In examining records from the U.S. Census Bureau and from the Japanese Consulates General in the United States, Jin estimates that 50,000 Nisei Japanese (citizens born in the United States) departed the United States for Japan or the territories of the Japanese Empire in the first half of the twentieth century—approximately one-fourth of the Nisei Japanese in the United States during this era. The scholarly and popular historical works about the Nisei Japanese, which are hardly numerous, generally discuss these people as an Asian American minority rooted within the United States. Jin’s use of sources from both sides of the Pacific, however, discovers that for the Nisei Japanese, transpacific migration was more “the norm rather than the exception.” The diversity of their experiences is the major theme throughout this well-researched study.Some of the Nisei Japanese went to Japan to join their families and others to study the Japanese language, to find work, or to find a spouse. Most were also driven from the United States by anti-Asian immigrant movements, especially in the American West. Asian-exclusion sentiment was often supported by state and national laws, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act, the 1924 Immigration Act, and various alien land laws. Executive Order 9066 was eventually to confine first-generation Japanese and Nisei Japanese to interment camps in the American West, following the Japanese military attack on Pearl Harbor.Although Jin often uses the concept of diaspora effectively as a framework to interpret the transpacific experiences of Nisei Japanese, the individual stories about various Nisei Japanese experiences in the first half of the twentieth century are particularly engaging. For example, Toshiko Inaba’s American citizenship was revoked after his marriage and divorce in Japan. David Akira Itami, who was held at the Manzanar internment camp after the attack on Pearl Harbor, joined the U.S. Army as a language specialist during the war and afterward at the Tokyo War Crimes Trials. Kanji Kuramoto and Kaz Tanaka Suyeishi somehow managed to survive the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. Such are just a few of the book’s many stories that demonstrate the legal, social, and personal hardships faced by transpacific Nisei immigrants.Citizens, Immigrants, and the Stateless is an important contribution to the fields of immigration and Asian American history due in no small part to Jin’s polished writing skills. His combination of clear historical description, context, and analysis with just the right amount of sociological and interpretive language helps to make book both readable and informative. The endnotes and bibliography demonstrate his significant bilingual and transnational research of primary, secondary, and popular source material.Citizens, Immigrants, and the Stateless is not simply a study of a marginalized immigrant group “caught between two worlds.” It portrays a diverse people who had to exercise considerable initiative to navigate multiple social, legal, national, and geopolitical contexts. Although complex factors, such as racism in the American West and the deteriorating geopolitical relations between Japan and the United States, affected the Nisei immigrants as a group, Jin demonstrates that they were more than capable of making decisions on an individual basis whenever the opportunity arose. On a broader scale, the Nisei Japanese experience is directly related to the issues of racism, immigration, imperialism, and war that are fundamental in any discussion of twentieth-century history.