Communication Transmission Research Articles

A Centralized Multi-User Anti-Composite Intelligent Interference Algorithm Based on Improved Q-Learning

This paper proposes a central anti-jamming algorithm (CAJA) based on improved Q-learning to further solve the communication challenges faced by multi-user wireless communication networks in terms of external complex malicious interference. This will also reduce the dual factors restricting wireless communication quality, the impact of inter-user interference within the network, and the effect of external malicious interference on the communication system to improve multi-user wireless communication transmission. Firstly, a central base station that coordinates and allocates channels for users within the network is set up using multi-user wireless communication network architecture to constitute a centralized wireless communication network. Secondly, the multi-user system is modeled using the single-user Markov decision process in which the central base station is the main body. Finally, an improved Q-learning algorithm is used to improve overall system transmission income using the central base station, based on the network user number sequential decision action for avoiding external malicious interference. It is designed to avoid the impact of internal network interference on transmission performance during the early stage of communication, achieving overall system transmission income improvement. Simulation results show that in comparison to the existing multi-user independent Q-learning anti-jamming algorithm and the traditional orthogonal frequency-hopping scheme, the proposed algorithm significantly improves overall system transmission performance.

Misreporting in teams with individual decision making: The impact of information and communication

We extend the experimental analysis of misreporting performance in real effort tasks (cheating) to situations where two members of a team perform the task sequentially and decide independently on their potentially inflated reports. We vary three factors in our experiment: whether no players, only players 2, or both players can misreport; whether players 2 learn the report of players 1; and whether players 1 can send a message to players 2 requesting honest or dishonest behavior. Our data yield two main insights. First, higher reports by players 1 lead to higher reports by players 2, i.e. misreporting is reinforcing. Second, allowing players 1 to send a message suggesting that players 2 either report honestly or a minimum number of correct solutions reduces misreporting by players 2. There are two channels for this. First, most players 1 request an honest report. Second, players 2 misreport far less when they receive the honest message, but, compared to the treatments without messages, hardly change their reports when they are asked to report a minimum number of correct solutions. We find a similar, though less pronounced, asymmetric response when players 2 learn the reports of players 1. These findings suggest that communication and information transmission can reduce cheating, and that there are notable spillover effects of honesty even in anonymous environments.

Secure Digital Information Forward Using Highly Developed AES Techniques in Cloud Computing

Nowadays, in communications, the main criteria are ensuring the digital information and communication in the network. The normal two users' communication exchanges confidential data and files via the web. Secure data communication is the most crucial problem for message transmission networks. To resolve this problem, cryptography uses mathematical encryption and decryption data on adaptation by converting data from a key into an unreadable format. Cryptography provides a method for performing the transmission of confidential or secure communication. The proposed AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)-based Padding Key Encryption (PKE) algorithm encrypts the Data; it generates the secret key in an unreadable format. The receiver decrypts the data using the private key in a readable format. In the proposed PKE algorithm, the sender sends data into plain Text to cypher-text using a secret key to the authorized person; the unauthorized person cannot access the data through the Internet; only an authorized person can view the data through the private key. A method for identifying user groups was developed. Support vector machines (SVM) were used in user behaviour analysis to estimate probability densities so that each user could be predicted to launch applications and sessions independently. The results of the proposed simulation offer a high level of security for transmitting sensitive data or files to recipients compared to other previous methods and user behaviour analysis.

Improved Sparse Vector Code Based on Optimized Spreading Matrix for Short-Packet in URLLC

Recently, the sparse vector code (SVC) is emerging as a promising solution for short-packet transmission in ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC). In the SVC process, the encoding and decoding stages are jointly modeled as a standard compressed sensing (CS) problem. Hence, this letter aims at improving the decoding performance of SVC by optimizing the spreading matrix (i.e., measurement matrix in CS). To this end, two greedy algorithms to minimize the mutual coherence value of the spreading matrix in SVC are proposed. Specially, for practical applications, the spreading matrices are further required to be bipolar whose entries are constrained as +1 or −1. As a result, the optimized spreading matrices are highly efficient for storage, computation, and hardware realization. Simulation results reveal that, compared with the existing work, the block error rate (BLER) performance of SVC can be improved significantly with the optimized spreading matrices.

Plate Condition Monitoring System Based on LoRa Wireless Transmission

In the process of tension stringing of transmission lines, the condition of the plate needs manual reporting, so its safety is poor, and its efficiency is low. To solve this problem, this study constructs a plate condition monitoring system of tension stringing based on the LoRa wireless transmission. This system consists of a data acquisition system, a wireless communication transmission system, and a monitoring and warning center. The STM32 is used to process the data collected by the sensors, and the LoRa wireless communication system is designed by way of adaptive dynamic change of LoRa’s network ID, and the networking mode of the multi-node relay, and the data is sent to the upper computer from a distance, and the upper computer software is implemented by MFC, which can monitor the condition of the plate in real-time. The test results show that the packet loss rate of LoRa is less than 5%, and the condition data of the plate can be transmitted to the monitoring software through LoRa and displayed. This system has the advantages of strong confidentiality, far transmission, and high safety, which can be used for real-time monitoring of the condition of the plate in the process of tension stringing.

A Low-Complexity Joint Compensation Scheme of Carrier Recovery for Coherent Free-Space Optical Communication

In this paper, a low-complexity joint compensation scheme of carrier recovery (JCSCR) for coherent free-space optical (CFSO) communication is proposed. We applied the carrier recovery joint compensation approach to a CFSO communication system in the quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation format. A signal-preprocessing stage, which effectively avoided the repetitive operations found in traditional carrier recovery schemes, was proposed. Unlike in existing carrier recovery algorithms, the modulated phase of the received signal could be accurately removed using only the sum and subtraction of real absolute values in the signal-preprocessing stage, greatly reducing the complexity of the operation. Since this algorithm avoids the traditional fourth operation, the system’s complexity is reduced while additional noise generated by fourth cross-terms would be prevented and system noise immunity would be greatly enhanced. In addition, this algorithm uses joint compensation of phase errors in the final compensation stage, further reducing the complexity of the computation of the whole algorithmic scheme. A 10 Gbps QPSK CFSO communication transmission experiment was conducted in an atmospheric turbulence channel to verify the proposed technique and improvement in receiver sensitivity.

Improvements of PV receiver in laser wireless power transmission by non-imaging optics

Laser Wireless Power Transmission (LWPT) systems have an extensive prospect in the field of wireless energy transmissions such as the space control on-orbit, spacecraft sensor networks, satellites to satellite communication and power transmission, ground to ground, ground to air, ground to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), etc. Previously, Concentrated Photovoltaics(CPV) has been used in solar energy as a solution to lower the size of the photovoltaics and yet increase efficiency. As is known laser beam spot normally presents a Gaussian distribution and laser somehow must match the size of the PV cell or array, that is how lens and concentrators are important to reshape and guide the laser beam towards the photovoltaics and in case of misalignment. The current research aims at improve the output performance of LWPT receiver by typical non-imaging optical device-Cross Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CCPC), which helps to improve the transmission of laser beam from different incident directions. Multi-field characteristics of the CPV module under laser power would be solved based on parameters from non-linear regression and experimental study. The multi-field performances of CPV module and single solar cell as the LWPT receivers have been compared. We have found that transmission distance d, divergence half-angle β, rotation angle θ and misalignment distance dmis are most important parameters for multi-field performances and LWPT conversion. The current research provides important references for LWPT system design and optimizations.

Knowledge and practices about taeniasis/cysticercosis complex within the framework of the national plan for its elimination in Colombia, 2019

The taeniasis/cysticercosis complex (TCC) belongs to the group of neglected infectious diseases with a multifactorial transmission that includes hosts such as humans and pigs of the parasitic tapeworm (Taenia solium) and environmental factors. This study represents the first phase of the National and Cross-sectoral Plan for TCC Elimination. Objectives: To obtain data about knowledge and practices in relation to the TCC from knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) surveys applied in two pilot localities for building a baseline of the potential risk factors related to identification, prevention, and control of TCC in Colombia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey from October to November in 2019 was carried out using a structured questionnaire and random sampling by single-stage conglomerates in the municipalities of Mahates, Bolívar (n = 152) (Atlantic Region) and Mercaderes, Cauca (n = 152) (Andean Region). Results: Respondents in Mahates showed moderate knowledge about TCC compared to those in Mercaderes, however, risky practices were identified in both places (consumption of pork with cysts and defecation in places other than the bathroom or latrine). Deficiency in infrastructure and failure in basic services were observed as potential risk factors for TCC transmission in both municipalities. Conclusion: Based on the framework of the National and Cross-sectoral Plan for TCC Elimination, adequate knowledge on identification, prevention, and control of the disease must be reinforced; cultural and ecological differences should be considered when designing communication and knowledge transmission tools. We consider that major investment should be made in improving basic services and creating sustainable modernized pig farming in Mahates and Mercaderes.

UNC-43/CaMKII-triggered anterograde signals recruit GABAARs to mediate inhibitory synaptic transmission and plasticity at C. elegans NMJs

Disturbed inhibitory synaptic transmission has functional impacts on neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. An essential mechanism for modulating inhibitory synaptic transmission is alteration of the postsynaptic abundance of GABAARs, which are stabilized by postsynaptic scaffold proteins and recruited by presynaptic signals. However, how GABAergic neurons trigger signals to transsynaptically recruit GABAARs remains elusive. Here, we show that UNC-43/CaMKII functions at GABAergic neurons to recruit GABAARs and modulate inhibitory synaptic transmission at C. elegans neuromuscular junctions. We demonstrate that UNC-43 promotes presynaptic MADD-4B/Punctin secretion and NRX-1α/Neurexin surface delivery. Together, MADD-4B and NRX-1α recruit postsynaptic NLG-1/Neuroligin and stabilize GABAARs. Further, the excitation of GABAergic neurons potentiates the recruitment of NLG-1-stabilized-GABAARs, which depends on UNC-43, MADD-4B, and NRX-1. These data all support that UNC-43 triggers MADD-4B and NRX-1α, which act as anterograde signals to recruit postsynaptic GABAARs. Thus, our findings elucidate a mechanism for pre- and postsynaptic communication and inhibitory synaptic transmission and plasticity.

Development and Simulation of a Fast Delay Cancellation Algorithm for Digital Multimedia Network Communication

The digital multimedia network data traffic is huge, and many end devices are applied to the digital multimedia network; therefore, the digital media network communication delay transmission must be analysed in order to improve the performance of the digital multimedia network communication transmission. Due to the presence of a large number of data packets in the communication network used, some random delays in data can occur during use. Conventional data transmission methods rely solely on extended data storage capacity to achieve this, making it difficult to achieve intelligent scheduling, resulting in delays and optimized performance degradation during communication data transmission. The aim of this paper is to enhance the communication quality of digital multimedia networks by developing an algorithmic model that rapidly mitigates communication delays. The proposed approach employs a delay cancellation algorithm in a network predictive control system. Simulation techniques are utilized to simulate and compensate for delays in multimedia communication networks. The efficacy of the network control strategy is demonstrated through simulation tests on a large-scale multimedia network communication system. The research findings indicate that the network control prediction model and elimination algorithm can substantially reduce the packet loss rate and quickly eliminate communication delays in digital multimedia networks.

UAV Trajectory Design and Power Optimization for Terahertz Band-Integrated Sensing and Communications

Sixth generation (6G) wireless networks require very low latency and an ultra-high data rate, which have become the main challenges for future wireless communications. To effectively balance the requirements of 6G and the extreme shortage of capacity within the existing wireless networks, sensing-assisted communications in the terahertz (THz) band with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is proposed. In this scenario, the THz-UAV acts as an aerial base station to provide information on users and sensing signals and detect the THz channel to assist UAV communication. However, communication and sensing signals that use the same resources can cause interference with each other. Therefore, we research a cooperative method of co-existence between sensing and communication signals in the same frequency and time allocation to reduce the interference. We then formulate an optimization problem to minimize the total delay by jointly optimizing the UAV trajectory, frequency association, and transmission power of each user. The resulting problem is a non-convex and mixed integer optimization problem, which is challenging to solve. By resorting to the Lagrange multiplier and proximal policy optimization (PPO) method, we propose an overall alternating optimization algorithm to solve this problem in an iterative way. Specifically, given the UAV location and frequency, the sub-problem of the sensing and communication transmission powers is transformed into a convex problem, which is solved by the Lagrange multiplier method. Second, in each iteration, for given sensing and communication transmission powers, we relax the discrete variable to a continuous variable and use the PPO algorithm to tackle the sub-problem of joint optimization of the UAV location and frequency. The results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the delay and improves the transmission rate when compared with the conventional greedy algorithm.

Joint range and velocity fast estimation for OFDM-based RadCom shared signal

Radar detection and communication transmission play a crucial role in both civilian and military applications, and their integrated implementation has now become a research hotspot. In this paper, we propose a method aiming at the application requirements of fast estimation to solve the issue of low real-time performance in the estimation of range and velocity for multi-carrier OFDM-based radar and communication (RadCom) shared signal. During the process, the shared signal echo model is transformed into a signal model similar to the uniform line array, and uses a weighted time-frequency smoothing (WTFS) algorithm to achieve decoherence processing, then the ESPRIT-MUSIC (E-M) algorithm is further used to achieve joint range and velocity fast estimation. Finally, theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed WTFS algorithm has better performance compared with the frequency smoothing algorithm, while the E-M algorithm achieves superior resolution accuracy and fast estimation with similar or lower computational complexity than existing more applied estimation methods.

1-Bit Compressive Sensing for Efficient Federated Learning Over the Air

For distributed learning among collaborative users, this paper develops and analyzes a communication-efficient scheme for federated learning (FL) over the air, which incorporates 1-bit compressive sensing (CS) into analog-aggregation transmissions. To facilitate design parameter optimization, we analyze the efficacy of the proposed scheme by deriving a closed-form expression for the expected convergence rate. Our theoretical results unveil the tradeoff between convergence performance and communication efficiency as a result of the aggregation errors caused by sparsification, dimension reduction, quantization, signal reconstruction and noise. Then, we formulate a joint optimization problem to mitigate the impact of these aggregation errors through joint optimal design of worker scheduling and power scaling policy. An enumeration-based method is proposed to solve this non-convex problem, which is optimal but becomes computationally infeasible as the number of devices increases. For scalable computing, we resort to the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) technique to develop an efficient implementation that is suitable for large-scale networks. Simulation results show that our proposed 1-bit CS based FL over the air achieves comparable performance to the ideal case where conventional FL without compression and quantification is applied over error-free aggregation, at much reduced communication overhead and transmission latency.

Retraction: A design of wet-mateable connector aiming for contactless power transfer and optical communication (IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 1152 012016)

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing following the discovery that large sections of it were duplicated from another paper [1] written by the authors that was submitted to another publisher in parallel and published prior to this article. The authors initially requested a retraction, but failed to provide necessary information and then withdrew the retraction request. The authors have now confirmed that redundant publication has occurred. This matter was investigated in line with COPE guidelines and IOP Publishing has decided to retract the work. The authors agree to this retraction. [1] Duan, Z., Zhang, Y., Hu, J., He, B., & Yang, C. (2023). Research on non-contact wet mateable connector for optical communication and power transmission. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1100653/full Retraction published: 27 July 2023

Investigation on Fe-Doped AlGaN/GaN HEMT at 148 GHz Using E-FPL Technology for High-Frequency Communication Systems

In this research work, design of the Extended Field Plate Length (E-FPL) T-gate with Fe doped AlGaN buffer structure on the graded Aluminum Gallium nitride (AlGaN)/ Gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is proposed. The gate length of 60 nm with an ExFPL up to 50 nm towards the drain shows remarkable improvement in breakdown voltage. Meanwhile, the drain current (IDS) and transconductance (GM) is further improved by the Fe doped AlGaN Buffer design. In radio frequency (RF) small signal analysis this device exhibits a peak current-gain cutoff frequency fT of 148 GHz. This device has improved transconductance of 24% with high frequency has compared with conventional GaN HEMT device. It is highly compatible with military applications such as Radio Frequency (RF) upstream transmitters, ship and aircraft communication transmitters and High-frequency Radars (HFRs).

Interactive Narration: Immersive Emotional Expression in New Media Image Art

In the new media era, technological changes are constantly being implemented and narrative forms are changing. The narrative experience with interaction as the core arises at the historic moment. In the process of creating new media works of art, it has become a trend for viewers and authors to communicate collectively in order to achieve common creation. In view of this, the purpose of this paper is to explore the development trend of new media art, combined with narrative theory, to construct the logical relationship of the article's internal structure from the three aspects of interactive narrative relationship, the driving consciousness of emotional expression and the "immersion" expression of the work, and to explore the impact of interactive narrative on the viewer's personal emotion and the emotional connection between the viewer and others and the society with the viewer's emotion as the center. The article draws a conclusion that the interactive narrative mode can satisfy the common creative relationship between the viewer and the art, and the emotional expression, as a way of communication and information transmission between the work and the viewer, can provide a certain thinking and creative space for the future development direction of new media image art.

Rain Attenuation Analysis On VSAT KU-BAND Frequency Meteorological Station of Mopah Merauke

Abstract
 
 BMKG is one of the government agencies that provides Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysic observation data, sent from each Work Unit or Site Sensor. One of the communication media used is VSAT. The Ku-band channel is one of the frequencies used by the BMKG for communication and data transmission. The Ku-band channel has a weakness for propagation, namely rain attenuation. It is necessary to calculate the effect of rain attenuation on the Ku-band channel, in order to obtain efficient power by each earth station. Model ITU-R P.618-5 is one of the rain attenuation prediction models and is generally used for frequencies up to 30 GHz. One of the BMKG station locations that uses the Ku-Band channel is Mopah Merauke Station. With rainfall data of 80.2 mm/hour in Mopah Merauke, ITU-R P.618-5 produces a rain attenuation of 17.86 dB. While the percentage of error with measurement data is 30.1%.
 Keywords: BMKG, VSAT, Ku-Band, ITU-R P.618-5, Merauke, propagation, attenuation, rain

Files Cooperative Caching Strategy Based on Physical Layer Security for Air-to-Ground Integrated IoV

Mobile edge cache (MEC)-enabled air-to-ground integrated Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology can solve wireless network backhaul congestion and high latency, but security problems such as eavesdropping are often ignored when designing cache strategies. In this paper, we propose a joint design of cache strategy and physical layer transmission to improve the security offloading ratio of MEC-enabled air-to-ground IoV. By using the random geometry theory and Laplace transform, we derive the closed-form expression of the network security offloading ratio, which is defined as the probability that the request vehicle (RV) successfully finds the required file around it and obtains the file with a data rate larger than a given threshold. During the file acquisition process, we collectively consider the impact of the successful connection and secure transmission in the vehicle wireless communication. Then, we establish an optimization problem for maximizing the network security offloading ratio, in which the cache strategy and the secure transmission rate are jointly optimized. Furthermore, we propose an alternating optimization algorithm to solve the joint optimization problem. Simulation experiments verify the correctness of our theoretical derivation, and prove that the proposed cache strategy is superior to other existing cache strategies.

Importance Sampling Over Monte Carlo Technique to Estimate Wireless Infrared On-Chip Communication

Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) represents the development of optical communication. The advantages of OCDMA such as, asynchronous multiuser communication transmission, flexibility, ample bandwidth and scalability; have made this technique a better candidate to be proposed for next generation network on chip. In this paper, performance of on-chip OCDMA communication system is analyzed. Analytical techniques for estimating the performance of optical communication systems are difficult, complicated and no complete analytical treatment of the problem has been obtained before. Simulation techniques such as Monte Carlo (MC) are used to obtain reasonable estimates of these systems performance. For optical communications, Monte Carlo require excessively large sample sizes which makes it cumbersome in terms of physical resources, and are not practical for estimating very low values of error probabilities. Modified Monte-Carlo (Importance sampling/IS) method was used to reduce the number of simulation tests for estimating error probabilities for optical communications systems by modifying the probability density function of the on-chip noise process. Simulation results are presented and assessed in term of bit error rate (BER), showing the contribution of IS relatively to MC.

Spatial‐Division‐Assisted Multi‐Level Amplitude‐Programmable Metasurface for Dual‐Band Direct Wireless Communication

AbstractWith the rapid development of electromagnetic (EM) wave manipulation technique, programmable metasurfaces with real‐time EM responses (e.g., phase, amplitude) have emerged as a new type of wireless communication transmitter, which has the advantages of simple architecture and low cost. Here, it has been proposed a design strategy of dual‐band wireless communication system based on a spatial‐division‐assisted multi‐level amplitude‐programmable metasurface. The carrier frequency and modulation scheme of each physical channel can be independently designed by changing the external bias voltages and the spatial‐coding sequences applied onto the metasurface. As the proof‐of‐concept, experiments are conducted to prove the feasibility of the system in sub 6G communication band. Two pictures are successfully transmitted via high and low‐frequency channels using binary amplitude‐shift keying and 4 amplitude‐shift keying modulation schemes, respectively.