofen in both columns and to obtain transport parameters during infiltration. Woodchip-amended columns exhibited Kd and μw values from one to two orders of magnitude higher compared to soil column. This augmentation of sorption and biodegradation processes significantly enhanced the removal of ketoprofen to over 96%.

The value of instream stable water isotope and nitrate concentration data for calibrating a travel time‐based water quality model

AbstractTransit time‐based water quality models using StorAge Selection (SAS) functions are crucial for nitrate (NO3−) management. However, relying solely on instream NO3− concentration for model calibration can result in poor parameter identifiability. This is due to the interaction, or correlation, between transport parameters, such as SAS function parameters, and denitrification rate, which challenges accurate parameters identification and description of catchment‐scale hydrological processes. To tackle this issue, we conducted three Monte‐Carlo experiments for a German mesoscale catchment by calibrating a SAS‐based model with daily instream NO3− concentrations (Experiment 1), monthly instream stable water isotopes (e.g. δ18O) (Experiment 2) and both datasets (Experiment 3). Our findings revealed comparable ranges of SAS transport parameters and median water transit times (TT50) across the experiments. This suggests that, despite their distinct reactive or conservative nature, and sampling strategies, the NO3− and δ18O time series offer similar information for calibration. However, the absolute values of transport parameters and TT50 time series, as well as the degree of parameter interaction differed. Experiment 1 showed greater interaction between certain transport parameters and denitrification rate, leading to greater equifinality. Conversely, Experiment 3 yielded reduced parameters interaction, which enhanced transport parameters identifiability and decreased uncertainty in TT50 time series. Hence, even a modest effort to incorporate only monthly δ18O values in model calibration for highly frequent NO3−, improved the description of hydrological transport. This study showcased the value of combining NO3− and δ18O model results to improve transport parameter identifiability and model robustness, which ultimately enhances NO3− management strategies.

Physics-based modeling of the effective gas transport properties of single jersey knitted fabrics based on images

Physics-based modeling of the effective gas transport properties of single jersey knitted fabrics based on images

Commissioning and first operation of East Japan Heavy Ion Center at Yamagata University

A world smallest carbon ion radiotherapy facility, East Japan Heavy Ion Center, Yamagata University, started treatment operations in February 2021. The treatment system consists of an ECR ion source, an RFQ and IH-type drift tube linac, a 430 MeV/u synchrotron and a spot-scanning irradiation system. It has two treatment rooms, one is a fixed horizontal beam port and the other is a rotating gantry beam port with superconducting magnets. The ECR ion source is the Kei2-type permanent magnet 10 GHz ECR ion source with a maximum field of 0.8 T. All the improvements of the previous facilities are applied to the ion source, such as helium gas-assisted operation and changes in the shape of an anode electrode and an extraction electrode to reduce the discharge. Owing to these improvements, the ion source has been operated stably during the commissioning and clinical operation. The irradiation system of Yamagata University eliminated the plastic block range shifter to realize a compact gantry, and has 600 energy levels to control the beam range in step of 0.5 mm. In order to optimize the beam transport parameters quickly, automation tools for orbit correction were developed. Machine commissioning and clinical commissioning were carried out in parallel to allow treatment to begin earlier. First, the horizontal fixed beam port was commissioned by verifying the dose distribution of the treatment planning system. Then, the gantry beam port was commissioned by full beam distribution measurement for representing beam angle of 90 degree, and other angles were sequentially released after the compatibility measurement of beam position, beam size, and two-dimensional uniformity. In September 2022, we were able to accept all treatment sites. By August 2023, 1151 cancer patients had been treated. Further improvements to increase available gantry angle and to increase beam efficiency are ongoing.

Challenges in Measuring Transport Parameters of Carbonate‐Based Electrolytes

AbstractNumerical simulations are a powerful tool for the development and improvement of Li‐ion batteries. Modeling the mass transport of the involved electrolytic solutions requires precise determination of the corresponding electrolyte parameters. In this work, we attempt to measure the conductivity, the diffusion coefficient, the transference number and the thermodynamic factor for a system of 0.5 M LiPF6 dissolved in a blend of ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate (EC : EMC, 3 : 7 weight) at 20 °C and 50 °C. Applying galvanostatic polarization experiments to symmetrical Li metal | electrolyte+separator | Li metal cells reveals, however, a potential response qualitatively deviating from theoretical expectations. Impeded diffusion processes indicate the presence of additional, undesired porous structures on the Li electrodes, preventing a reliable evaluation of the electrolyte parameters. To spectrally resolve the diffusive processes, we conduct very‐low‐frequency impedance spectroscopy. The impedance in fact exhibits multiple interfering diffusive features. In our measurements, an explicit identification of the impedance for the sole diffusion through the separator is however not feasible. Therefore, the authors doubt that polarizing experiments using Li metal electrodes yield accurate parameters for electrolytes.

Bidirectional machine learning-assisted sensitivity-based stochastic searching approach for groundwater DNAPL source characterization.

In this study, we designed a machine learning-based parallel global searching method using the Bayesian inversion framework for efficient identification of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source characteristics and contaminant transport parameters in groundwater. Swarm intelligence organized hybrid-kernel extreme learning machine (SIO-HKELM) was proposed to approximate the forward and inverse input-output correlation with a high accuracy using the DNAPL transport numerical simulation model. An adaptive inverse-HKELM was established for preliminary estimation of the source characteristics and contaminant transport parameters to correct prior information and generate high-quality initial starting points of parallel searching. A local accurate forward-HKELM surrogate of the numerical model was embedded in the searching system for avoiding repetitive CPU-demanding likelihood evaluations. A sensitivity-based Metropolis criterion (MC), incorporating the dynamic particle swarm optimization (SD-PSO) algorithm, was developed for improving the search ergodicity and realizing precise inversion of all the unknown variables with drastic variations in sensitivity to the likelihood function. Results showed that the generalization capability and robustness of SIO-HKELM were superior to those of the traditional machine learning methods, including KELM and support vector regression (SVR), and it sufficiently approximated the forward and inverse input-output mapping of the numerical model with testing determination coefficients of 0.9944 and 0.6440, respectively. With high-quality prior information and initial starting points generated by the adaptive inverse-HKELM feed approach, the uncertainty in the inversion outputs was reduced, and the searching process rapidly converged to reasonable posterior distributions in around 60 iterations. Compared with the widely used multichain Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach, the parallel searching lines generated by SD-PSO-MC adequately covered the searching space, and the "equifinality" effect was more effectively restrained by reducing the relative errors of all the point estimations to less than 8%. Therefore, the real source information reflected by the statistical characteristics of the SD-PSO-MC inversion outputs was more precise than that obtained using the multichain MCMC approach.

Chemical and electrochemical nanofabrication of polyaminothiazole/graphene oxide composites

Poly(2-aminothiazole) is a little-studied conducting polymer with sulfur and nitrogen heteroatoms in the aromatic ring, which reveals prospects for application in various fields. We studied the conditions of chemical synthesis of poly(2-aminothiazole) and its composite with graphene oxide in an aqueous solution, as well as electrochemical deposition on electrode surfaces – Pt and SnO2. The structure of the polymer was investigated by SEM and FT-IR spectroscopy. A quantum-chemical calculation using the semi-empirical PM7 method was carried out. The electrochemical activity of polymer films was examined. Increasing effective parameters of charge transport for poly(2-aminothiazole)/graphene oxide films were detected.

Investigation of short‐term effects of forage radish on water and solute transport through a tracer test and inverse modeling

AbstractThe benefits of using cover crops for improving soil and water quality are well known. Less clear is whether cover crops, especially those forming a taproot system, can favor solute transport down to the groundwater by modifying soil hydraulic properties and solute dynamics. In this study, we employed 12 lysimeters to conduct a comparative analysis between a taproot cover crop, specifically forage radish (FR), and bare soil (BS), under three water table management conditions. Our objective was to evaluate whether the enhancement of root‐derived macroporosity could have modified water and solute dynamics, and offset the benefits provided by FR that is commonly used to mitigate solute leaching. A tracer solution of bromide (Br−) was added to lysimeters, and solute flux concentrations were determined at different depths during a 25‐day test. Soil moisture and pressure heads were monitored. Water and solute transport parameters were estimated by inverse modeling using HYDRUS‐1D. A complementary laboratory experiment was performed to quantify the effect of FR root apparatus on the macropore structure by using noninvasive X‐ray microtomography (µCT). Results showed that the growth of FR within the lysimeters induced alterations in water and solute dynamics compared with BS. This is primarily attributed to its proficiency as solute scavenger, with an uptake capacity of up to 47% of the total injected tracer. Our comparative analysis instead revealed subtle differences in soil structure and hydraulic properties brought about by the presence of FR. Major changes were observed for the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), which increased from an average of 8.4–49.8 cm day−1 within the 20–45 cm layer in BS and FR, respectively. Additionally, there was a difference in immobile water content (θim), with the values in FR averaging 21% lower than those in BS. These modifications can be attributed to the formation of fissures and channels, primarily concentrated in the proximity of taproot development, without extending into deep preferential flow pathways. These structural changes were supported by the nondestructive µCT analyses. Upon aggregating the effects observed, solute movement to groundwater was not affected by FR compared to BS conditions.

Study on advection–dispersion behavior for simulation of 3H, 99Tc, and 90Sr transport in crushed sandstone of column experiments

Abstract In order to establish a universal and safety-compliant post-closure safety assessment technique, it is necessary to develop appropriate models to explain the migration behavior of radioactive materials within the rock system. Advection-dispersion experiments (ADE) have proven successful in designing transport models through a calibration/validation process of breakthrough curves (BTCs). In the present investigation, we employed a dynamic column device to examine the transport of Tritium (3H), Technetium-99 (99Tc), and Strontium-90 (90Sr) in crushed sandstone. Non-reactive transport experiments utilizing conservative tracers enabled us to determine the transport parameters, including retardation factors (R) and dispersivity (α). Our study focused on investigating the surface complexation model (SCM) using an additive approach coupled with the advection-dispersion equation to simulate the reactive transport behavior of 90Sr. The results affirm the robustness of our chosen thermodynamic database and modeling approach, emphasizing the criticality of accurately modeling and predicting reactive transport behavior in porous media.

Metal-phenolic network as precursor complex coating for forward osmosis membrane with enhanced antifouling property.

In this study, a multi-functional layer was developed based on the commercially available cellulose triacetate (CTA) forward osmosis (FO) membrane to improve its antifouling property. Tannic acid/ferric ion (TA/Fe3+) complexes were firstly coated as a precursor layer on the membrane surface via self-assembly. Afterwards, the tannic acid/diethylenetriamine (TA/DETA) hydrophilic functional layer was further coated, following Ag/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) anti-bacterial layer was formed in situ through the reducibility of TA to obtain TA/Fe3+-TA/DETA-Ag/PVP-modified membrane. The optimized precursor layer was acquired by adjusting the buffer solution pH to 8, TA/Fe3+ ratio to 4 and the number of self-assembled layers to 5. The permeability testing results illustrated that the functional layer had an insignificant effect on the membrane transport parameters. The TA/Fe3+-TA/DETA-Ag/PVP-modified membrane simultaneously exhibited excellent physical and chemical stability. The coated membrane also demonstrated enhanced anti-bacterial properties, achieving 98.63 and 97.30% inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Furthermore, the dynamic fouling experiment showed a 12% higher water flux decrease for the TA/Fe3+-TA/DETA-Ag/PVP CTA membrane compared to the nascent CTA membrane, which proved its excellent antifouling performance. This work provides a feasible strategy to heighten the antifouling property of the CTA FO membrane.

Retardation factor scaling for contaminant transport in fractured media

This paper delves into the key factors governing contaminant retardation and the scaling of retardation factor for contaminant transport in naturally fractured media. It employs a geostatistical approach, utilizing hierarchical transition probability and covariance models, to characterize multimodal reactive mineral facies. Subsequently, scale-dependent models are developed to illustrate the transport behaviors of reactive contaminants under equilibrium sorption conditions and quantify the spatial and temporal variations of the effective retardation factor. These models incorporate various factors, including the structural characteristics of reactive minerals (the volume proportions and lengths of different facies types), fracture characteristics (the means and variances of fracture apertures), and the adsorption capacity of contaminants on minerals (sorption coefficients (ln Kd)). The results from these Lagrangian-based models are compared and validated against experimental data of solute transport in a single natural fracture. These findings underscore the remarkable agreement between the derived scale-dependent analytical expressions and the experimental results. Additionally, a global sensitivity analysis was performed using the Monte Carlo-based Sobol’ indices method to understand the influential factors governing contaminant retardation. The study reveals that the primary influential factor is the sorption capacity of contaminants on minerals, while fracture and reactive mineral structural characteristics play a secondary role. These insights provide significant information for understanding the reactive transport processes and the environmental impact of transport parameters in fractured media.

Quantifying the impact of upscaled parameters on radionuclide transport in three-dimensional fracture-matrix systems

Assessing the long-term safety of geological repositories for high-level radioactive waste is critically dependent on understanding radionuclide transport in multi-scale fractured rocks. This study explores the influence of upscaled parameters on radionuclide movement within a three-dimensional fracture-matrix system using a discrete fracture-matrix (DFM) model. The developed numerical simulation workflow includes creating a random discrete fracture network, meshing of the fractures and matrix, assigning upscaled parameters, and conducting finite element simulations. We simulated the spatiotemporal evolution of radionuclide concentrations in the fractures and matrix over a century, revealing significant spatial heterogeneity driven by a heterogeneous seepage field. Employing geostatistics-based upscaling methods, we predicted the effective ranges of crucial solute transport parameters at the field scale. The matrix diffusion coefficient, matrix distribution coefficient, and longitudinal dispersivity were upscaled by factors of 2.0–3.0, 2.5–4.0, and 10–104, respectively, based on laboratory-scale measurements. Incorporating these upscaled parameters into the DFM model, we analyzed their impact on radionuclide transport. Our findings demonstrate that an upscaled matrix diffusion coefficient and matrix distribution coefficient result in a delayed transport of radionuclides in fractures by enhancing mass transfer between the fractures and rock matrix, while an upscaled longitudinal dispersivity accelerates transport by advancing the positions of concentration peaks. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the matrix distribution coefficient is the most impactful, followed by dispersivity and matrix diffusion coefficient. These insights are important for minimizing parameter uncertainties and enhancing the accuracy of predictions concerning radionuclide transport in multi-scale fractured rocks.

Study of Electron Energy Distribution Function, Transport Parameters and Instability Analysis of Argon Plasma confined by a Dipole Magnet

This theoretical study is to investigate production and properties of plasma confined by a dipole magnet. A cylindrical permanent magnet (N40 grade) having a surface magnetic field of nearly 1Tesla is simulated to create a dipole magnetic field. Plasma is created by electron cyclotron resonance heating. Heating is accomplished using microwaves operating in continuous mode at 2.45 GHz and electron cyclotron resonance. The investigation is performed in systems of cylindrical geometries at varying pressures (0.5 mTorr – 1.5 mTorr). The electron temperature lies in the range of 1 - 5 eV, is hotter near the magnets and follows a downstream fashion throughout the region.Electron Energy Distribution Function (EEDF) growth investigation throughout the region was done to understand the role of magnetic field confinement. The EEDF was calculated numerically from steady state Boltzmann equation, considering plasma follows druyvesteyn distribution. Followed by analysing transport parameters such as diffusion coefficient, drift velocity, mobility, and recombination rates in plasma. A comparative study for all plots gave been done with respect to pressure. The instability analysis of elastic collisional frequency with inelastic collisions, real frequency and growth factor with wave vector has been also listed in the study.

DFT/TDDFT studies on carbazole-antipyrine Schiff base organic dyes containing different πi-spacer for DSSCs applications

A series of organic dyes (W1-W12) with antipyrine and carbazole moieties as donor, thiophene derivatives (πi) and phenyl (π) as π-spacer and carboxyl group as acceptor were investigated theoretically based on the synthetic compounds WLE1 and WLE2. The calculated results revealed that the introduction of πi-spacers between antipyrine and carbazole moieties can significantly reduce HOMO and LUMO energy gap, and leading to the λmax red-shift and ƒ significantly increased. The designed dyes exhibit good photovoltaic performance, such as higher VOC, good LHE performance, negative values of ΔGinj, and smaller values of ΔGreg, which can lead to a higher JSC and hence a greater PCE. Especially, the dyes W9 and W12 could be the excellent candidate for high efficiency DSSCs applications. We further used (TiO2)6 as model semiconductor to evaluate the overall optoelectronic properties and transport parameters of the dye/TiO2 assembly after anchoring the dyes on the model TiO2 cluster.

Physicochemical and Heavy Metal Analysis of Industrial Pollution Model Calibration and Validation Using Field Measurements

This study assessed industrial pollution impacts on rivers near Port Harcourt, Nigeria using physicochemical analysis, heavy metal data, and contaminant transport modeling. Key findings show the rivers are severely degraded with extreme levels of heavy metals, low dissolved oxygen, high conductivity, nutrients, and fecal bacteria exceeding water quality guidelines. Uncontrolled effluent discharges from industries are primarily responsible. A first-order advection-diffusion model reliably predicted the rapid initial dilution and slower downstream attenuation of metals like magnesium and cadmium. The model was successfully calibrated and validated using field measurements to determine key transport parameters including dispersion coefficients. The severe contamination indicates current effluent treatment and regulations are inadequate and require urgent strengthening to control sources, expand monitoring, remediate contamination, restore habitats, and protect ecosystem and public health. Sustained engagement of government, industry, communities and researchers is essential to devise integrated solutions that improve water quality. The modeling provides quantitative guidance on pollution impacts and mitigation needs. Further work should refine predictions, establish ecological thresholds, and validate model results with biomonitoring to support evidence-based, adaptive management.

Transport of nanoscale zero-valent iron in the presence of rhamnolipid

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles have gained widespread use for in-situ treatment of various chlorinated hydrocarbons. Their non-toxic nature, affordability, and minimal maintenance requirements have made them a favored material for nanoremediation. The treatment typically involves the injection of nZVI particles into contaminated sites using direct-push well injection systems. However, their small size leads to high surface energy, causing aggregation that alters their physiochemical properties, reactivity, and transport behavior. To counteract aggregation, nZVI suspension can be stabilized with different surfactants, reducing the surface energy during subsurface soil transport. This study investigates the impact of rhamnolipid, a biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa during the late growth phase, on the aggregation and mobility of nZVI particles. The retardation factor of nZVI in the model media of zeolite, ZK406H, decreased from 1.66 in the absence of rhamnolipid to 1.03, 0.98, 0.93, and 0.87, corresponding to the presence of rhamnolipid at concentrations of 20, 50, 80, and 100 mg/L. The deposition coefficient also decreased from 2.39 in the absence of rhamnolipid to 0.459, 0.279, 0.217, and 0.0966, corresponding to the presence of rhamnolipid at concentrations of 20, 50, 80, and 100 mg/L. The transport parameters of nZVI in ZK406H were linked to the interactions of nZVI particles with ZK406H by the DLVO theory.