Transmission In Real Time Research Articles

Low-Cost FPGA TDC With High Resolution and Density

Time-to-digital converter (TDC) implemented in field programmable gate array (FPGA) has been developed for years and obtained superior performance. In an application with large amount of channels, tradeoff must be weighed between performance and cost if TDC is implemented in FPGA. Massive channels with high event rate also lead to big challenges for high data rate transmission in real time. Thus, it has great significance to develop time digitizers that accommodate high data rate with satisfying resolution and cost. In this paper, a TDC prototype with sandwich structure implemented in low-cost FPGA is presented. It contains 320 time measurement channels (ten TDC daughter cards) and can be used as digitizer for evaluating super module detectors in compressed baryonic matter time-of-fight experiment. Gigabit transceiver integrated in FPGA is utilized to support over 1-Gb/s data rate of a single TDC daughter. Preliminary tests show rms of leading edge measurement is better than 15 ps, and that of TOT measurement implemented by a single channel is better than 28 ps.

Self-Adaptive Data Collection and Fusion for Health Monitoring Based on Body Sensor Networks

In the past few years, wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs) emerged as a low-cost solution for healthcare applications. In WBSNs, biosensors collect periodically physiological measurement and send them to the coordinator where the data fusion process takes place. However, processing the huge amount of data captured by the limited lifetime biosensors and taking the right decisions when there is an emergency are major challenges in WBSNs. In this paper, we introduce a biosensor data management framework, starting from data collection to decision making. First, we propose an adaptive data collection approach on the biosensor node level. This approach uses an early warning score system to optimize data transmission and estimates in real time the sensing frequency. Second, we present a data fusion model on the coordinator level using a decision matrix and fuzzy set theory. To evaluate our approach, we conducted multiple series of simulations on real sensor data. The results show that our approach reduces the amount of collected data, while maintaining data integrity. In addition, we show the impact of sampling and filtering data on the accuracy of the taken decisions and compare our data fusion approach with a basic decision tree algorithm.

Tools to operate and manage early warning systems for natural hazards monitoring in El Salvador

This article explores the concerns from the institutions to include information from the field into geographical information systems (GIS). This task is becoming an essential action to strengthen and speed up the response to an imminent threat. Specially creating strategies supported by national plans such as risk reduction national plans, and climate change national plans among others. The research is based on the case of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of El Salvador (MARN for its acronym in Spanish) that has performed various actions in monitoring disasters. The telemetry technology has started to be one of the main system for data collection. Despite the fact that El Salvador is a developing country, the first steps have been performed to form an integrated system. To develop an effective EWS in the recent year the implementation of GIS is one of the tool to manage data. Among this, different software classified in principle as an open or proprietary source exists. The research explain how the monitoring center implements such a software as one of the main bases for the daily tasks that needs to be accomplished. Therefore, we discuss two case examples to elaborate on the importance of this study (El Salvador case and Korean case). Presenting the procedures of both countries, the centers have started to use different tools that combine the use of open source software and proprietary software to develop applications that are easily understood by people and offers easy access and transmission in real time. The final product proposes is to propose an integrated and comprehensive system, sharing information in the shortest time possible, and achieving a big database available to make risk assessments would be the main goals of such a system.

Genomic Signatures of Emerging Viruses: A New Era of Systems Epidemiology.

Compared to classical epidemiologic methods, genomics can be used to precisely monitor virus evolution and transmission in real time across large, diverse populations. Integration of pathogen genomics with data about host genetics and global transcriptional responses to infection allows for comprehensive studies of population-level responses to infection and provides novel methods for predicting clinical outcomes. As genomic technologies become more accessible, these methods will redefine how emerging viruses are studied and outbreaks are contained. Here we review the existing and emerging genomic technologies that are enabling systems epidemiology and systems virology and making it possible to respond rapidly to emerging viruses such as Zika.

Study of the process of management of the operating modes of electric networks in modern conditions

To improve the process of management of operating modes of electric networks in modern conditions, the following tasks were solved. Technical and economic model of OL, taking into account the incompleteness of the initial information, which is characterized by changes in analytical connection of investments with the wire section to optimize the parametric series of wire sections was improved. The criterion of technical and economic distinctiveness of the OL options taking into account the discreteness of the scale of wire sections in forming the parametric series, which is a prerequisite for the OL unification and reduces the effect of network heterogeneity was formed. To optimize the process of management of electric power transmission, the principle of economic similarity in the problems of improving the OL structure based on unification, which provides a twofold extension of the object life until the first reconstruction at the minimum technological losses was elaborated. Some development aspects of OL as the active-adaptive objects of EN under the SmartGrid platform to regulate the process of management of electric power transmission in real time were presented.

Design of Physiological Parameters Transmission System Based on the Android System

With the development of science, technology and medical equipment, it becomes possible that people can make the health surveillance in a convenient way. The thesis is a design on the transmission system of wearable medical health observation system, which is based on cloud medical treatment platform. It connects wearable devices and medical treatment of cloud service platform expediently and efficiently, and completes the data transmission in real time.

MODELLING THE SATELLITE COMMUNICATION LINKS WITH ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING

Global technologies of data transmission in real time are developing constantly. Therefore, modelling of messages transmission through satellite constellations is an actual problem. In this paper the original model of a communication channel ‘Vehicle-to-Satellite-to-Ground Station’ based on principles of the IEEE 802.11a standard is designed using MatLab Sіmulіnk software. The model allows simulating data transmission with data rate from 6 to 54 Mbit/s using adaptive modulation. Two types of channels were analysed for uplink/downlink modulation – a free space path losses with phase/frequency offset and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) link. On the base of this model, channel integrity was investigated and dependences of a Signal-Noise Ratio (SNR) on free space path losses, antennas diameters, number of OFDM symbols and satellite transponder noise temperature were received.

Study of ion transmission for a linear mode Bradbury–Nielsen gate in ion mobility spectrometer

Fourier transform ion mobility spectrometer (FT-IMS) has the advantage of high ion utilization efficiency. Its two ion gates work in binary switch mode with square wave modulation function, which causes interference from high order scaled versions of the original spectrum. This problem can be avoided by using cosine modulation function, which requires the ion gates working in linear mode by quantitatively controlling its transmission in real time. In this paper, the influence of the structure parameters of Bradbury–Nielsen gate (BNG) and the electrical parameters on the ion transmission is investigated by SIMION simulation and experiment. The results show that the transmission in the open state is determined by the mechanical aperture ratio, and in the transition state is determined by the electric field ratio. In practical, the ion transmission can be quantitatively controlled by simply adjusting the voltage difference between adjacent wires when in the transition state. The nonlinearity between the transmission and the control voltage can be corrected by a simple calibration. This job proves the possibility of implementing a linear mode BNG, which can be used in further to improve the precision of the FT-IMS.

Red5와 Node.js를 활용한 실시간 음성 및 영상 시스템의 설계 및 구현

The Web is a way to share documents and communicate. However, voice and video data can be transmission in real time and currently being developed by the objects and the objects that interact to further develop the Internet. Existing video and audio programs to transmission data to the interface of different types of systems a lot of constraint condition on the cost of the interface, extensibility. In this paper, voice and audio transmission system a different operating system, improve the constraints ∙제1저자 : 김혁진 ∙교신저자 : 곽우영 ∙투고일 : 2014 07. 25, 심사일 : 2014. 08. 18, 게재확정일 : 2014. 09. 22. * 청운대학교 컴퓨터학과(Dept. of Computer Science, Chungwoon University) **호서대학교 산학협력단 기업협력부(Dept. of Business Colaboration, Industry-Academy Colaboration group, Hoseo University) ※ 본 논문은 2014학년도 청운대학교 학술연구조성비 지원에 의하여 연구되었음. 160 Journal of The Korea Society of Computer and Information October 2014 of the ERP system compatibility and extensibility is a open source based system developed by the research. The program is different types of systems and interface, extensibility with program design and development methodologies, and open source-based system composed This system is good for cost saving and extensibility. Therefore, systems research and development, Extensibility and excellent on the interface, system design and development methodologies, such as real-time video conferencing, HMI, and take advantage of your video available from SNS. ▸

Smart Community Security System Based on Sensor Web

The traditional smart security systems have poor extensity, delayed alarm systems, and cannot be controlled through the remote network. To solve the shortcomings, this article proposed a smart security system based on Sensor Web. The system used Sensor Observation Service to achieve the data transmission and storage in real time. Users can send requests to Sensor Observation Service to get home environment information in real time via Internet. The system also implemented Sensor Event Service, so that users can get home security alarm information in real time by subscribing the events they are interested in.

H.264 Video Transmission over Wlan in Opnet Modeller

One of the biggest challenges of communication networks is the video transmission in real time. It requires high demands on the available network capacity and transport mechanisms. Availability of smart mobile devices with batteries, which keep the terminal working for several hours, caused an increased interest in the research of the deployment of video transmission in wireless transmission systems. The presented paper deals with the transmission of video encoded with H.264/AVC (Advanced Video Coding) video coding standard through wireless local area network (WLAN) using the programming environment OPNET Modeller (OM). The test network studied in this work was prepared by combining real and simulated networks, which allows interesting possibilities when working with the OM tools. Such an approach to working with OM allows a detailed video streaming analysis, because the video output was noticeably not only in the form of statistics, but we can see the real impact of transmission failures. Using the OM simulation environment allows to design the transmission systems, which would be difficult to establish in laboratory conditions.

Measurement Systemwith Hall and a Four Point Probes for Characterization of Semiconductors

One of the biggest challenges of communication networks is the video transmission in real time. It requires high demands on the available network capacity and transport mechanisms. Availability of smart mobile devices with batteries, which keep the terminal working for several hours, caused an increased interest in the research of the deployment of video transmission in wireless transmission systems. The presented paper deals with the transmission of video encoded with H.264/AVC (Advanced Video Coding) video coding standard through wireless local area network (WLAN) using the programming environment OPNET Modeller (OM). The test network studied in this work was prepared by combining real and simulated networks, which allows interesting possibilities when working with the OM tools. Such an approach to working with OM allows a detailed video streaming analysis, because the video output was noticeably not only in the form of statistics, but we can see the real impact of transmission failures. Using the OM simulation environment allows to design the transmission systems, which would be difficult to establish in laboratory conditions.

Experimental characterization and diagnostics of the early‐age behavior of a semi‐integral abutment FRP deck bridge

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to further validate a wireless sensor system developed at Clarkson University for structural monitoring of highway bridges. The particular bridge monitored employs a fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) panel system which is fairly innovative in the field of civil engineering design. The superstructure was monitored on two separate occasions to determine a change in structural response and see how the structural system performs over time.Design/methodology/approachA series of wireless sensor units was deployed at various locations of the steel superstructure, to measure both the modal response from acceleration measurements as well as quasi‐static and dynamic strain response. Ambient and forced loading conditions were applied to measure the response. Data results were compared over two separate periods approximately nine months apart.FindingsThe first eight mode shapes were produced from output‐only system identification providing natural frequencies ranging from approximately 6 to 42 Hz. The strain response was monitored over two different testing periods to measure various performance characteristics. Neutral axis, distribution factor, impact factor and end fixity were determined. Results appeared to be different over the two testing periods. They indicate that the load rating of the superstructure decreased over the nine month period, possibly due to deterioration of the materials or composite action.Research limitations/implicationsThe results from the two testing periods indicate that further testing needs to be completed to validate the change in response. It is difficult to say with certainty that the significant change in response is due to bridge deterioration and not other factors such as temperature effects on load rating. The sensor system, however, proved to provide high quality data and responses indicating its successful deployment for load testing and monitoring of highway infrastructure.Originality/valueThe paper provides a depiction of the change in structural behavior of a bridge superstructure using a wireless sensor system. The wireless system provided high‐rate data transmission in real time. Load testing at two different points in time, eight months apart, showed a significant change in bridge behavior. The paper provides a practical and actual physical load test and rating during these two periods for quantifiable change in response. It is shown that the wireless system is capable of infrastructure monitoring and that possible deterioration is expected with this particular bridge design. Additionally, the load testing occurred during different seasons, which could create cause for temperature effects in load rating. This can provide a basis for future performance monitoring techniques and structural health monitoring.

A Study for Communication Network Construction of Hydro Information

This paper introduces some primitive methods about hydro information transmission firstly, and then focuses on airborne remote sensing real-time transmission system and point-to-point duplex transmission in real time. The modes of hydro information transmission, including telephone network, satellite, short wave, ultra short wave and computer network communication etc, have realized the information transmission of “the integration of Satellite-Airborne-Ground”. The information transmission of airborne remote sensing real-time transmission system adopts the transmission of “Satellite-Airplane-Ground”. Point-to-point duplex transmission system in real time consists of two nodes which have the capacity of “point-to-point” duplex data transmission.

TARGET-AIDED SAR IMAGE INTELLIGENT COMPRESSION

Intelligent compression is important to image transmission in real time over bandlimited channels for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) payloads deployed on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), where target areas are encoded with high fldelity, while background data are encoded with lesser fldelity. A target-aided SAR image intelligent compression (TAIC) system is presented in this paper, which utilizes robust flxed-rate trellis-coded quantization (FRTCQ) to encode target sequences and FRTCQ to encode background sequences. Multiresolution constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector in wavelet domain using db4 based on the multiscale model of target is embedded. Generic region of interest (ROI) mask is created. In order to achieve better quality of target areas decoded, ROI mask is modifled. The improved performance using TAIC system by compressing target chips from training set and testing set in Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) database is demonstrated.

Disease Intervention Specialists as a Corps, Not Corpse

To the Editor: In his editorial,1 Golden describes the metamorphosis of partner notification (PN) since the late 1990s, a time by which PN had fallen into disrepute and disuse, into Expedited Partner Therapy (EPT) for the curable sexually transmissible infections (STI). As principal advocate for EPT he and his colleagues are to be thanked for their determined efforts to reinvent PN, once dubbed “the sickly man of public health”.2 Essentially, EPT consists of the STI-diagnosed patient delivering the appropriate prescription to exposed partners. Programmatically, such an approach shifts PN responsibility from health worker to patient. Although EPT must be welcomed as preferable to doing nothing, disease control authorities must not discard some of the more useful contact tracing responsibilities. EPT is inherently capable of achieving 2 of the 3 purposes served by seeking the contacts of STI patients3: the ethical obligation to warn exposed partners and reduction of the community STI burden. EPT is not, however, designed to achieve the third: elucidating local transmission dynamics. This requires on-theground investigation to identify the networks hosting transmission in (nearly) real time.4 Indeed, it is here that we should reiterate the central distinction between PN and contact tracing: the former focuses on the individual’s welfare whereas the latter, on the community’s.3 Thus, although I endorse EPT, use of specialized contact tracing efforts in special circumstances (e.g., periodic monitoring of ongoing transmission for selected sexually transmitted bacterial and blood-borne infections5 and for STD/HIV outbreaks) retains its importance for providing epidemiologic insights. During the last 25 years, contact tracing has been programmatically deemphasized and PN, inadequately implemented.6 Importantly, the corps of federally funded, trained, and state-assigned STI “shoe-leather” epidemiologists was, in effect, decommissioned about 40 years after its formation in 1948. The pivotal loss was the specialized set of disease investigation skills, especially “their ability to respond to newly emerging and ongoing threats of STDs”.7 They once exported STI interviewing and contact tracing skills, along with high professional standards (commitment, persistence, and willingness to challenge patient denial and evasiveness) to local health jurisdictions, a consequence of being assigned to virtually every US state and territory. But that was then and this is now. Given the fluid nature of STI/HIV dynamics and given the breadth of new and newly emerging infections in both rich and poor countries,8 the need and demand for specialized shoe-leather epidemiologic skills is likely to remain brisk. Although EPT deserves a solid place in the STI control armamentarium, its implementation should not obviate this need. Disease intervention sleuths should be a corps, not corpse.

Ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus and image processing apparatus

An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus that performs high acoustic pressure and low acoustic pressure ultrasonic transmissions by switching at predetermined timing in the enhanced ultrasonography, and displays concurrently a replenishment image obtained through the low acoustic pressure transmission in real time like a moving picture, and a pre-flash image obtained through the low acoustic pressure transmission immediately before switching to the high acoustic pressure transmission like a still image to allow the operator to understand the structure at the level of capillaries. It is also possible to display a selected image obtained through the low acoustic pressure transmission at an arbitrary timing instead of the pre-flash image.

Parallel networking of the computers

In this paper, new concept for parallel networking of the computers or LANs over different WAN telecommunications networks, is presented. One solution of the parallel networks, which enables reliable transfer of multimedia traffic and data transmission in real time between a computer of LAN via N (N = 1, 2 3, 4,…) different inter-connected Wide Area Network. Connections between computers or LANs and wide area networks are realized using universal modems whose solution has also been presented.

Evaluation of a none compressed 12-lead ECG transmission via internet using IPSec

Electrocardiogram (ECG) transmission in real time could involve some problems with the quality of services and security. This paper aims to evaluate a none compressed 12-lead ECG transmission using the Secure Internet Protocol (IPSec), compared with the popular Internet Protocol (IP). Using an analytical model, the transmission performance is estimated in terms of end-to-end delay and loss rate. Our results show that ECG transmission could be assured both security and quality of services.

Hydrological anomalies connected to earthquakes in southern Apennines (Italy)

Abstract. The study of hydrological variations in the watersheds of seismic areas can be useful in order to acquire a new knowledge of the mechanisms by which earthquakes can produce hydrological anomalies. Italy has the availability of many long historical series both of hydrological parameters and of seismological data, and is an ideal laboratory to verify the validity of theoretical models proposed by various authors. In this work we analyse the hydrological anomalies associated with some of the big earthquakes that occurred in the last century in the southern Apennines: 1930, 1980 and 1984. For these earthquakes we analysed hydrometric and pluviometric data looking for significant anomalies in springs, water wells and mountain streams. The influence of rainfalls on the normal flows of rivers, springs and wells has been ascertained. Also, the earthquake of 1805, for which a lot of hydrological perturbations have been reported, is considered in order to point out effects imputable to this earthquake that can be similar to the effects of the other big earthquakes. The considered seismic events exhibit different modes of energy release, different focal mechanisms and different propagation of effects on the invested areas. Furthermore, even if their epicentres were not localised in contiguous seismogenetic areas, it seems that the hydrological effects imputable to them took place in the same areas. Such phenomena have been compared with macroseismic fields and transformed in parameters, in order to derive empirical relationships between the dimensions of the event and the characteristics of the hydrological variations. The results of this work point to a close dependence among hydrological anomalies, regional structures and fault mechanisms, and indicate that many clear anomalies have been forerunners of earthquakes. In 1993, the Naples Bureau of the Hydrographic National Service started the continuous monitoring of hydrologic parameters by a network of automatic stations and transmission in real time; presently 7 acquifers are under control in which also pH, T , salinity, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen are measured. We envisage to increase the number of monitoring sites and controlled parameters.