Transport Drivers Research Articles

Abstract 17616: The Association Between Hypokinetic Left Ventricle And Pulmonary Embolism

Case Description: A 49-year-old male patient working as a public transport driver presented with syncope lasting a few minutes, followed by non-exertional substernal discomfort. He was hemodynamically stable with a normal physical examination. Laboratory tests revealed an elevated D-dimer of 1146 mg/L and troponin peaking at 1.38 ng/mL. CT Pulmonary angiography was performed, revealing a saddle embolus with signs of right heart strain (Figure 1). A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) of 31-35%, and moderately decreased left ventricular systolic function. A venous duplex and hypercoagulability workup yielded negative results. Left-heart catheterization showed normal coronary arteries. A repeat transthoracic echocardiogram three days later showed improvement in LV systolic function with an EF of 41-45% and normal LV function. He was discharged on apixaban with appropriate follow-up. Discussion: Saddle embolism is one of the rare but life-threatening forms of pulmonary embolism. It causes RV dilatation and flattening of the interventricular septum towards the left side, decreasing cardiac output via the “Reverse Bernheim Effect". Rarely, it affects LV contractility and LV ejection fraction. Together, this can lead to severe hemodynamic instability and increase the risk of complications like pulmonary infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiogenic shock. Therefore, clinicians must be aware of this possibility, as early detection and timely treatment improve patient outcomes.

Legal Relationship Between Platform Service Providers and Online Transportation Driver as Gig Workers (Platform Workers)

This research aims to determine the classification of legal relationships between platform service providers and online transportation drivers as gig workers (platform workers). The choice of theme is motivated by the fact that so far the legal relationship that occurs between platform service providers and online transportation drivers is a partnership relationship, but the partnership relationship that occurs does not implement the principles of partnership in its implementation in the business world. This partnership cooperation relationship is not regulated in the Law Number 20 of 2008 regarding Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises or the Indonesian labour law because the Indonesian labour law only recognizes working relationships, while in the Law Number 20 of 2008 regarding Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises because the original intent of the partnership in Law No.20/2008 is very different from the partnership relationship that is currently happening between platform service providers and online transportation drivers. Then the writing of this paper uses a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and an analytical approach. The legal material obtained by the author will be analyzed using descriptive analytical analysis techniques, namely a method of analyzing legal material by determining the content or meaning of legal rules in terms of partnership cooperation relationships, as well as the Civil Code. From the results of research with the above methods, the classification of legal relationships between platform service providers and online transportation drivers as gig workers (platform workers) is classified as a partnership relationship based on the Subordinate union of partnership, namely a partnership based on the merger of two or more parties that are subordinately related

Artificial Intelligence Component of the FERODATA AI Engine to Optimize the Assignment of Rail Freight Locomotive Drivers

The optimization of locomotive drivers’ scheduling in rail freight transportation comes as a necessity for minimizing economic expenses and training investments. The Ferodata AI engine, an artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) software module, developed by our team, has integrated a supervised random forest model that automatically assigns conductors to freight transportation orders based on the data about locomotive driver’s tiredness score, distance of the driver to the departure point of a transportation order, driver availability, and circulation history. The model proposed by us obtained very good performance metrics on the train set (accuracy: 95%, AUC: 0.9905) and reasonably good and encouraging performance on the test set (accuracy: 84%, AUC: 0.8357). After rigorous testing and validation on external and larger datasets, the automated optimization of locomotive driver assignments could bring operational efficiency, cost savings, regulatory compliance, and improved safety to scheduled rail freight transports.

Determinants of non-compliance attitudes to the smoke-free policy among the Bangladeshi urban public transport drivers

Determinants of non-compliance attitudes to the smoke-free policy among the Bangladeshi urban public transport drivers

Road freight transport driver fatique test: A pilot study

Road freight transport is one of the main modes of transporting goods in the European Union. This reality puts pressure on carriers to make every transport of goods fast, safe, cheap, and efficient. Based on these requirements, lorry drivers are often forced by their employers to break the current social legislation in the European Union and the rules of the road. Compared to the current social legislation in force in different parts of the world, the European Union rules on driving times, breaks and rest periods for drivers engaged in road haulage and passenger transport are the strictest. An important factor and reason of serious and fatal traffic accidents, extensive damage to goods or property in road freight transport is a driver. This article presents three different types of experiments that were carried out, and the results may help to improve the current situation. The main aim of this study was to verify whether the actual regulations are safe and suitable and compare the results of daily work of professional drivers in two different measurements. Last measurement was conducted with using Eye-tacking technology, which aimed to verify impact of experiences on the reaction times of drivers. The authors believe that the results of individual measurements can contribute to increasing safety in road freight transport with preparing future extended studies and proposing the possible changes of current regulation.

A novel vehicle path planning method for freight enterprises considering environmental regulation

In the paper of vehicle path planning, it is necessary to factor in both governmental regulation policies and enterprise regulation investments. In this paper, a novel method for vehicle path planning is investigated, which incorporates environmental regulation to determine the transportation path, driver, and vehicle type in a joint manner. The mathematical formulation of the investment decisions related to internal self-regulation is provided, considering four external regulation policies. To address the challenges posed by the multidimensional, discrete, and non-linearity model, an improved dynamic disaster genetic algorithm with elite strategy (ED-GA) is proposed. The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the ED-GA in solving large-scale path planning problems, considering both effectiveness and running time. Moreover, this paper analyzes the variations in internal environmental regulation and external environmental regulation, elucidating the impact of different degrees of internal regulation and exploring the applicability of various external regulations. The proposed method is particularly relevant for freight enterprises that possess their own vehicles and are committed to investing in emission reduction. It offers valuable guidance for decision-making and management in low carbon vehicle path planning.

A review of best practices, standards, and approaches for transportation safety data and driver state prediction

This systematic review documents current best practices, standards, and approaches for transportation safety data analytics. While standards exist for defining measures, there are few available standards or guides for processing driving and driver data. Standards are crucial for ensuring repeatability and appropriate cost-benefit decisions. The review identified 36 relevant studies describing behavioral and physiological measures. Most studies do not comprehensively report data processing steps. Of the studies that did report data processing steps, few analyzed the impact of decisions made during data processing on algorithm performance. Most studies were conducted in a controlled simulator environment and may not generalize to naturalistic settings. The findings show that driver behavior and physiological data show efficacy for detecting fatigue, distraction, stress, and driver errors. The results of these studies may necessitate additional data processing standards and future work should focus on measuring the effects of data decisions on model performance.

Penerapan Sistem Tracking Berbasis GPS pada Alat Pendeteksi Alkohol Terintegrasi dengan Arduino untuk Pengemudi Mobil Penumpang Umum

Regarding the problems faced by managers of the transportation business, namely cases of vehicle theft which still often occur, therefore an idea emerged on how owners can monitor their vehicles effectively, then accidents that usually occur due to reckless public transportation drivers due to influence of liquor. Based on the background described above, the authors aim to conduct research by creating a GPS tracking tool that is integrated with Arduino, which is able to monitor the location of the driver/vehicle and is able to reduce vehicle embezzlement, and the system to be designed is able to detect whether the driver of the vehicle is in a state of drink alcohol or not. Research has been carried out on 2 people, namely for the first person, the lowest sensor data reading was obtained, namely 22 ppm with a delay of 2 seconds for GPS readings for a distance of 3.5 km and the condition of the relay was off indicating that alcohol was not detected, and for the highest sensor data readings it was at 109 ppm with a delay of 3 seconds GPS reading for a distance of 4.2 km and the condition of the relay is on which indicates alcohol is detected. In the second person test, the lowest sensor data reading was obtained, namely 23 ppm with a 4 second GPS reading delay for a distance of 11 km and the condition of the relay was off indicating no alcohol was detected, and the highest sensor data reading was 121 ppm with a 2 second GPS reading delay for a distance 10 km and the condition of the relay is on which indicates alcohol is detected. GPS testing was carried out 10 times for each person where the longest distance tested on the first person was 42 km, and the shortest distance was 3.3 km. And for the test, the fastest delay in reading the driver's location is 2 seconds, and the longest is 5 seconds. In testing the second person, the longest distance was 12 km, and the shortest distance was 10 km. And in the test, the fastest delay in reading the driver's location point is 2 seconds, and the longest delay in reading the location point is 4 seconds.

Statistical analysis of psychological and physiological stress in public transport drivers

Public transport drivers face various factors that put their health at risk, not only in traffic matters, such as psychological stress, physiological stress, and working conditions. This paper aims to study said variables in public transport (bus) drivers in southern Tamaulipas, through a statistical study that can show the risk conditions for the study participants. To achieve this, a quantitative and descriptive research was carried out, with a convenient voluntary sampling of 77 surveys. Firstly, an exploratory factorial study was conducted on variables mentioned above, where the most reliable items were identified. Subsequently, a mediation analysis was carried through, resulting in the finding that the effect of psychological stress on physiological stress is less when mediated by

Hukum dan Sosial dalam Hubungan Kemitraan Jasa Angkutan Aplikasi Daring

This study analyzes the partnership relationship between Online Application Transportation Service companies (JAAD) and drivers in legal sociology. The transportation service company is an association of several capital owners to create an application-based transportation business in the network (online). Its presence is not necessarily followed by the availability of adequate statutory instruments. As a result, quite complicated legal issues arise related to the weak legal protection of partners from the JAAD company. Weak legal protection can lead to social and legal precariatization of partners by citizenship. This is important considering that the partners of the In-network Application Transportation Services (JAAD) company, of whom there are millions, are citizens of the Republic of Indonesia who are under the auspices of the constitution. This study used a qualitative research method with a normative and comparative approach to a number of laws, government regulations, and ministerial regulations. In addition, the legal sociology approach was used to obtain qualitative data related to social and legal aspects of vulnerability and resistance. The results of the study showed that JAAD requires many people to earn income but the legal protection for JAAD’s corporate partners is weak, so they tend to be disadvantaged, exploited so that partners experience social, political and legal precariatization.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Public Transport Drivers Regarding Ophthalmological Medical Examinations When Issuing Driving Licences on the RN 6 and RN 30 in Fana

In good driving, 90% of the indications needed by the driver are provided by the eye, and 20% of those responsible for road traffic accidents have a visual impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of public transport drivers specifically on the RN 6 and 35 in Fana. The study was both quantitative and qualitative, and the data were collected from questionnaires covering socio-demographic information and the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the respondents. The data was entered and analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 software. Results: A total of 150 drivers were surveyed, of whom 59.3% (n=89) had not had an ophthalmological consultation when obtaining their driving licence and 78.2% (n=86) when renewing it. 36.1% (n=22) had not received any information on the result of the visual aptitude test and of the 22 drivers who had an opinion on the type of legal consequences, 45.5% (n=10) of those who had an idea of the legal consequences gave imprisonment as an example. 81.8% (n=18) of the unfit drivers were BCD licence holders, 49% of whom were minibus drivers compared with 53% of bus drivers at the time of the visual aptitude test. Conclusion: The results of this survey have shown us that there is a weakness in the application of the law concerning the medical examination required to obtain or renew a driving licence for public transport drivers.

Risk perception of Ebola virus disease and COVID-19 among transport drivers living in Ugandan border districts.

Cross-border movements between districts bordering Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) are common due to the interdependence between populations on either side, though this increases the risk of the international spread of infectious diseases. Due to the nature of their work, boda boda drivers (motorcycle taxis), taxis and truck drivers continue to cross the border during epidemics. However, perceived risk of contracting and spreading communicable diseases may be influenced by several factors such as the level of education, packaging and perception of health care messages, limited interaction with local socio-cultural dynamics or personal experiences. This study aims to explore differences in movement patterns and risk perceptions as factors for transmission among transport drivers in Ugandan border districts during the 2018-2020 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) epidemic and the current COVID-19 pandemic. Between May and June 2021, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with transport drivers in three Ugandan districts bordering DRC (Kasese, Kisoro and Hoima). Participants were asked about their knowledge and beliefs about EVD and COVID-19, perceived risk during epidemics, reasons for, and travel patterns during the EVD epidemic and COVID- 19 pandemic. A thematic content analysis was applied. Participants' awareness of EVD was higher than that of COVID-19 however, the risk of transmission of Ebola virus was perceived as a remote threat. Measures restricting mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic had a greater impact on transport drivers compared to those implemented during the EVD epidemic, and were perceived as prohibitive rather than protective, largely due to fear of reprisals by security officers. Despite this, drivers were unlikely to be able to comply with the restrictions as they relied on their work as a source of income. The vulnerabilities of transport drivers should be considered in the context of epidemics such EVD and COVID-19 in Uganda. Policy makers should address these particularities and assess the impact of public health measures on transport drivers' mobility and involve them in designing of mobility-relatedpolicies.

IDENTIFIKASI AMFETAMIN PADA URINE SOPIR ANGKOT DI PAJAK HORAS PEMATANGSIANTAR

The prevalence of drug abuse is quite high in Indonesia in the land transportation sector, including public transportation. Amphetamines are among the most widely used drugs in the community which are included in the Psychotropic class II. Amphetamines are also a group of drugs that stimulate the central nervous system, which can affect the brain's cortex to increase mental activity. Amphetamines can trigger the release of several neurotransmitters in the body, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serQotonin. The increase caused by these neurotransmitters can increase energy stimulation, increase physical endurance, motor activity, and cause a feeling of pleasure. All organs in the body work harder, so users feel more focused, empowered, confident and able to think quickly. The effect of using amphetamine is that it can eliminate fatigue and drowsiness. The aim of the study was to determine whether the content of amphetamine compounds was present in the urine samples of public transportation drivers at the Horas Pematangsiantar Tax. The sampling location was carried out at the Pematangsiantar Horas Tax while the research location was carried out at the Simpang Bah Jambi Health Center. The type of research used is qualitative data research which is described descriptively using a stick test tool with the Immunoassay method which was carried out in May 2023. The examination results of 50 samples were negative. The conclusion based on the results of the examination was that there was no amphetamine content or negative results in the urine of public transportation drivers at the Horas Pematangsiantar Tax.

Assessing the impact of heavy rainfall on the Newcastle upon Tyne transport network using a geospatial data infrastructure

Extreme weather conditions can adversely impact transport networks and driver behaviour, leading to variations in traffic volumes and travel times and increased accident rates. Emergency services that need to navigate to an accident site in the shortest possible time require real-time location-based weather and traffic information to coordinate their response.We therefore require historical and high-resolution temporal real-time data to identify districts and roads that are prone to different types of incidents during inclement weather and to better support emergency services in their decision-making. However, real-time assessment of the current transport network requires a dense sensor network that can provide high-resolution data using internet-enabled technology.In this research, we demonstrate how we obtain historical time-series and real-time data from sensors operated by the Tyne and Wear Urban Traffic and Management Control Centre and the Urban Observatory based at Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. In the study, we assess the impact of rainfall on traffic volume and travel time, and the cascading impacts during a storm event in Newcastle during early October 2021. We also estimate the economic cost of the storm, with regards to transport disruption, as the cost of travel, using the “value of time” based on Department for Transport guidelines (2021).Using spatial-temporal analysis, we chose three locations to demonstrate how traffic parameters varied at different times throughout the storm. We identified increases in travel times of up to 600% and decreases in traffic volume of up to 100% when compared to historical data. Further, we assessed cascading impacts at important traffic locations and their broader implications for city areas. We estimated that the storm's economic impact on one sensor location increased by up to 370% of the reference value.By analysing historical and real-time data, we detected and explained patterns in the data that would have remained uncovered if they had been examined individually. The combination of different data sources, such as traffic and weather, helps explain temporal fluctuations at locations where incidents were recorded near traffic detectors.We anticipate our study to be a starting point for stakeholders involved in incident response to identify bottleneck locations in the network to help prepare for similar future events.

On the Variation of Column Density Ratio ΣO/N2 in the Upper Atmosphere Using Principal Component Analysis in 2‐Dimensional Images

AbstractThe variability of the thermosphere on a daily basis is influenced by a variety of factors, including solar, geomagnetic, and meteorological drivers. The column density ratio of atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen (ΣO/N2) is a useful parameter for quantifying this variability, and has been shown to closely correspond to F‐region electron density, total electron content, and upper atmospheric transport. Despite the significance of the ΣO/N2, the relative contributions of these drivers to thermospheric variability are not well understood. In order to shed light on this issue, principal component analysis was performed in this study to distinguish and rank the various sources of variability in the ΣO/N2. The analysis was based on the ΣO/N2 data from the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk mission from days 81–135 of 2020. The resulting two‐dimensional eigen spatial patterns reveal the dominant variabilities during the specified period. The first six principal components are reported and associated with the major drivers through their spatial and temporal features. Geomagnetic storms, interhemispheric transport, atmospheric tides, and planetary waves were identified as the drivers of the first, second, third, and fifth components, respectively. The order of these components highlights that geomagnetic activity is the dominant source of daily variability in the ΣO/N2, followed by interhemispheric transport and meteorological drivers from the lower atmosphere.

The Impact of Government Policy to Raise Subsidized Fuel Oil Prices on City Transportation in the City of Medan

This study aims to see the impact of the increase in subsidized fuel on public transportation in the city of Medan. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Primary Data Collection Techniques through interviews with City Transportation Drivers in Medan City. The secondary data is obtained from journals, reports, and online media. The results of the study show that the increase in fuel prices does not only have an impact on city transportation drivers in Medan City, but also on the passengers. In addition, the government needs to pay attention to the increase in the price of public transportation fares in the city of Medan. Because City Transportation has become the most popular transportation because the price is affordable. If there is an increase that is too high, it will be very burdensome for the community.

Evaluation of the visual aptitude of public transport drivers on National Roads 6 (Bamako- Ségou) and 30 (Fana- Dioila) in the Reference Health Centre of Fana

Summary: In Mali, the increase in the number of road accidents is proportional to the increase in the number of cars in circulation. A study of public transport drivers revealed that 23.1% of the drivers surveyed were unfit to drive out of a sample of 385 drivers. The objective of this study was to assess the visual aptitude for driving of inter-urban public transport drivers on the RN 6 and RN 30 in Fana. Results: The study involved 150 collective transport drivers, the majority of whom were in the 30-39 age group, representing 46.7% (n=70) with extremes of 20 and 68 years, the average age being 35.81±9.66 years. A total of 14.7% (n=22) of the drivers surveyed were unfit to drive and the causes of reduced visual acuity among unfit drivers were cataracts with 36.36% (n=8), followed by optic neuropathies with 22.73% (n=5) and ametropias with 18.19% (n=4). With regard to the relationship between the age of the drivers and visual aptitude for driving, the study revealed that 46.15% (n=6) of the drivers aged over 50 years were unfit. Conclusion: The results of this study show the need to make the ophthalmological examination compulsory when issuing and renewing a driving licence throughout Mali.

Access to public transport to persons with visual disability: A scoping review

Public transport is a viable option that can help persons with visual disability to overcome mobility challenges. The main aim of the review is to identify existing provisions, barriers, and/or access to public transport services for persons with visual disability. A scoping review was conducted based on the framework proposed by Arskey and O’Malley. A total of 16 studies were systematically selected out of 273 published literatures which was obtained from electronic database searches. Four themes emerged from the selected studies. The major theme was challenges related to accessing public transport from the perspective of persons with visual disability (PVD) with presentation of information, drivers/workers attitude, bus design, technological barriers, and accessibility of public spaces being the subthemes. The other three themes were the challenges reported by the transport drivers, available facilities/adaptations and resolutions, and policies and recommendations. In conclusion, the current review suggests that access to public transportation for persons with visual disability is considerably inadequate. Poor presentation of information, inappropriate driver attitude, and inconsistent bus design seem to be the major barriers persons with visual disability encounter during public transport travel.

Sleep disorders and fatigue among truck and bus drivers in Mexico.

Fatigue and sleep disturbances are among the most common disorders suffered by transport drivers. To identify and analyze working conditions for Mexican federal transportation truck and bus drivers, and their connection with sleep disorders and fatigue. A cross-sectional, quantitative study was performed with a convenience sample of 172 drivers (84 truck and 88 bus) by applying the Survey Evaluation and Monitoring of Workers Health (PROESSAT in Spanish) and the Yoshitake Fatigue questionnaire. Night work and performing hazardous work increased the prevalence of sleep disorders (PR = 3.9 and PR = 6.9, respectively). Poor lighting and being paid per trip increased the prevalence of fatigue (PR = 2.8 and PR = 2.5, respectively). Several conditions were found to impact health, including long work shifts, strenuous physical effort, night work, little social support, being paid by distance, strict quality controls, and risk of crimes such as extortion, robbery, attacks, and kidnapping.

The effect of trust on loyalty with customer satisfaction as a mediation variable (Study on Gojek customers in Bandar Lampung)

Service businesses such as online transportation are businesses based on the principle of trust. Gojek is the first online transportation service provider business in Indonesia. Now it has become the largest online transportation company in Indonesia. Online transportation is growing to the point where many new online transportation service operators increase competition in the online transportation market. Throughout 2022, many problems will occur between online transportation drivers and their customers, creating new anxiety among online transportation customers. It is feared that high competition and online transportation customer anxiety will reduce Gojek's customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction is an important element that can form customer loyalty. This study aims to examine the effect of trust on satisfaction and its effect on customer loyalty. Collecting research data using a questionnaire with a total sample of 150 respondents. Analysis of research data was carried out using SmartPLS version 3 software. The results showed that trust had a positive effect on satisfaction and loyalty, satisfaction had a positive effect on loyalty, and trust had a positive effect on loyalty, with satisfaction as a mediating variable.