Transmission Ability Research Articles

Study on time-frequency domain characteristics and cross-media communication of laser acoustic signals based on optical breakdown mechanism

Abstract Cross-media communication is a hot research issue at present. The use of sound waves generated by laser induced sound mechanism for cross-media communication is a new topic proposed in recent years. It is of great significance to study the characteristics of laser acoustic signal and the feasibility study for cross-media detection. The time-frequency characteristics and directivity of the laser induced sound signal are studied on the self-built experimental platform. The results show that the pulse duration of the laser acoustic signal is about 0.2ms, and the peak frequency is about 14.89kHz. The directivity is anisotropy, the signal strength in horizontal direction is the strongest, and the signal strength perpendicular to the water surface is the weakest, so it has a good horizontal distance transmission ability. This paper verifies the detection system of trans-air-sea interface communication and trans-air-sea interface communication based on laser sound and conducts the communication experiment of laser acoustic signal. By modulating laser energy, the underwater acoustic signal is modulated in time domain, and the signal communication with 0-bit error rate of 8bps within the meter is realized. The detection threshold of acoustic signal is calculated to be 44.93dB after horizontal transmission of 1km. The analysis and simulation of water surface micro-motion based on laser induced sound are carried out. The results show that the wave crest of water surface generated by laser acoustic signal through underwater reflection reaches the order of micron and can be detected by radar. The surface wave intensity is little affected by the depth of detection, so it could work in deep water. This study provides a certain experimental and theoretical basis for laser communication across the air and sea interface.

The critical avalanche of an excitation–inhibition neural network composed of Izhikevich neurons is studied based on the bifurcation of the mean-field

In recent years, there has been significant interest in exploring how the brain efficiently propagates and processes information. When the system is in a critical state, it may have preferable information transmission, calculation, and processing abilities, so the study of this state has attracted wide attention. Here, we primarily focus on the excitation–inhibition (E–I) neural network composed of Izhikevich neurons and the derived accurate mean-field model. To understand the critical neuronal avalanche more comprehensively and deeply, we consider the spike characteristics of individual neurons (spike or burst firing), the criticality of neural networks, and the bifurcations of the mean-field. It is observed that no matter the spike or burst firing, near different bifurcations of the mean-field, the neural network appears in phase transition and the neuronal avalanche satisfies the critical condition. In other words, the bifurcation of this mean-field model can more accurately and conveniently predict the occurrence of critical avalanches, thus narrowing the detection range. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of critical avalanches. By establishing the relationship between the spike of individual neurons, microscopic neural network, and macroscopic mean-field, new insight is provided into the dynamic origin of critical neuronal avalanches.

Dynamics change of coal methane adsorption/desorption and permeability under temperature and stress conditions

Methane adsorption/desorption and permeability measurements are critical for evaluating reserves and production potential in coalbed methane (CBM) extraction. The varying temperature and stress in CBM wells have an impact on these characteristics. To understand these effects, take the Wenjiaba mining area and the Qinglong mining area in Guizhou, China, as the research objects, which are called WJB and QL for short. Characterizing the coal's surface area and pore structure using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption is essential for methane flow and storage. The coal's adsorptive capacity under in situ conditions was revealed by isothermal methane adsorption tests conducted at pressures ranging from 0 to 18 MPa at different temperatures. Triaxial stress-controlled adsorption experiments simulated the impact of effective stress on methane adsorption. Stress-permeability tests evaluated the stress sensitivity and its effect on the coal's methane transmission ability, a key factor in CBM well producibility. The results showed that increased temperature reduced adsorption capacity for WJB and QL coals by 14.2% and 16.3%, respectively, while desorption rates and diffusion coefficients increased, suggesting that higher temperatures enhance desorption and diffusion. However, higher coal ranks can hinder desorption. Effective stress application led to over a 90% decrease in both adsorption capacity and permeability, emphasizing the need for stress management in CBM extraction. These insights provide a theoretical framework for the interplay between coal's pore structure, adsorption/desorption properties, and permeability under different stress and temperature conditions, guiding the optimization of CBM extraction strategies for efficient and sustainable methane recovery.

A REVIEW ON MOISTURE TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES THROUGH TEXTILE CLOTHING

Thermo-physiological comfort is one of the important aspects of clothing which enable to maintain a constant body temperature through the thermal balance of the heat generated by a persons body and to transfer it to the atmospheric environment. The thermo-physiological comfort of the clothing is mainly influenced by its moisture transmission ability and thermal resistance. This is due to the clothing comfort sensation is mainly determined by a balance process of moisture and heat exchange between the human body and the environment through the clothing system. The current paper aims to enhance the understanding of mechanism involved, various influencing parameters, current research regarding moisture transmission properties of fabric.

Estimating the time-varying effective reproduction number via Cycle Threshold-based Transformer.

Monitoring the spread of infectious disease is essential to design and adjust the interventions timely for the prevention of the epidemic outbreak and safeguarding the public health. The governments have generally adopted the incidence-based statistical method to estimate the time-varying effective reproduction number Rt and evaluate the transmission ability of epidemics. However, this method exhibits biases arising from the reported incidence data and assumes the generation interval distribution which is not available at the early stage of epidemic. Recent studies showed that the viral loads characterized by cycle threshold (Ct) of the infected populations evolving throughout the course of epidemic and providing a possibility to infer the epidemic trajectory. In this work, we propose the Cycle Threshold-based Transformer (Ct-Transformer) to estimate Rt. We find the supervised learning of Ct-Transformer outperforms the traditional incidence-based statistic and Ct-based Rt estimating methods, and more importantly Ct-Transformer is robust to the detection resources. Further, we apply the proposed model to self-supervised pre-training tasks and obtain excellent fine-tuned performance, which attains comparable performance with the supervised Ct-Transformer, verified by both the synthetic and real-world datasets. We demonstrate that the Ct-based deep learning method can improve the real-time estimates of Rt, enabling more easily adapted to the track of the newly emerged epidemic.

INCREASED LIGHT TRANSMISSION CAPACITY DELIGNIFIED WOOD WHEN IMPREGNATED WITH VEGETABLE OIL

The introduction of light-permeable wood makes it possible to effectively dispose of woodworking waste and opens up interesting directions in the architectural and decorative design of buildings during their construction and repair, as well as in design projects. The article considers the influence of technological factors in the processing of wood on the performance characteristics of a delignified organic material. The regularities of the manifestation of light transmission ability depending on the sequence and parameters of processing of wood samples have been established. The results of spectral studies are presented, which give an idea of the rationality of the selected processing modes of wood samples to ensure the required light transmission.

Decadal Evolution of KPC-related plasmids in Pseudomonas aeruginosa high-risk clone ST463 in Zhejiang, China

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KPC-PA) isolates have quickly expanded in China, especially the high-risk clone ST463. We aimed to explore the evolution of KPC-related plasmids driving ST463 clone success. Whole-genome sequencing of 1258 clinical P. aeruginosa strains (2011–2020) identified 106 ST463-PA isolates, with a KPC prevalence of 90.6%. Early on (2011-2012), ST463-PA obtained the KPC-encoding type II (pT2-KPC) or type I plasmid (pT1-KPC) to overcome carbapenem stress. Between 2012 and 2017, pT1-KPC plasmid dominated due to its lower fitness costs and IS26-driven blaKPC amplification ability. By 2017-2020, large fragment deletions in pT1-KPC formed pT1del-KPC plasmid. It conferred even lower fitness costs, enhanced blaKPC-2 gene stability, and greater copy-number flexibility, while maintaining horizontal transmission ability. Consequently, pT1del-KPC plasmid finally succeeded, making ST463 the dominant ST in China. Our findings highlight evolutionary pressures driving ST463 dominance and emphasize the need for targeted strategies to control its spread and antibiotic resistance development.

Stable minichromosome and functional neocentromere derived from rye 7R chromosome arm

BackgroundThe study of newly formed centromere with stable transmission ability can provide theoretical guidance for the construction of artificial chromosomes. More neocentromeres are needed to study the mechanisms of their formation.ResultsIn this study, a minichromosome 7RLmini was derived from the progeny of wheat-rye 7R monosomic addition line. The minichromosome 7RLmini contained subtelomeric tandem repeats pSc119.2 and rye-specific pSc200, and it came from the distal region of the long arm of 7R chromosome. A neocentromere was formed in this minichromosome, and it did not contain centromeric repetitive sequences CCS1 and pAWRC.1. CENH3 ChIP-seq and ssDRIP-seq data confirmed that a 2.4 Mb segment from the rye 7R chromosome was involved in the neocentromere formation and enrichment of R-loops in this region. Within the 2.4 Mb segment, the GC content was higher that of AT, and a major binding position of CENH3 nucleosomes was identified on a 6 kb unknown LTR retrotransposon TE00002448. This unknown LTR retrotransposon was rye-specific and distributed through all the arms of rye chromosomes. The minichromosome exhibited stable generational transmission.ConclusionA minichromosome from rye 7R with neocentromere was obtained in this study and the neocentromere was formed at the position far away from its native equivalent. This minichromosome provides additional material for the research on the mechanism of neocentromere formation. We theorize that R-loops and transposable element might be involved in the positioning of CENH3 nucleosomes in a functional neocentromere.

Levofloxacin degradation in electro-Fenton system with FeMn@GF composite electrode

In this work, a one-step solvent-thermal approach was used to synthesize an Mn-doped Fe3O4 modified graphite felt (GF) composite electrode material (FeMn@GF), which was then used as the cathode in an Electro-Fenton (EF) system. The levofloxacin (LEV) in wastewater can be successfully removed by the EF system, which can produce and activate H2O2 in situ. The successful fabrication of the FeMn@GF composite electrode was confirmed by employing the characterization techniques of Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray Diffraction, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Additionally, the electrochemical performance test was conducted. The FeMn@GF composite electrode demonstrated a greater electrochemical activity and a more robust electronic transmission ability. The LEV degradation experiment demonstrated reached 98.9 % that under ambient temperature conditions, within 120 minutes, given initial LEV concentration of 20 mg·L −1, Na2SO4 concentration of 50 mM, applied voltage of 3.0 V, initial pH value of 3, and aeration rate of 3.0 L·min −1.The highest leaching quantities of Fe and Mn were 1.294 mg·L−1 and 0.675 mg·L−1, respectively, while the removal effectiveness of LEV remained at 85.2 % after five cycles. Experiments using radical quenching revealed that the main active species were ·OH. The reaction mechanism of the EF system with FeMn@GF as the cathode (FeMn@GF-EF) and the degradation pathway of LEV were investigated.

Research on the Scrambling and De-scrambling Technique of Pseudorandom Sequences Based on Linear Feedback Shift Register

With the rapid development of communication technology, the security and reliability of signal transmission and antiinterference ability have become a key challenge. Aiming at the problems, this paper deeply studies the scrambling and de-scrambling technique of pseudo-random sequences, and designed the corresponding circuit to better understand the working mode of each step. In this study, the design and implementation of the scrambling and de-scrambling technique of pseudo-random sequences circuit is carried out through Verilog language, and the advantages and disadvantages of the designed circuit are analyzed in detail and the improvement scheme is obtained. In addition, this study also compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the scrambling and de-scrambling technique of pseudorandom sequences and the scrambling and de-scrambling technique of self-synchronizing, which provides a reliable basis for selecting appropriate technical solutions in practical application scenarios. This study provides theoretical support and reference for the design of communication systems, and looks forward to the future development direction of the scrambling technology, including the development of more efficient algorithms, the exploration of adaptive techniques, and the development of low-power solutions.

Transformer-Integrated Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network for Dose Prediction in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy is recognized as the major treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Rapid and accurate dose prediction can improve the efficiency of the treatment planning process and the quality of radiotherapy plans. Currently, deep learning-based methods have been widely applied to dose prediction for radiotherapy treatment planning. However, it is important to note that existing models based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) often overlook long-distance information. Although some studies try to use Transformer to solve the problem, it lacks the ability of CNN to process the spatial information inherent in images. Therefore, we propose a novel CNN and Transformer hybrid dose prediction model. To enhance the transmission ability of features between CNN and Transformer, we design a hierarchical dense recurrent encoder with a channel attention mechanism. Additionally, we propose a progressive decoder that preserves richer texture information through layer-wise reconstruction of high-dimensional feature maps. The proposed model also introduces object-driven skip connections, which facilitate the flow of information between the encoder and decoder. Experiments are conducted on in-house datasets, and the results show that the proposed model is superior to baseline methods in most dosimetric criteria. In addition, the image analysis metrics including PSNR, SSIM, and NRMSE demonstrate that the proposed model is consistent with ground truth and produces promising visual effects compared to other advanced methods. The proposed method could be taken as a powerful clinical guidance tool for physicists, significantly enhancing the efficiency of radiotherapy planning. The source code is available at https://github.com/CDUTJ102/THCN-Net .

Weakly confined slotted cartridge blasting in jointed rock mass

Directional fracture blasting can improve the smooth blasting effect of layered jointed rock masses. However, few studies have comprehensively considered the interaction between joints and slit blasting, and there is a lack of quantitative research and analysis on slit blasting. Therefore, this study combined slit blasting, pouring model test blocks for explosion testing, and numerical simulations for auxiliary research. Finally, practical engineering applications were conducted. The results showed that the weakly constrained PVC material has a high instantaneous strength under impact and can achieve a good energy accumulation guidance effect. The joint angle has a significant impact on the isolation effect of explosion stress and crack propagation. The isolation effect of the explosion stress gradually weakened with an increase in joint angle. The smaller the angle, the more vulnerable the crack propagation direction is to the “traction” of the joint and tends to the trend of the joint, and the more serious the phenomenon of crack turning, deviation and bifurcation. The results show that the explosion energy propagates preferentially from the cutting seam direction, and the stress in the cutting seam direction reaches the peak value first. The energy in the cutting seam direction has a strong transmission ability and a directional fracture effect on the joints, and the application of weakly restrained slotted pipes in layered rock tunnel blasting construction has a good effect.

Influence of solar thermal radiations and convective boundary on Al2O3/H2O transient model efficiency

Riga plate is a new, sophisticated magnetic field device that may be created by adjusting a group of permanent magnets and a different electrode over a plane surface. The heat transport and fluid movement in such physical setup are of paramount interest and have numerous engineering and industrial application particularly in submarines technologies. Due to the fixed magnetics the field produced which imperatively affect the model dynamics. Keeping in mind the influential applications of such physical setup, the purpose of this study is to introduce a new model based scrutinization of heat transport of stagnation point flow of Al2O3/water along vertically oriented convectively heated Riga surface. The conventional stagnation point flow model extended for nanofluid via radiative heat flux, dissipation effects and the first order thermal slip. The values of thermal conductivity values estimated via Corcione model and achieved the final nanoliquid model. For the results interpretation, the numerical scheme used and portrayed the results using different parametric ranges. The fluid motion is observed very slow due to stronger mixed convection and higher concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticles. The temperature is determined very high against the stronger convection effects and radiation number. However, the fluid layers in the vicinity of Riga surface have high heat transmission ability. Further, thermal slip and viscous dissipation effects also boost the temperature of Al2O3/water. Further, buoyancy number δ resists the fluid movement and thermal boundary region reduces in the presence of buoyancy factor.

Mathematical modelling and transmission dynamic of SEIRVQD model for epidemic diseases

In this paper, we construct and formulate a new mathematical model for the spread of epidemic diseases with vaccination. The proposed model is composed of eight compartments, namely susceptible (S), exposed (E), infected (I), recovered (R), vaccinated (V ), quarantined (Q) and died (D). We prove the existence of a unique solution. Additionally, the region of the feasibility of the system and equilibrium points are presented. In order to indicate the level of viral invasion and demonstrate the ability of infection transmission, we calculate the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) by the next generation matrix method. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) concerning the fluctuations of the biological parameters of the presented model has been investigated. Finally, Numerical simulations are performed using MATLAB to illustrate and validate the efficiency of the proposed model and its accordance using real data for Chinese measles and Portugal's COVID-19 outbreaks.

Pharmacological inhibition of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor restores abnormal brain mitochondrial CB1 receptor expression and rescues bioenergetic and cognitive defects in a female mouse model of Rett syndrome

BackgroundDefective mitochondria and aberrant brain mitochondrial bioenergetics are consistent features in syndromic intellectual disability disorders, such as Rett syndrome (RTT), a rare neurologic disorder that severely affects mainly females carrying mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene. A pool of CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R), the primary receptor subtype of the endocannabinoid system in the brain, is located on brain mitochondrial membranes (mtCB1R), where it can locally regulate energy production, synaptic transmission and memory abilities through the inhibition of the intra-mitochondrial protein kinase A (mtPKA). In the present study, we asked whether an overactive mtCB1R-mtPKA signaling might underlie the brain mitochondrial alterations in RTT and whether its modulation by systemic administration of the CB1R inverse agonist rimonabant might improve bioenergetics and cognitive defects in mice modeling RTT.MethodsRimonabant (0.3 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal injections) was administered daily to symptomatic female mice carrying a truncating mutation of the Mecp2 gene and its effects on brain mitochondria functionality, systemic oxidative status, and memory function were assessed.ResultsmtCB1R is overexpressed in the RTT mouse brain. Subchronic treatment with rimonabant normalizes mtCB1R expression in RTT mouse brains, boosts mtPKA signaling, and restores the defective brain mitochondrial bioenergetics, abnormal peripheral redox homeostasis, and impaired cognitive abilities in RTT mice.LimitationsThe lack of selectivity of the rimonabant treatment towards mtCB1R does not allow us to exclude that the beneficial effects exerted by the treatment in the RTT mouse model may be ascribed more broadly to the modulation of CB1R activity and distribution among intracellular compartments, rather than to a selective effect on mtCB1R-mediated signaling. The low sample size of few experiments is a further limitation that has been addressed replicating the main findings under different experimental conditions.ConclusionsThe present data identify mtCB1R overexpression as a novel molecular alteration in the RTT mouse brain that may underlie defective brain mitochondrial bioenergetics and cognitive dysfunction.

Establishment of a Real-Time Fluorescence Isothermal Recombinase-Aided Amplification Method for the Detection of H9 Avian Influenza Virus.

The H9 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) has been characterized by its rapid spread, wide range of prevalence, and continuous evolution in recent years, leading to an increasing ability for cross-species transmission. This not only severely impacts the economic benefits of the aquaculture industry, but also poses a significant threat to human health. Therefore, developing a rapid and sensitive detection method is crucial for the timely diagnosis and prevention of H9 AIVs. In this study, a real-time fluorescent reverse transcription recombinase-aided isothermal amplification (RT-RAA) technique targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) of H9 AIVs was established. This technique can be used for detection in just 30 min at a constant temperature of 42 °C, and it exhibits good specificity without cross-reactivity with other viruses. Sensitivity tests revealed that the detection limit of RT-RAA was 163 copies per reaction, and the visual detection limit was 1759 copies per reaction at a 95% confidence interval, both of which are capable of detecting low concentrations of standards. Furthermore, RT-RAA was applied to detect 155 clinical samples, and compared to real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), RT-RAA demonstrated high accuracy, with a specificity of 100% and a kappa value of 0.96, indicating good correlation. Additionally, with the assistance of a portable blue imaging device, we can visually observe the amplification products, greatly facilitating rapid detection in resource-limited environments. The RT-RAA detection method developed in this study does not require expensive equipment or highly skilled staff, making it beneficial for the accurate and low-cost detection of H9 AIVs.

Study on the wettability of microsphere-containing emulsion on different wood surfaces

ABSTRACT Applying microsphere-containing emulsion onto wood surfaces can enable microspheres to self-assemble into photonic crystal structures, generating structural colors that serve to decorate the wood surfaces. Wettability of the wood surface to emulsions significantly influences the construction of structural color layers. The wettability is further modulated by the inherent species-specific characteristics of the wood. To elucidate the differences in wettability of emulsions on wood surfaces, this study selected seven wood types, analyzed the changes in the contact angles of emulsions on their surfaces in different directions. It was found that the initial contact angle in parallel-fiber direction of wood was generally smaller than that in perpendicular-fiber direction, indicated that the parallel-fiber direction was more easily wetted by the emulsion. After the emulsion was dripped onto the wood surface and an initial contact angle was formed, it would rapidly spread and gradually penetrate into the wood. The properties of the main transport cells directly affected the change in contact angle. The emulsion transmission ability of hardwood was better than that of softwood, but this was not an advantage for assembling structural color layers. It was found that the change pattern conformed to the characteristics of an exponential function through non-linear fitting analysis.

Uninheritable but Widespread Bacterial Symbiont Enterococcus casseliflavus Mediates Detoxification of the Insecticide Chlorantraniliprole in the Agricultural Invasive Pest Spodoptera frugiperda.

Host-symbiont interaction plays a crucial role in determining the host's fitness under toxic stress, as observed in numerous insect species. However, the mechanism of the symbionts involved in the detoxification of insecticides remains poorly known. In this study, through microbiome, proteomic, and genomic analysis, we identified a prevalent symbiont, Enterococcus casseliflavus EMBL-3, in a major invasive insect pest,Spodoptera frugiperda. This symbiont enhances the host's insecticide resistance to chlorantraniliprole by breaking amide bonds and dehalogenating insecticides. Complying with the increase in exposure risk of chlorantraniliprole, the E. casseliflavus isolates of insects' symbionts but not those from mammals or environmental strains showed a significant enrichment of potential chlorantraniliprole degradation genes. EMBL-3 is popular in field population insects with efficient horizontal transmission ability through cross-diet and cannibalism. This study provides a new therapeutic target for agricultural pests based on symbiont-targeted insect control for global crop protection.

Enhanced throughput message streaming methods for DAQ systems of physics experiments

In nuclear and particle experiments, to achieve a real-time software-based data acquisition (DAQ) system, a message streaming platform is adopted as a solution for real-time data streaming transmission, facilitating a decoupled and scalable architecture. As increasing data rate in recent experiments demands higher and higher throughput, existing message streaming platforms lack of high single-node throughput, guarantees of reliability, and sequentiality for high-throughput transmission applications. This paper introduces enhanced throughput message streaming methods for DAQ systems, named DAQMQ. DAQMQ utilizes in-memory storage to store messages during transmission, offering high throughput performance and configurable message retention capability. Reliability in high-throughput transmission is strictly guaranteed by employing a two-phased acknowledgment mechanism. By fast reorganizing message streams in real-time, DAQMQ achieves high-throughput non-blocking sequential transmission. Evaluations conducted on ordinary PCs with 10-Gigabit network connections show that DAQMQ achieves a stable single-node throughput of 9.0 Gbit/s even when handling up to 1024 topics. Furthermore, DAQMQ achieves sequential transmission throughput close to that of non-sequential transmission. Tests with a broker or consumer breakdown during high-throughput transmission demonstrate DAQMQ's reliability and asynchronous transmission ability.

Detecting malicious encrypted traffic with privacy set intersection in cloud-assisted industrial internet

Encryption technology provides the ability of confidential transmission to ensure the security of Industrial Internet communication, but it makes detecting malicious encrypted traffic very difficult. To resolve the conflict between the difficulty of malicious encrypted traffic detection and the requirements of traffic privacy protection, we propose a cloud-assisted Industrial Internet malicious encrypted traffic detection scheme with privacy protection. To accurately match the encrypted traffic and the detection rules, a privacy set intersection protocol based on the oblivious pseudorandom function and random garbled Bloom filter is constructed, which can detect malicious traffic without revealing data content. Meanwhile, our scheme can allow semi-trusted cloud servers to assist resource-constrained end devices to participate in private calculations. The key-homomorphic encryption is introduced to obfuscate the detection rules, making the detection rules always transparent to end users and semi-trusted cloud servers. We also design the random input verification to make the malicious end users do not have any opportunity to participate in the privacy set intersection calculation using arbitrary data. The scheme analysis and performance evaluation results show that our scheme can effectively guarantee the security of encrypted traffic detection with better detection performance and limited resource consumption.