Good Transport Research Articles

Decoding cargo bikes’ potential to be a sustainable last-mile delivery mode: an operations management perspective

ABSTRACT Cargo bikes are considered as a low-cost and flexible last-mile solution for the transport of goods. However, there are few studies that identify and contextualise the factors underpinning their sustainable operations and potential to effectively work as the last leg of a green, efficient, and societally beneficial supply chain. The authors addressed this gap by systematically collecting and thematically analysing 49 articles published between 2017 and 2023. The findings demonstrate that cargo bikes can utilise their potential as a sustainable last-mile delivery mode if: (a) their operations are optimised (from parking to routing and from traffic management to load capacity planning); (b) their social sustainability performance is enhanced (e.g. safety, security, fatigue of workforce); and (c) the cities hosting them invest in bike-friendly infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, land use approaches and mobility hubs. This paper offers cargo bike insights that can assist relevant stakeholders to enhance their efficiency and overall adoption.

THE FREIGHT FORWARDING OPERATIONS WITH BULK CARGO IMPROVEMENT

Abstract. The article considers the technology of bulk cargo transportation option by accelerated trains, based on two separate routes that allow delivering goods to the countries of the European Union by land in the West of our country and through the ports of the Black Sea coast. Approaches that allow not only to choose the best option for the bulk cargo transporting by accelerated trains technology, but also improving the vehicles use under the conditions of limited resources are considered. The rationality of measures to improve the quality of freight transportation organization is not only the economic effect from freight charges, but also the time of delivery. The analysis of the generalized economic-mathematical model of container trains, that includes the main criteria and parameters taking into account the technical equipment of the chain and the technology of transit flows, when service channels of different capacity in can exist each part of the logistic transport chain, with different costs and effects on the development of road traffic. The model of a freight container train proposed in this section improves the technology for the goods in containers transportation by the railways. During the delivery and export of goods by vehicles model development, it is necessary to take into account the fact that under present conditions, the volume of small-scale transport is almost zero. This is because they are expensive (high transport fee), have low product safety and long delivery time. Almost all of them are now transported by road, so it is not recommended to consider them as a promising direction in the further development of services for the import and export of goods. After calculating the savings from car turnover by containers acceleration, it was found that shipping containers in a block container train is much more efficient than in a block group, as cargo delivery times are faster, ranging from 8.05 to 9.08 days. We get savings from acceleration of car turnover by containers for a year within 430 - 450 thousand UAH. Economic consequences of introduction of container trains in Ukraine for 5 years of operation is 1 965 128 UAH for the route (S1) and 1 979 142 UAH for the route (S2). The proposed approaches prospect of development may be clarified by predicting the volumes of transport and the costs of components associated with the transport of goods in containers, by using stochastic modeling methods and artificial intelligence.

Solving Dynamic Full-Truckload Vehicle Routing Problem Using an Agent-Based Approach

In today’s complex and dynamic transportation networks, increasing energy costs and adverse environmental impacts necessitate the efficient transport of goods or raw materials across a network to minimize all related costs through vehicle assignment and routing decisions. Vehicle routing problems under dynamic and stochastic conditions are known to be very challenging in both mathematical modeling and computational complexity. In this study, a special variant of the full-truckload vehicle assignment and routing problem was investigated. First, a detailed analysis of the processes in a liquid transportation logistics firm with a large fleet of tanker trucks was conducted. Then, a new original problem with distinctive features compared with similar studies in the literature was formulated, including pickup/delivery time windows, nodes with different functions (pickup/delivery, washing facilities, and parking), a heterogeneous truck fleet, multiple trips per truck, multiple trailer types, multiple freight types, and setup times between changing freight types. This dynamic optimization problem was solved using an intelligent multi-agent model with agent designs that run on vehicle assignment and routing algorithms. To assess the performance of the proposed approach under varying environmental conditions (e.g., congestion factors and the ratio of orders with multiple trips) and different algorithmic parameter levels (e.g., the latest response time to orders and activating the interchange of trip assignments between vehicles), a detailed scenario analysis was conducted based on a set of designed simulation experiments. The simulation results indicate that the proposed dynamic approach is capable of providing good and efficient solutions in response to dynamic conditions. Furthermore, using longer latest response times and activating the interchange mechanism have significant positive impacts on the relevant costs, profitability, ratios of loaded trips over the total distance traveled, and the acceptance ratios of customer orders.

Thermal effect of VIPV modules in refrigerated trucks

The integration of Photovoltaic (PV) modules within the outer structure of commercial transporters offers a great potential as an additional source of energy that can be utilized, for example, directly by the drive train of the vehicle, or by accessory equipment. However, to understand the benefits of such a system, the effect and relevance of some thermodynamic variables introduced by the Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaic (VIPV) system must be assessed. Particularly, the share of the solar irradiance that cannot be converted into electricity by the solar cell and is instead transformed into heat must be considered for certain applications such as the transportation of goods that require a controlled temperature. A one-dimensional thermal simulation model based on a Resistance-Capacitance methodology was created and validated experimentally. The model was used to predict the thermal behavior of the box-body of a truck for a representative year in three cities in Europe (Stockholm, Freiburg, and Seville), with a known Bill of Materials (BOM), and a set of given assumptions and constraints. It was found that, under the simulated conditions laid in this study, the additional heat generated by the PV modules that manages to go through the insulation material and reach the refrigerated cargo area, may raise the temperature of the contained air by an average of 0.36 °C, 0.5 °C, and 0.67 °C, respectively for the observed cities, and as much as 3.12 °C, 2.98 °C and 2.61 °C. When forced convection caused by the movement of the truck was applied into the model (with a constant wind speed of 50 km/h), the temperature of the solar cell dropped significantly, which, for the case of Freiburg, meant an increase in the contained air temperature of a maximum of 0.6 °C. A refrigeration system was subsequently considered for a target air temperature of 2 °C and −18 °C, and it was found that for the simulated scenarios, the harvested solar energy could easily offset the additional energetic demand caused by the PV system, and, in most cases, completely balance out the total annual demand of the chiller.

ASSESSMENT OF RISKS AND PROVIDING RECOMMENDATIONS TO MINIMIZE THEIR OCCURRENCE DURING TRANSPORTATION OF CARGO BY RAIL TRANSPORT.

Purpose: To assess the risks of emergency situations and provide recommendations for their minimization during the transportation of goods by rail transport. Method. On the basis of the methods of comparative typology, expert evaluations and system analysis for the route that runs through the industrial districts of Kryvyi Rih, using the methods of analysis of the causes and consequences of a key event, the combined diagram of the Ishikawa tree of a key event, risk maps of a key event, the analysis of hidden and direct priorities was determined indicator of the risk of the complex effect of negative factors of emergency situations during the transportation of heavy metals. The results. the authors identified the most likely causes of the emergency situation: 1) A rocket projectile that damaged the track, as a result of which the spontaneous exit of wagons occurred; 2) Exceeding the speed of a tank train; 3) Icy, which led to an increase in the braking distance and an accident; 4) Neglect of obstacles to movement before the movement of tanks, which in turn can lead to a stoppage of the technological process, cargo spillage and financial losses. A probabilistic risk assessment was carried out on the basis of an expert assessment of the risk operator and measures to reduce the occurrence of emergency situations were proposed with annual costs for them, thousand UAH. After that, a map of probabilistic risk assessment and a map of probabilistic assessment of risk management effects were created, which provide an opportunity for effective management and management of the probable cause of an emergency situation and the selection of financial investments for measures to reduce the occurrence of emergency situations. After that, it was proposed to use the combined wagon model 17-975(01) with all the necessary equipment as a means for quick localization and liquidation of the consequences of spills of emissions of hazardous substances during their transportation by railway transport in the event of an accident. The economic feasibility of using the proposed tool was also substantiated. The scientific novelty consists in the created model for the analysis of the risk assessment of an emergency situation, as well as the identification of possible causes and factors of the occurrence of emergency situations during the transportation of dangerous goods by railway transport, as well as the development of recommendations for their reduction. The practical significance is the implementation of the developed recommendations, based on the created model, for the formation of a special wagon, for operational needs, with the selection of the necessary equipment for the rapid implementation of the 1st stage of localization and liquidation measures.

RESEARCH OF CHANGES IN THE POWER OF CAR FLOW AT THE SHUTTING STATION DURING THE PERIOD OF MILITARY ACTIONS

It is impossible to solve the problem of improving the system of organizing car flows in trains at the current level of information support without creating an information and management system that will integrate into a single information and computing space the most important optimization tasks covering all levels of managing the process of freight transportation on railway transport, such as such as the calculation of the routing of car flows from loaded and empty cars, the calculation of the plan for the formation of freight trains at the training ground of the main technical stations, the calculation of the plan for the formation of local trains in the areas of local work, and the construction of adjusted operational plans for the operation of stations. The aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine fundamentally changed the system of railway transport of Ukraine. The volume of cargo transportation by rail transport during military operations in the east of Ukraine decreased by 37% in 2022, but already in 2023, an increase in the transportation of some types of cargo began, in particular, grain cargo, mineral construction materials, dangerous bulk cargoes, military equipment. Transportation of goods by railways of Ukraine, especially during military operations, is not carried out evenly over a long period of time and has fluctuations in the capacity of car flows. The updated directions of their tracking, which depend on the technical condition of the railway infrastructure for the current period, lead to a change in the direction of tracking of car flows and, as a consequence, their organization into trains according to the formation plan at technical stations. The conducted studies established that the capacities of car flows are random values, therefore it is advisable to use mathematical statistics methods for their description, and modeling methods for forecasting work with them. Those car flows that arrive at the sorting station most of all fall under the geometric law of distribution of a random variable depending on the power of the direction of arrival, which has a significant impact on the accumulation parameter at the station. Fluctuations in the capacity of car flows are quite significant and depend on a sufficiently large number of factors. For the operational planning of the work of sorting stations, it is necessary to take the characteristics of the current state or a sample of data for short periods (a decade, a week), that is, it is necessary to constantly analyze the data from the ASK of the VP UZ - there is, therefore, a study of the capacity of car flows in the technical station during the period of changing their directions is an actual task and can be used to adjust the dispatcher routing and the plan for the formation of single-group and group freight trains.

RESEARCH ON LOGISTIC COSTS IN TRANSPORTATION OF AGRICULTURAL CARGO BY ROAD AND RAIL TRANSPORT MODES

Goal. Starting with the full-scale invasion on February 24, 2022, the aggressor country began to make it difficult to access major ports in southern Ukraine, limiting the importation, transportation, and export of grain. This forced shippers to look for alternative routes for transporting grain to foreign seaports. A large share of the transportation of grain cargo fell on railway transport and on western terminals, which caused long queues at crossing points. Restrictions also affected the capacity of internal railway lines. To restore the transportation of agricultural goods and increase the efficiency of the organization of grain transportation, it is necessary to conduct a study of the logistics costs of road and rail transportation, considering such factors as the type of shipment, the volume of cargo, time costs, the cost of transportation, and the capacity of border crossings and terminals. Method. The research was carried out based on statistical analysis, methods of operational work for calculating the norms of mass and length of route trains, a comprehensive analysis of logistics costs when transporting various types of shipments by rail and road modes of transport, considering the technical equipment of terminals and the capacity of crossing points, the train formation plan (TFP). The results. Based on calculations, the conditional lengths of route trains are determined, with their further bringing them to the current PFP on the railways of Ukraine; the cost of delivery of grain cargoes when transported by rail was calculated for various types of shipments, and a comparison was made with road transport; terms of cargo delivery, main advantages and disadvantages of each type of transportation are determined; analysed and selected the best method of transportation of agricultural cargo, taking into account the weight of the cargo being transported, the time spent on transportation along the tracking routes; a comparison of financial costs per ton of cargo was made; proposed options for increasing the throughput of border railway stations. The work also identifies the busiest terminals that carry out a significant share of cargo processing at border railway stations with a relatively large capacity and technical support for the transhipment of grain depending on the types of shipments, namely: railway stations and their transitions - Chop - Chierna-nad-Tysoy, Mostyska II-Medyka and Izov - Hrebushiv. Practical significance. The obtained results can be applied in decision-making systems for shippers, which will help in choosing the optimal route and type of rolling stock for cargo transportation. The rational choice of types of shipments and transfer stations makes it possible to use technical means for cargo transhipment as effectively as possible, to reduce the waiting time of wagons at border stations while waiting for technological operations and to reduce the time for these operations, to reduce the total costs of transporting agricultural goods. Options for increasing the throughput capacity of border stations will make it possible to speed up the delivery of cargo by speeding up the execution of mandatory operations performed at transhipment points or by removing part of such operations altogether.

The analysis and assessment of the volume of transit transportation in the Republic of Kazakhstan by types of transport

The purpose of this article is to assess the transit capacity of Kazakhstan in order to identify the main factors influencing the development of transit opportunities and transport connections in the country. The purpose of this comprehensive analysis is to identify key opportunities and problematic aspects in the country's transit capabilities, as well as to identify recommendations for the modernization and development of the transit industry in the interests of economic attractiveness and increasing the competitiveness of Kazakhstan as a transit hub on the world stage. The definition of transit potential is one of those related to the assessment of the potential for using a particular transport route or transport opportunity for the transportation of certain goods and passengers. A transit potential assessment includes an analysis of factors such as geography, accessibility, infrastructure, demand for transport services and competitive advantages and allows you to determine the effectiveness of the use of a transport route or infrastructure, identify possible problems or bottlenecks, and develop strategies for improving the transit system. This work is an analytical study of the transit capabilities of our country. The research manuscript provides a correlation and regression analysis of the total volume of transit traffic in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is one of the ways to study international economic relations between the volume of traffic and various factors. The results obtained in the conducted analyses allow us to offer recommendations on improving the efficiency and competitiveness of the transit sector in Kazakhstan.

Environmental policy stringency, ICT, and technological innovation for achieving sustainable development: Assessing the importance of governance and infrastructure

Achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) has garnered significant attention from academia and policymakers worldwide. In this study, we examine the impact of ICT, technological innovation (TI), and environmental policy stringency (EPS) on SDI, considering the moderating role of governance quality (GQI) and transport infrastructure (TIS). A comprehensive dataset of 17 advanced nations is utilized from 1996 to 2021. To capture the dynamic and extreme marginal impacts of these policy instruments on SDG attainment, we employ the advanced technique of Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS). The results demonstrate that ICT has a positive and significant effect on SDGs, particularly when combined with high levels of governance quality (GOV) and transport infrastructure (TIS). Likewise, TI has a positive impact on SDGs, especially in the presence of strong governance. Furthermore, EPS exhibits a positive association with SDGs. The findings also reveal that while governance hurts SDGs, this effect diminishes when combined with higher levels of ICT, TI, and EPS, and when TIS positively moderates the relationships. The robustness estimations using DOLS and PCSE methods validate the FGLS findings. These results underscore the importance of ICT, TI, and EPS in advancing sustainable development. Moreover, they highlight the significance of good governance and robust transport infrastructure in maximizing the positive effects of these factors. These findings hold implications for policymakers and stakeholders involved in promoting sustainable development.

Translating global norms into national action. Insights from the implementation of societal security norms in Sweden

AbstractThe way in which norms diffuse from the international level and are implemented at the national level has been a key interest of social constructivists in general and norm scholars in particular for many decades. Nonetheless, surprisingly little effort has been made to understand or explain the factors that make norm implementation successful. This article sets out to systematically assess commonly highlighted implementation factors—actors, norm characteristics, and structures—to expand knowledge of whether or how these affect domestic norm implementation. To this end, the article conducts a structured, focused comparison of three cases of norms from the societal security sphere—the transportation of dangerous goods, disaster risk reduction, and cybersecurity—to explore their implementation processes in Sweden. The study explores whether, and if so how, previously suggested key factors are important when implementing global norms at the national level. The comparison concludes that the structure, including the venue for and availability of policy instruments, has been the most decisive factor in the coherent assessment of the three sample cases.

About Failure of the LPG Tank Fastening Welds on the Chassis of Trucks

Abstract The international road transport of dangerous goods is subject to strict regulations. Traffic realities and experiences accumulated as a result of periodic inspections of specific equipment (tanks) lead to their constant updating and improvement. This article is focused to a study related to the appearance over time of some cracks in the welded joints between the tank and the mounting supports on the truck chassis.

FAULT TREE METHOD AS A DECISION-MAKING TOOL FOR ASSESSING THE RISKS OF TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS LOADS

Improving road traffic safety on the one hand and increasing the transport of dangerous goods on the other requires searching for methods and tools for risk assessment at various levels of transport of this type of cargo. This is directly related to the disruption of the safety and efficiency of road transport systems around transporting dangerous goods. In this respect, risk assessment and its estimation method are a significant issue. The article analyzes the risk resulting from the transport of dangerous goods. Threats occurring during the organization and execution of the transport of dangerous goods were identified and risk assessment studies were carried out using the FTA method (fault tree method). The purpose of using the FTA method was to develop and graphically illustrate a set of factors that cause adverse events in the transport of dangerous goods. TopEvent FTA computer software was used to verify the proposed approach, which is used both to construct error trees and to identify and correct irregularities in existing trees.

Bukovyna as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and its socio-economic development on the eve of rail way construction

This article examines how the socio-economic conditions in Bukovyna influenced the formation and development of the railway network in the region. It explores whether these processes aligned with the global trends of the time. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, memoirs, and archival materials, it was found that the topic of the formation and functioning of the railway network in Bukovyna had not been systematically studied. It was revealed that the Austrian authorities, by turning Bukovyna into an internal colony of the Habsburg Empire, kept the region in the position of a raw material appendage and a market for the industry of the empire's central provinces. The tariff, customs, credit, and tax systems introduced by the imperial government supported this process, acting in the interests of Austro-Hungarian capital. The development of the railway network was aimed at ensuring the economic interests of the empire, which affected the socio-economic development of Bukovyna. In particular, the construction of railways improved the transport infrastructure, leading to increased trade and higher volumes of raw material and goods transportation. However, this development had a dual nature. On one hand, it promoted economic growth and modernization of the region, but on the other hand, it intensified Bukovyna's dependence on the central provinces of the empire, limiting its economic autonomy and the development of local industry. The article also analyzes the impact of railway construction on the social aspects of life in Bukovyna. The railway became an important factor in migration, contributing to urbanization and the growth of the working class. However, at the same time, social tensions increased due to the unequal distribution of economic benefits and the intensification of local population exploitation. The conclusions of the article emphasize the need for further research to fully understand the impact of railway development on Bukovyna in the context of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and to compare these processes with similar developments in other parts of the world.

IMPLEMENTATION OF RPA BOTS IN COLD SUPPLY CHAIN LOGISTICS

Due to the significant use of low-temperature logistics in the transportation of perishable goods, the demand for the cold chain has increased. To ensure delivery efficiency and reduce damage, logistics companies should monitor the status of deliveries over short time intervals. Tracking the delivery status is a time-consuming, resource-intensive, inefficient and repetitive process. Therefore, robotic Process Automation (RPA) applications have attracted the attention of practitioners in the cold chain logistics industry. By studying the workflow of cold chain logistics, this study helps to identify possible areas that require automation. As part of the case study, the performance of two automatic RPA robots used in a forwarding company to check the condition of cargo and temperature conditions was tested and evaluated. The results showed that the introduction of RPA into the workflow significantly reduces data processing time.

FREIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: RIGHTWAYS AIR LOGISTICS SOLUTION

Abstract In modern logistics and supply chain management, the freight management system (FMS) is a key tool for optimizing the transportation and storage of goods. This is because the global trade has become more extensive and the supply chain solution was required to grow and incorporate FMS solutions, in order to enhance speed, productivity, and business outcome. This is because the abstract of FMS detailed highlights FMS elements and its functions, how it improves the efficiency of the operation, reduces cost and its connection with the customers. Core Modules of a Freight Management System: order management, transportation management, warehouse management, tracking and visibility, and compliance and risk management. Technologies from the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain to autonomous vehicles are integrated into each of the modules to improve performance and reliability. To keep tabs on shipments and ensure they are delivered in time, you need visibility. Index Terms – Web-Based Application, Pickup Creation, Consignment tracking, and Reports creation.

Theoretical Considerations from the Modelling of the Interaction between Road Design and Fuel Consumption on Urban and Suburban Roadways

A roadway path is most commonly perceived as a 3-D element structure placed within its surrounding environment either within or outside urban areas. Design guidelines are usually strictly followed to ensure safe and comfort transportation of people and goods, but in full alignment with the terrain configuration and the available space, especially in urban and suburban areas. In the meantime, vehicles travelling along a roadway consume fuel and emit pollutants in a way that depends on both the driving attitude as well as the peculiar characteristics of road design and/or pavement surface condition. This study focuses on the environmental behavior of roadways in terms of fuel consumption, especially of heavy vehicles that mainly serve the purpose of freight transportation within urban areas. The impact of horizontal and vertical profiles of a roadway structure is theoretically considered through the parameters of speed and longitudinal slope, respectively. Based on theoretical calculations with an already developed model, it was found that the slope plays the most critical role, controlling the rate of fuel consumption increase, as an increase ratio of 2.5 was observed for a slope increase from 2% to 7%. The variation was less intense for a speed ranging from 25 to 45 km/h. The investigation additionally revealed useful discussion points for the need to consider the environmental impact of roadways during the operation phase for a more sustainable management of freight transportation procedures, thereby stimulating an ad hoc development of fuel consumption models based on actual measurements so that local conditions can be properly accounted for and used by road engineers and/or urban planners.

DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE COLD SUPPLY CHAIN OF PERISHABLE PRODUCTS

The purpose of the work is to analyze the cold supply chain of perishable products (PP) of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the country, to assess the volume of production of SPP that requires compliance with the temperature regime; to analyze the transportation of perishable goods of the Republic of Kazakhstan by all modes of transport, to analyze the load capacity of refrigerated vehicles in the country, to identify problems of storage and transportation infrastructure in the supply chains of the PP, to determine the directions of their development, to develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of functioning and development of the infrastructure of the cold chain. The work uses statistical and analytical methods of generalization and comparative analysis, an expert survey. The paper provides recommendations for business and the state to improve the areas of the cold chain of the PP, namely: it is necessary to create an authorized state body, which will be entrusted with the authority to develop the running chain of food products, to address issues of regulation of the cold chain market; the adoption of new regulatory documents to improve the turnover of the PP; investments in the running chain, training. Keywords: perishable products; supply chain; logistics infrastructure; vegetable store; food warehouse.

Breakthrough in the Relativity of Traditional Contract Subjects: The Case of the International Contract for the Carriage of Goods

The contract of carriage of goods is a typical agreement commonly encountered in both domestic and international trade. Relevant legislation pertaining to this matter can be found dispersed across civil codes, commercial codes, and specialized transport laws in various countries. According to the relativity of traditional contracts, the contracts are only binding on the contracting parties. However, with the development of the economy and the sophistication of the social division of labor, the behavior of goods transportation often involves the interests of third parties other than the contractual counterparts. Hence, the practice has required the breakthrough of the relativity of the contract of carriage of goods. From the views of the subjects, the groups of the shipper, the carrier, and the consignee have emerged. This paper studies the above three subjects, from the perspective of comparative law to recognize the legal phenomenon of the breakthrough in the relativity of the subject of the contract of carriage of goods.

Optimization of merchandise delivery logistics: case studies at Bejaia port

The object of the study is the logistics of goods delivery by ports. This study presents a methodology designed to improve the efficiency of goods delivery logistics at the Bejaia port (Algeria). It prioritizes the optimization of empty container allocation to the ZEP zone, taking into account the geographical accessibility of the Tixter area, aiming to reduce the high costs linked with goods transportation. At the core of this strategy lies the use of simulation techniques to optimize truck fleets, ensuring maximum utilization rates and effective management of delivery operations by the Bejaia Mediterranean Terminal (BMT) for its clients. Addressing this challenge, the study offers an exhaustive analysis, integrating truck assignment models and accessibility assessments of logistic zones. The results highlight the paramount significance of optimal resource allocation and synchronized client coordination for achieving streamlined goods delivery. It becomes apparent that employing these methodologies can yield substantial productivity improvements, emphasizing their pivotal role in strengthening the port's logistical infrastructure. Via rigorous analysis and insights derived from data, this study elucidates avenues towards achieving operational excellence within the logistical infrastructure of the port. By harnessing innovative strategies to confront persistent challenges, such as optimizing truck fleets and strategically allocating resources, the research anticipates a profound transformation in the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of goods delivery operations. Ultimately, the integration of these methodologies holds the potential to propel the port of Bejaia towards enduring success and a competitive edge in the ever-evolving landscape of global trade. Through extensive efforts, this strategy can be extended to other national and international ports operating under similar conditions, as it provides valuable information and methodologies to optimize logistics and transportation operations.

An ANALYSIS OF CONTRACTOR PERFORMANCE FOR ROAD REHABILITATION WORK USING SPECIAL ALLOCATION FUND OF 2022 IN MALANG REGENCY

Road is one of basic infrastructure playing crucial role in development process. Good condition of road creates properes transportation system. It, in turns ensures smooth movement of men and goods. Good transportation will make price of public goods cheap. So far, road rehabilitation works in Malang regency are conducted by usin Special Allocation Fund raising severeal problems such as late down payment, material queue and other. This study aims at analysisng performance of contractor of road rehabiitation using Special Allocation Fund of 2022 in Malang Regency. Customer Satisfaction Index analysis is used to analyse the contractors performance. In addition, Importance Performance Analysis is employed to find out performance variabel that should be improved or maintained. Then, simple linear regression analysis is used to find out the correlation between stakeholders’ level of satisfaction and performance importance on the part of contractors of road rehabilitation works using Special Allocation Fund of 2022 in Malang Regency. The findings shows that stakehoders are higly satisfied with performance of contractors of road rehabilitation works using Special Allocation Fund of 2022 in Malang Regency. It is shown by score of CSI 86,99%. It is also found that there is positive and significant correlation between stakeholders’ level of satisfaction and performance importance on the part of contractors of road rehabilitation works using Special Allocation Fund of 2022 in Malang Regency. However, there are some performance variables that should be improved by the contractors.