Transmitter Attachment Research Articles

On the mechanism of the electrogenic sodium pump dependence of membrane chemosensitivity

1. 1. The relation of acetyleholine (Ach) induced current of the nerve cell membrane in Helix to electrogenic sodium (Na) pump activity and to the osmolar pressure of the external solution were studied. 2. 2. Inactivation of the Na pump by the reduction in oxygen tension increase Ach-induced current. 3. 3. Both ouabain and K-free solution increase Ach-induced current and Ach-induced membrane conductivity without pronounced changes in the reversal potential for Ach responses. 4. 4. Similarity of the Na pump inactivation and hyposmolar solution effects on the dose-response curves was shown. 5. 5. The results suggest that electrogenic Na pump modulates the membrane chemosensitivity by changing of the membrane surface for transmitter attachment.

The design, construction and use of a radio‐tracking system for some British mammals

AbstractRadio‐tracking equipment designed by the late G. E. Ashwell is described. Detailed instructions are given for building transmitters suitable for foxes and rats so that the circuits can be made by people with only limited electronic knowledge. Constructional details are also provided for receiver aerials. The address of a firm that can supply receivers is given. The function and performance of each part of the equipment is described and details provided of the methods used by the authors to track mammals. The handling of mammals and attachment of transmitters is covered briefly. Some comments are included on the limitations of radio‐tracking as a means of studying wild mammals.

A Transmitter Attachment for Blackbirds

A Transmitter Attachment for Blackbirds

Review of Underwater Biotelemetry, with Emphasis on Ultrasonic Techniques

Underwater biotelemetry includes studies of movements, behavior, and physiological functions of underwater animals, as well as environmental conditions surrounding them. In such studies data are received via signals from a transmitter on or in an animal. Ultrasonic signals were used in early work. More recently both ultrasonic and radio signals have been used.In the two decades since the first underwater biotelemetry studies in the mid-1950s there have been considerable technical advances. Transmitters have become smaller, more powerful, and have longer operating life. Coding of individual transmitters has become more reliable and decoding more automated. Transmitters capable of sensing environmental, behavioral, and physiological factors from free-swimming animals have been built. Receiving systems ranging from small ones for tracking from canoes to large ones for oceangoing vessels have been developed.With this equipment about 60 species of underwater animals have been studied. Various techniques of transmitter attachment have been developed and different methods of tracking explored.Underwater biotelemetry has been applied to studies of fish migration, orientation mechanisms, movement patterns at obstructions, ecology, behavior, and physiology of animals. Key words: telemetry, underwater biotelemetry, tracking, sonic tags, transmitters, receivers, hydrophones

Diel Movement of Walleye, Stizostedion vitreum vitreum, in West Blue Lake, Manitoba, as Determined by Ultrasonic Tracking

Eight walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) between 2 and 5 yr of age were equipped with ultrasonic transmitters, released, and followed for periods up to 24 h. During the study period, September 24–October 2, 1975, West Blue Lake was thermally stratified. Movement was limited to the homothermous epilimnion, above 10 m, and to the region of steeply sloping bottom of about 5–10 m which was usually within 100 m of shore. Midbasin crossings of the lake were infrequent. Transmitter attachment caused temporary high activity after which a more normal rhythm was apparent with peaks of activity at dusk and dawn. The majority, 86%, of observed swimming speeds were under 1 body length s−1. Since much localized activity, too restricted to measure, was apparent, these observations must be regarded as only approximations of natural activity.

The Social Ethology of the White Rhinoceros Ceratotberium simum (Burchell 1817*)

AbstractIn a 3½ year field study the social system of the 2000 white rhinoceros in Umfolozi Game Reserve, Zululand, was investigated in a 30 km5 area and four supplementary areas. Direct observation, individual recognition, tagging and attachment of radio transmitters gave copious information on spacing, grouping, movement, confrontation, territory occupation, rank order. Behaviour patterns are compared with those of the black and Indian rhinoceros, processes underlying their evolution are considered, weighing the influences of phylogeny, ecology, morphology, nutrition. Territorial structure was found to be a strong influence. Selective consequences for survival, reproductive success and progeny viability are discussed.