Transport Of Dangerous Substances Research Articles

Development of mathematical decision-making support tools for effective response to emergencies during the transportation of dangerous substances by road transport

Every year, the world sees an increase in the volume of hazardous goods transported by road. However, emergencies may arise related to the depressurization of containers (tanks, containers, cylinders, etc.) during the transportation of dangerous goods under various circumstances (traffic accidents, natural disasters, acts of terrorism, etc.). Furthermore, it can cause the ingress of hazardous chemicals into the environment and create significant risks for the population of the surrounding areas and habitat. The existing methods for assessing chemical accident consequences need to be revised. Therefore, they are not practical tools for solving problems of prompt response to emergencies associated with accidents while transporting dangerous substances by road transport. Unlike the existing ones, the authors developed new mathematical tools that consider all the main factors. They allow for determining the area of the affected zone, forecasting changes in its scale, and assessing risks to public health due to such emergencies. Comparison of the simulation results with the field measurements data showed high accuracy of the developed mathematical support.

Geographic Information Systems in Management on the Example of a Traffic Incident with a Chemical

The purpose of the article is to present various adverse events that may occur in connection with the loading, unloading and transport of dangerous substances. The focus was on finding the reasons for their formation and an analysis of the quantity and structure of the goods transported was carried out. It also describes the possibility of using the geographical information system, with particular regard to the risk situation during the transport of such substances.

Modelação e cenarização de acidentes com matérias perigosas nas infraestruturas de transporte do município de Mortágua

O desenvolvimento e o bem-estar das sociedades industrializadas obrigam à inevitável convivência com matérias perigosas. Encontramo-las nos diversos estados físicos, em condições de pressão e temperatura muito distintas, armazenadas dentro de unidades industriais e espaços comerciais com caraterísticas distintas, nas mais variadas vias de comunicação convencionais ou nas condutas de transporte implantadas ao longo do território, contribuindo, significativamente, para a sua dispersão territorial. Este estudo refere-se, exclusivamente, à área do município de Mortágua. Pretendeu-se com ele proceder ao levantamento das infraestruturas que suportam o transporte de matérias perigosas, o tipo de matérias perigosas que nelas circulam e a sua frequência de transporte. Posteriormente, recorreu-seao software ALOHA® para simular a ocorrência de um acidente em cada infraestrutura, motivando três situações distintas: a propagação de uma nuvem tóxica, de uma nuvem inflamável e da radiação térmica provocada por BLEVE ou Jet Fire. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a falta de informação relativa a alguns tipos de transporte de matérias perigosas e, quando existe, não está tratada de forma adequada.

Threats related to accidental release of LPG in rail transport

The transport of dangerous substances is potentially hazardous to people and the environment. Failures of installations or equipment as well as errors of people who operate them may contribute to uncontrolled release of a dangerous substance, creating a chemical threat as a result of contamination, fire or explosion. The aim of the study was to analyse the extent and scale of threats to residents and emergency services in the event of an accidental release of LPG from a tank or a railway tank in built-up areas. The inspiration was a train disaster that happened in in Italy the city of Viareggio in 2009. The Aloha program was used for needs of the research. The presented hazard zones were generated on the basis of emergency scenarios for the release of LPG. During the modelling of danger zones, parameters of emergency release of 45 tons of gas from a railway tanker in the city were reproduced. Five scenarios were devised that could occur during the uncontrolled release of LPG into the atmosphere. For each of them, the effects are listed of failures that residents of the built-up area in which the event occurred may potentially encounter. In the summary of the work, reference was made to the discussed railway disaster and its effects, as well as to modelled emergency release scenarios. An evaluation was made of the application used. It provides an example of using a mathematical model. The application is developed by The Cameo Software Suite, in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency.

Accident scenario modelling with hazardous materials in transportation infrastructures

The development and well-being of industrialised societies require constant coexistence with hazardous materials. These can be found in different physical states, under very different conditions of pressure and temperature, stored inside industrial units and commercial spaces with different characteristics, in the most varied conventional means of communication or in transport conduits deployed throughout the territory, greatly contributing to the territorial dispersion of these substances. This study focused on Mortágua Municipality, which is in the Central Region of Portugal. To develop this work, the authors analysed the infrastructures that support the transport of dangerous substances, the types of dangerous substances that circulate and how frequently they are transported. Then, the Aloha software was used to simulate the occurrence of an accident in each infrastructure, motivating three different analyses: the propagation of a toxic cloud, a flammable cloud and thermal radiation caused by a boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion or jet fire. The results obtained show a lack of information on some of the types of transport for these dangerous substances, and when these data exist, they are not properly handled. However, it can be concluded that if an accident occurs in the presented municipality, the socio-economic losses will be very high.

ANALYZING THE RISKS OF TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS BASED ON THE ADR

The transport of dangerous substances is an important issue that needs to be emphasized and requires expertise in terms of the safety of human life. In order to minimize the risks that may arise during the logistics of hazardous materials and to prevent damages and hazards, regulations have been introduced that enable them to be realized in a standardized and systematic whole world. Among these arrangements, the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) is the convention that sets out the rules required in the road transport process. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors obtained by carrying out a scale study for the logistics companies carrying out dangerous goods transportation with ADR point of view. First, a comprehensive list of potential risk factors that may occur during transport of dangerous goods from the literature has been established. Thirty-five risk factors were evaluated by 188 persons specialized in hazardous goods transport. The 22 main risks obtained by the exploratory factor analysis are classified under five main factors. These titles; human factor, company factor, material and packaging, vehicle status, environment and traffic factor.

The risks connected with accidents on highways and railways

Safety in an integral sense is a comprehensive tool by which the humans ensure the level of their security and the sustainable development of them and of other basic public assets in a given territory. In addition to individual parts of human system it is necessary to consider their mutual links and flows being among them. One of the sectors in which security plays an important role is tourism. An integral part of it is transportation of persons, but also material and its associated safety. Safety is fundamental to any transport system; it must always be the top priority. The authors of this article focused on one particular specific area: the safety of transporting dangerous goods in the Czech Republic. The main reason was that traffic accidents with dangerous goods have big impacts on goods and vicinity, i.e. humans and environment (Maturo in Ecol Indic 90:305–315, 2018). They are accompanied by fire, explosion, leakage of dangerous substances, or combination of these phenomena. These facts have economic impacts on carriers (damage or destruction of goods) and as well as on protected assets at the accident site (damage to infrastructure, human health injury or loss of human lives of persons being in the vicinity, harms in environment). The aim of the paper is to analyse the traffic accidents involving dangerous substances on the motorways and main railway routes in the Czech Republic, to characterize their impacts, to judge response in case of accidents´ occurrences and on evaluation of real data to suggest the measures for increasing safety in the carriage of dangerous substances. The authors focused on the statistical evaluation of accidents and on analysis of accidents during the transport of dangerous substances from the perspective of the impacts on people and other public assets.

DESTINATION Project: Data Analysis Relating to the Transport of Dangerous Substances by Road in 2015

One of the activities included in the DESTINATION project - DangErous tranSport To New prevenTive Instruments, related to the safety of dangerous goods transport by road, concerns the analysis of data from the monitoring network implemented on the project area.The monitoring network consists of more than 30 cameras - gates able to detect the orange plate (reading the letters and numbers KEMLER and UN code) positioned on vehicles used to transport hazardous substances; the cameras were installed in the 5 regions involved in the project.At the end of the first year of the monitoring system operation (2015), an analysis of the acquired data was performed in order to know the type and quantity of substances passing through the roads of the project area.Due to the lack of thorough statistical data about this type of transport, the proposed study can represent a valid database for carrying out quantitative risk analysis associated with the transport of dangerous goods by road. The statistical elaborations carried out are articulated on several levels: hourly, daily, weekly, monthly and by substance.The proposed work involves two kinds of analysis: general analysis (aggregated) and detailed analysis (disaggregated); aggregated analysis considers the average values referred to the whole project area while the disaggregated ones allow to analyse the information related to each single camera (gate).

Diagnosis on Transport Risk Based on a Combined Assessment of Road Accidents and Watershed Vulnerability to Spills of Hazardous Substances.

Roads play an important role in the economic development of cities and regions, but the transport of cargo along highways may represent a serious environmental problem because a large portion of transported goods is composed of dangerous products. In this context, the development and validation of risk management tools becomes extremely important to support the decision-making of people and agencies responsible for the management of road enterprises. In the present study, a method for determination of environmental vulnerability to road spills of hazardous substances is coupled with accident occurrence data in a highway, with the purpose to achieve a diagnosis on soil and water contamination risk and propose prevention measures and emergency alerts. The data on accident occurrences involving hazardous and potentially harmful products refer to the highway BR 050, namely the segment between the Brazilian municipalities of Uberaba and Uberlândia. The results show that many accidents occurred where vulnerability is high, especially in the southern sector of the segment, justifying the implementation of prevention and alert systems. The coupling of vulnerability and road accident data in a geographic information system proved efficient in the preparation of quick risk management maps, which are essential for alert systems and immediate environmental protection. Overall, the present study contributes with an example on how the management of risk can be conducted in practice when the transport of dangerous substances along roads is the focus problem.

Evaluation of the Consequences of a Cistern Truck Accident While Transporting Dangerous Substances through a Tunnel.

The transportation of dangerous substances by truck carriers harbors important safety issues in both road and mine tunnels. Even though traffic conditions in road and mine tunnels are different, the potential geometric and hydrodynamic similarities can lead to similar effects from the uncontrolled leakage of the dangerous material. This work was motivated by the design study of the LAGUNA-LBNO (Large Apparatus studying Grand Unification and Neutrino Astrophysics and Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillations) project. The considered neutrino detector requires a huge amount of liquid argon, which must be transported down the tunnel. The present work focuses on the estimation of the most credible incident and the resulting consequences in the case of a truck accident in the tunnel. The approach and tools used in the present work are generic and can be adapted to other similar situations.

Wymagania stawiane podmiotom podejmujacym sie transportu substancji niebezpiecznych w polsce

Wymagania stawiane podmiotom podejmujacym sie transportu substancji niebezpiecznych w polsce

Mapping the Hazards of Transport of Dangerous Substances by Rail

Mapping the Hazards of Transport of Dangerous Substances by Rail

Individual and Social Risk during Transportation of Dangerous Substances

This article aims to present new views on risk assessment, primarily individual and social risks during transportation of dangerous substance. Included are modelling procedures and methods applied to calculate dangerous substance exposure to the biodiversity of the environment, solved in project BIOTRA. New procedures and methods applied for calculation of environmental exposure by dangerous substance outflows in road transport are also presented.

Experimental Studies on the Weathering of Chemical Products in Open Cells to Predict Their Behaviour in Case of a Spill

Abstract Recent data highlights the growing trend in the transport of dangerous substances and the consequent evolution in legislation concerning such substances, whether on a European level (evolu...

Aspects of risk analysis associated with major failures of fuel pipelines

This paper presents a methodology of risk assessment for hazards associated with transportation of dangerous substances in long pipelines. The proposed methodology comprises a sequence of analyses and calculations used to determine basic reasons of pipeline failures and their probable consequences, taking individual and societal risk into account. A specific feature of this methodology is a combination of qualitative (historical data analysis, conformance test and scoring system of hazard assessment) and quantitative techniques of pipeline safety assessment. This enables a detailed analysis of risk associated with selected hazard sources by means of quantitative techniques. On the ground of this methodology typical problems that usually pose serious threat and constitute part of risk analysis for long fuel pipelines are also presented. To verify above methodology, complete risk analysis was performed for the long distance fuel pipeline in Poland.

Three Conceptions of Quantified Societal Risk

In several European countries efforts are undertaken, in particular with regard to fixed industrial installations and transport of dangerous substances, to quantify the “societal risk” (SR) of accidents that may cause more than one victim at a time. This article explores the nature of such efforts. SR‐models are essentially ways to structure the distribution of potential social costs of decisions about hazardous activities (e.g., costs of risk reduction, of land use forgone). First, the various ways to describe SR quantitatively, and to set limits to SR will be presented in short. Next, using a scheme developed by Fischhoff and colleagues, the various approaches will be placed in broad categories of reaching acceptable risk decisions: bootstrapping, formal analysis, and professional judgment. Each of the three categories offers a particular appreciation of the risks as ‘external costs’. This has important political implications. In the discussion it is argued that local SR‐limits, by the very nature of SR, should be set in a way that creates consistency with any potential supra‐local interests involved. Second, particular attention is paid to the validity of claims that SR‐limits should reflect a strong risk aversion.

079. Transportation of Dangerous Substances: Consequences of an Accident

079. Transportation of Dangerous Substances: Consequences of an Accident

The ARIPAR project: analysis of the major accident risks connected with industrial and transportation activities in the Ravenna area

The paper describes the ARIPAR project aimed at the assessment of the major accident risks connected with storage, process and transportation of dangerous substances in the densely populated Ravenna area in Italy, which includes a large complex of chemical and petrochemical plants and minor industries, essentially distributed around an important commercial port. Large quantities of dangerous goods are involved in various transportation forms connected with the industrial and commercial activity of the port. The project started by making a complete inventory of fixed installations and transportation activities capable of provoking major fire, explosion and toxic release events; then relevant accident scenarios were developed for the single hazard sources; probabilities were assigned to the events and consequences were evaluated; finally iso-risk contours and F-N diagrams were evaluated both for the single sources and for the overall area. This required the development of a particular methodology for analysis of area risk and of associated software packages which allowed examination of the relative importance of the different activities and typologies of materials involved. The methodological approach and the results have proved to be very useful for the priority-ranking of risk mitigating interventions and physical planning in a complex area.

Risk analysis of the transportation of dangerous goods by road and rail

In any debate about the transport of dangerous goods where the effectiveness of existing legislative controls is challenged, it is very important that there is a full understanding of the magnitude of the risks involved and the causes and major contributors so that properly informed decisions can be made. This paper gives details of the methodology developed for the analysis of the risks arising from the carriage, in bulk, of toxic and flammable substances by road and rail as part of a major study into the risks faced by the British population from the transport of dangerous substances. This paper concentrates on the novel aspects of the study and in particular consequence and human impact modelling. Models are given for the interaction of passenger and dangerous goods trains taking into account the ability of signals and other systems to detect and stop approaching trains. In the case of road transport, the models allow for the characteristics of different road types and the behaviour of motorists to be simulated. The relative risks of transporting hazardous materials by road or rail are explored and it is shown that the inclusion of motorist and rail passenger populations significantly affects the calculated risk levels. It is concluded that the safe routing of materials with large hazard ranges may be more easily achieved by road. While, the natural separation afforded by the rail system may make this mode more suitable for lower hazard materials. However, it is concluded that in Britain, there appears to be no evidence to support, on safety grounds, a general transfer of hazardous goods from road to rail or the reverse.

Major hazard aspects of the transport of dangerous substances

Major hazard aspects of the transport of dangerous substances