Transmission Elasticity Research Articles

Analisis Pemasaran dan Transmisi Harga Lada Putih di Kabupaten Sambas

Marketing channels, marketing margins, efficiency and elasticity of marketing price transmission for white pepper in Sambas Regency will be the objectives of this research. Quantitative descriptive methods were used in this research. Non-probability sampling is a technique used with the purposive sampling method. Primary and secondary sources are the data used. Marketing margin analysis, marketing channel efficiency, and price transmission elasticity are some of the methods used. The results of this research show that there are two different marketing channels for white pepper in Sambas Regency: channel I directly from farmers to wholesalers then to final consumers, and channel II from farmers to collectors then to wholesalers then to final consumers. Channel I marketing efficiency is 0.46% and farmer's share is 97.56%, resulting in a marketing margin of IDR 2,000/kg. At the same time, marketing channel II achieved a marketing margin of Rp. 5,000/Kg, with a farmer's share of 93.90% and a marketing efficiency level of 0.83%. Marketing channel I is more efficient than marketing channel II. The elasticity value of price transmission in channel II is 0.663, which means that every 1% change in consumer prices will cause a change of less than 1% or 0.663% change in producer prices so it is inelastic. On the other hand, the collector level and producer level have an elasticity value of 0.632, meaning that a 1% change at the collector level results in a price change of 0.632% or less than 1% at the producer level (Inelastic). Thus, the influence of consumer prices is greater than collector prices.

Marketing analysis and price transmission elasticity of beef cattle at Batang Kapas District, Pesisir Selatan Regency

This study aims to determine the marketing channels and institutions, marketing functions, marketing margins, elasticity of price transmission and marketing efficiency of Pesisir cattle in Batang Kapas District. This research was conducted using the survey method. The data collected were primary and secondary data. Respondents were 60 farmers and 8 cattle traders. Data analysis used was descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results showed that there were three types of marketing channels in Batang Kapas Sub-district, South Pesisir Regency, consisting of: (1) farmers – collectors – wholesalers – consumers, (2) farmers – wholesalers – consumers, (3) farmers – collectors – consumers. The marketing functions carried out by collectors and wholesalers are almost the same, namely the exchange function includes buying and selling, the physical function includes transportation and storage, the facility function includes risk management, financing and market information, but wholesalers do not carry out the risk management sub-function. The marketing channel with the highest marketing margin is channel I at IDR 2,375,000/cattle. The price transmission elasticity of Pesisir cattle is 0.97. The smallest efficiency value is channel II at 2.54% and marketing channel I at 3.67% and channel III at 2.94%. Based on these results, it can be stated that the most efficient marketing channel is channel II.

Investigating the Market’s Behavior of Curly Red Chili in Bengkulu Indonesia Using Price Formation and Transmission Elasticity Model

Curly red chili is one of the strategic agricultural products in Indonesia, especially in Bengkulu, and its distribution process is an essential aspect. This process consists of market participants' behavior and price formation. This research aims to investigate the curly red chili market behavior and to analyze the price formation and price transmission elasticity in Bengkulu Province. Panel data were obtained from retailers and farmers during a month. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis for market behavior, while linear regression was used for the factors affecting price formation and price transmission elasticity. The result of market behavior analysis indicates that collecting traders buy the chili from farmers, then sell it to the next level sellers without any treatment. If the farmers have no debt and price agreement, they negotiate the price with the traders. On the other hand, if the farmers have a loan and there is a price agreement, the price is determined by the moneylender. Furthermore, the chili price at retailers is formed by following the price change on the previous day, and it is also influenced by the price at previous traders. It can be concluded that the marketing system has a vertical effect and backward linkage between its elements. The chili price transmission elasticity is 0.675. This empirical result concluded that the rate of price change by 1 per cent at the consumer level would cause a price change of only 0.675 per cent in the trader stage. Thus, the market system is inefficient, and it is competing imperfectly.

ANALYSIS OF PRICE TRANSMISSION ELASTICITY OF POTATO IN KARO DISTRICT, NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE

The price gap between the price obtained by farmers and the price obtained by retail traders indicates that the price received by retail traders is not the price received by farmers. Prices are high when production is low, on the other hand during harvest the prices obtained are usually low, even though the product may not sell well because there are many products on the market. As a result of large price fluctuations, potato is a seasonal crop and its varied production often creates uncertainty for farmers in terms of income or profits for farmers. The purpose of this research is to analyze the price transmission elasticity of potatoes in Karo Regency and to analyze the marketing margin and farmer share. This research uses secondary data for 5 years (72 months) from 2018 to 2022. The research method used to analyze price transmission elasticity is simple linear regression. The results showed that the price transmission elasticity of potatoes in Karo Regency was inelastic. The marketing margin received by potato wholesalers in Karo Regency is RP 5,348/Kg, with a percentage of 24.67%. the marketing margin received by retail potato traders in Karo Regency is RP 11,152/Kg, with a percentage of 32.11%.

Accurate transmission performance evaluation of servo-mechanisms for robots

The Servo-Mechanisms (SMs) mounted in industrial robots joints are a major source of positioning accuracy errors . To improve robots precision performance, researchers have been focusing on the development of novel SMs design and control strategies, which need extensive experimental analyses to tune their parameters. In this context, the scope of this paper is double: first, to present the novel experimental apparatus and methods designed to improve the accuracy of the transmission performance evaluation of high dynamics SMs and, secondly, to report and discuss the achieved experimental results. In the first part, a description of the test rig tuning operations is given, primarily focusing on the signals synchronization and on the elimination of the measuring errors caused by the mechanical transmission elasticity and the servomotor torque ripples. Then, control strategies for compensating the torque ripples and input speed errors are defined. It is shown that speed oscillations can be reduced of ≈ 70 % when rotating the servomotor up to 2000 rpm, improving the measurement quality of the reducer performance. In the second part, a set of experiments is carried out to assess the combined effect of input speed and lubricant temperature on the reducer behavior. The system sensitivity to the variation of the input parameters is confirmed by the dynamic lost motion curves, whose mean value equals 16 . 8 ″ and 35 . 4 ″ when the reducer is operated at its minimum and maximum friction load respectively. At last, the extrapolated harmonic content is used to build a simple mathematical model of the reducer transmission error. • Methods employed to assess the performance of modern servo-mechanisms are reported. • Practical guidelines for improving the measurements quality are proposed. • The effect of oil temperature and input speed on the reducer is assessed. • A model of the reducer transmission error is derived from the measured data.

SPATIAL INTEGRATION AND PRICE BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS OF MAJOR POTATO WHOLESALE MARKETS IN GUJARAT

In this age of market information and intelligence, price behaviour analysis of agricultural commodities is crucial for optimizing returns of farmers and to hedge them from associated price fluctuations. Unintegrated markets are the precursors of market failures leading to discrepancies in both supply and demand. The purpose of this study is to examine market integration and price transmission mechanism under a unified testing strategy for potato in four major wholesale consumption markets of Gujarat viz. Ahmedabad, Bharuch, Rajkot, and Surat. Monthly wholesale prices (Rs/quintal) for fourteen years (2007-08 to 2020-21), yielding a total of 168 observations, were analyzed. The findings revealed the highest elasticity of price transmission between Rajkot and Surat (0.96), while the lowest between Ahmedabad and Rajkot markets (0.84). Besides, error correction model confirmed that on average 27 per cent to 44 per cent of the short-run price fluctuations in the markets get corrected within a month. Granger causality further confirmed bidirectional price influence in all the market pairs except for Ahmedabad-Rajkot pair. As significant improvements in transportation and storage infrastructure in Gujarat might have led to high price integration in the markets, the study opines the need for taking price integration advocacy to the farmers' end directly through calibrated training programmes for enabling them to take improved planting, storage and marketing decisions.

ANALISIS EFISIENSI PEMASARAN DAN TRANSMISI HARGA CABAI RAWIT DI KECAMATAN WAKORUMBA UTARA KABUPATEN BUTON UTARA

This study aims to identify marketing channel patterns, analyze marketing margins, marketing efficiency and price transmission of cayenne pepper. To determine the sample of cayenne pepper farmers in the study using the Simple Random Sampling method and determining marketing institutions using Snowbal Sampling. The results showed that there are 2 marketing channels of cayenne pepper in North Wakorumba District, North Buton Regency, namely marketing channel I consisting of farmers - collectors - wholesalers - retailers and then marketed to final consumers, while marketing channel II starts from farmers - traders wholesaler-retailer which is then marketed to the final consumer. The total cost of the entire marketing channel I involved is Rp. 6,133.28/Kg, while in the marketing channel II is Rp. 3,577.8/Kg, the total marketing margin in the marketing channel I is Rp. 15,000/Kg, in the marketing channel II the total margin is IDR 10,000/Kg. The farmer share in marketing channel I is 75%, marketing channel II is 85% and the elasticity of price transmission in marketing channel I is 0.15 and for the elasticity of marketing channel II is 0.28. Both marketing institutions have elasticity < 1 or inelastic.

Elastisitas Transmisi Harga Komoditas Buah Pepaya Di Kabupaten Indramayu Jawa Barat

This study aims to analyze the elasticity price transmission of papaya fruit at the farmer level (producer) and at the consumer level (retailer) in Indramayu Regency. Papaya is one of the fruits favored by the public because of its vitamin content, fresh taste, and low price. The price transmission elasticity (Et) analysis uses a simple regression between two prices, namely prices at the farm level and at the retailer level. The research data uses time series data on monthly papaya prices at the farmer level and at the consumer level in Indramayu Regency during the 2014-2020 period. The results of the analysis show that the price elasticity of papaya fruit in Indramayu Regency is inelastic (Et < 1). This shows that price changes at the farmer level are smaller than the price changes at the retail level. This means that farmers have not received good prices from traders.

A note on the correspondence between horizontal and vertical price transmission

AbstractHorizontal (vertical) elasticities of price transmission in a competitive market can be positive or negative in sign depending on whether observed changes in market prices are triggered by shifts in the supply or demand for the commodity or by changes in trade (marketing) costs. These facts suggest estimates of horizontal (vertical) elasticities of price transmission obtained from empirical models that exclude trade (marketing) costs will suffer from attenuation bias. The attenuation bias is apt to cause inferences about market efficiency to be more pessimistic than is warranted.

Margin Pemasaran dan Transmisi Harga Tomat di Desa Sidamangura Kecamatan Kusambi Kabupaten Muna Barat

This study aims to analyze channel pattern and tomato marketing margins, analyze efficiency for each tomato marketing channel, and analyze tomato price transmission. To determine the sample in this study, the writer using the methods of purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Purposive sampling used for sampling all tomato farmers, so that 25 tomato farmers were obtained. Snowball sampling is used to determine marketing institutions so that 17 marketing institutions are obtained consisting of 2 collectors, 3 wholesalers, and 12 retailers. The results of the study showed that there were 3 marketing channels for tomatoes in Sidamangura Village. Channel III has the highest Farner's Share value of 73% with a total margin of Rp.2.66/Kg, so it is indicated to have the best level of marketing efficiency compared to Channel I of 60% with a total margin of Rp. 4.417/Kg and Channel II of 58% with a total margin of Rp. 5,000/Kg. Furthermore, the analysis of the price elasticity of transmission of the three channels obtained that the price elasticity of channel I is 30%, channel II is 34%, and channel III is 170%. channel III is said to be elastic because. This study aims to analyze channel pattern and tomato marketing margins, analyze efficiency for each tomato marketing channel, and analyze tomato price transmission. To determine the sample in this study, the writer using the methods of purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Purposive sampling used for sampling all tomato farmers, so that 25 tomato farmers were obtained. Snowball sampling is used to determine marketing institutions so that 17 marketing institutions are obtained consisting of 2 collectors, 3 wholesalers, and 12 retailers. The results of the study showed that there were 3 marketing channels for tomatoes in Sidamangura Village. Channel III has the highest Farner's Share value of 73% with a total margin of Rp.2.66/Kg, so it is indicated to have the best level of marketing efficiency compared to Channel I of 60% with a total margin of Rp. 4.417/Kg and Channel II of 58% with a total margin of Rp. 5,000/Kg. The elasticity of price transmission on channel I is 0.30, the elasticity of price transmission on channel II is 0.34, and the elasticity of price transmission on channel III is 0.7, the channel has elasticity < 1 or inelastic, meaning that in channel I, the price change is 1% at the retailer level will result in a 30% price change at the farmer level, channel II, which is a 1% price change at the retail level, will result in a 34% price change at the farmer level, and channel III, which is a 1% price change at the retailer level. price change of 70% at the farm level with a market shape leading to Monopsony

The role of fuel prices in spatial price transmission between horticultural markets: empirical analysis from a developing country

This article aims to analyze how fuel prices impact spatial price transmission between two Chilean horticultural wholesale markets. We implement a regime-dependent VECM where price transmission parameters depend on dynamics imposed by a stationary exogenous variable (fuel price). We identified two price transmission regimes characterized by different equilibrium relationships and short-run adjustment processes. This implies that fuel prices affect price transmission elasticities and intermarket adjustment speeds. Our results show increasing marketing costs as farm to market distance grows. This impact depends on each product’s attributes. Highlights This article analyzes the effect of fuel prices on the price transmission mechanism between the most relevant Chilean horticultural wholesale markets. A regime-dependent Vector Error Correction Model where price transmission parameters depend on fuel price was implemented. Clear evidence of the role played by fuel prices for in horizontal price transmission between the wholesale markets considered in this study was found. This situation supports the idea that regardless of quantities traded in regional markets, the major effect of price adjustment is a result of the high demand, distances and market concentration of a central market. This impact depends on each product’s attributes.

Efisiensi Saluran Pemasaran Bunga Pacar Air (Impatiens Balsamina L.) di Desa Dukuh Klopo Kecamatan Peterongan Kabupaten Jombang

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the marketing channel for water henna flowers. The marketing margin, the price received by the farmer or farmer's share, profit, and cost all contribute to the henna plant's marketing efficiency. The second purpose is to determine the price transmission elasticity. The study was conducted in the village of Dukuh Klopo, Peterongan District, Jombang Regency. The survey was place between February and April 2021 and included a total of 34 participants: 21 farmers, three collectors, and ten retailers. The survey method was employed for the investigation. Cost analysis, marketing margin and profit, marketing efficiency, and price transmission elasticity are all used in data analysis. In Dukuh Klopo Village, Peterongan District, Jombang Regency, there are two marketing channels for water henna flowers. The first channel comprises of farmers, retailers, and consumers. The second channel consists of farmers, collectors, retailers, and consumers. According to the findings of the research on the efficiency of the water henna flower marketing channel, the second marketing channel is the most efficient, with a value of 0.02 percent.

Transmission of global wheat prices to domestic markets in Kenya: A cointegration approach

This paper evaluates the extent to which changes in international wheat prices are transmitted to domestic markets in Kenya using an error correction model (ECM) that employs monthly producer price data for the period 2002 to 2020. Domestic wheat markets in Kenya were found to be strongly integrated while, international wheat markets were cointegrated with domestic prices at the port of Mombasa. The long-run elasticity of price transmission was estimated at 0.91, which implies that 91% of the changes in international wheat prices are transmitted to domestic markets in Kenya. The speed of adjustment was estimated at -0.069, which implies that it takes about 14 months for the changes in the international wheat price to be fully transmitted to the Kenyan domestic market. Wheat farmers in Kenya seem to be insulated from international price shocks given the long period of time it takes for domestic markets to adjust to international price changes. Even though not explicitly analysed, government border policies, market and infrastructure impediments seem to be underlying causes of the incomplete price pass-through, along with the low speeds of adjustments. Our analysis suggests that the main constraint to a complete pass-through is the existence of price-setting power at the producer level of the wheat market in Kenya. Investments in infrastructure development and the promotion of liberal trade policies can improve the transmission of international wheat price signals to domestic markets in Kenya.

Coal Fly Ash in Vietnam and its Application as a Lightweight Material

Each year in Vietnam, to operate the country's thermal power plants, it is necessary to utilize a large quantity of coal. The power plants then generate a large amount of coal fly ash (FA), which is a hazardous solid waste that can seriously affect the environment. There is an urgent need to develop appropriate solutions for treating or reusing the generated FA. In this study, the layout of coal-fired thermal power plants in Vietnam, as well as the country's coal use and FA emissions, are discussed. Research is reviewed on the potential applications of FA in Vietnam, along with related research from the past 20 y worldwide, and is found to demonstrate that the main application of FA is that of a geopolymer in construction, acting as a low-cost adsorbent that removes compounds, organic matter, emissions, metals, light aggregates, backfills, and auxiliary baselines, and synthesizes zeolites. On that basis, FA samples collected in the northern and southern regions of Vietnam were analyzed for their chemical compositions. The results determined that FA throughout Vietnam has the chemical composition, SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 over 70 wt%. This is FA of classification F, according to TCVN 10302: 2014 (2014) and ASTM C618. This study concludes that the fly ash originating in Vietnam is suited to the production of porous, super-light materials with a high technical value, such as aerogels or aerogel composites. Such materials as these possess special properties such as a low density, high specific surface area or porosity, low thermal conductivity, sound insulation, low dielectric constant, low optical refractive index, or a high optical transmission capacity, elasticity, durability, or flexibility. The application of Vietnamese FA in the production of materials such as these is recommended by this paper, as a means of countering the environmental pollution problem of coal-fired thermal power plants and promoting the development of advanced materials in Vietnam.

Semi-parametric models of spatial market integration

We develop fully flexible, semi-parametric models of price linkages in spatially distinct regional US markets for plywood and lumber products. The models are developed within the framework of generalized additive models (GAM) which are estimated using penalized maximum likelihood estimation methods and generalized cross-validation techniques. Such nonlinear models are a natural extension to an extensive literature that has developed increasingly flexible models of the Law of One Price and spatial market integration. The GAM estimates and marginal responses to price changes exhibit substantial nonlinearities. Dynamic impulse responses demonstrate significant asymmetries in price responses to exogenous shocks. The results are largely consistent with efficiently linked regional markets for lumber and plywood products in that price transmission elasticities are generally close to unity and localized market shocks evoke equilibrating adjustments in regional markets.

Impacts of agricultural price support policy on price variability and welfare: Evidence from China's soybean market

AbstractChina is a predominant soybean importer; thus, its domestic soybean policies have a large impact on world soybean market dynamics. We develop the first aggregate structural econometric model of China's soybean market and link it to the rest of the world (ROW), which allows us to analyze the impacts of China's soybean price support policy that ran from 2008 to 2013. We investigate the impacts of China's policy on the variability of their domestic and world soybean prices, and adopt a Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the effects on distributional and aggregate welfare. Our results indicate: (a) after China's soybean price support policy, price transmission elasticity decreases, China's domestic price variability decreases, and world price variability increases; (b) China's producer surplus increases, consumer surplus decreases and the net welfare change in their domestic market is negative; and (c) although soybean exporting countries in the ROW experience significant welfare gains, the world net welfare change is negative.

A STUDY OF LONG BEAN VEGETABLE MARKETING (Vigna Sinesis L) IN AMBULU DISTRICT, JEMBER REGENCY

Long bean vegetable farming in Ambulu Subdistrict, Jember Regency has a huge potential as indicated by the high demand for these vegetables. However, the price of long beans in Jember Regency at the retail level is too high and has implications for high marketing margins. The objectives of this study are: 1) To determine the performance pattern of long bean marketing channels formed, 2) Analyze the marketing value of long beans, and 3) Analyze the elasticity of long price transmission. The research method used is descriptive method with survey techniques and snowbolling sampling. To achieve the research objectives, each approach uses descriptive analysis, farmer's share (marketing efficiency), and price transmission elasticity. The results of the study revealed that 1) The pattern of long bean marketing channels formed by two channel patterns, namely the second and first level channels, 2) The first (second level) marketing channel pattern has a marketing margin of IDR 3,383 per kg, and the second marketing channel pattern (level one) has a marketing margin of IDR 1,500 per kg, and 3) The pattern of established marketing channels generally has a price transmission elasticity of Et = 1.17 and the shape of the lead market structure Oligopoly.

AN ANALYSIS OF MARKETING MARGIN AND ELASTICITY OF BELL PEPPER COMMODITY PRICE TRANSMISSION (A STUDY IN CANDIKUNING VILLAGE, BATURITI DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY)

The development of the agribusiness sector does not only focus on marketing but also on production. Tabanan is the leading producer of paprika in Bali. As a horticultural product, paprika has perishable nature, and its price is determined by the quality of the good. Besides, the marketing of horticultural commodities tends to involve many institutions which have an impact on prices in the market due to the distance between production sites and market locations. The purpose of this study were to analyze the marketing channels, market structure, and efficiency in marketing paprika in Candikuning, Baturiti, Tabanan Regency. The research method that been used was descriptive qualitative in marketing channels, price transmission elasticity, marketing margins, distribution of marketing margin, and farmer's share. The result showed that there are seven marketing channels in Candikuning. The market structure formed as imperfect competition market which is showed by the price transmission elasticity was 0.950 (Et <1). The marketing margin with the highest value was Rp 20,878.82/kg while the lowest was Rp 6,412.96/kg. The highest farmer share value was 87.76% while the lowest was 66.92%

Analisis Pemasaran Komoditas Cabai Rawit Merah di Desa Brajan, Kecamatan Prambanan, Kabupaten Klaten

Klaten District is one of the producers of red cayenne pepper in Indonesia. Brajan Village is one of the villages in Prambanan District that produces red cayenne pepper. Brajan Village has a strategic location, which is near the border of Central Java province, so it has a very diverse marketing channel for red cayenne pepper. The number of marketing channels affects the price at the consumer level which affects the marketing margin. This research aims are: to analyze the comparison of member farms with non member farmer groups of red cayenne pepper, to analyze the channels and functions of the red cayenne pepper marketing, and to analyze the efficiency of the red cayenne pepper market in Brajan Village, Prambanan Sub-District, Klaten District. The analysis methods used are income analysis, R/C ratio analysis, analysis of channel and function marketing, marketing margin analysis, farmer's share analysis, B/C ratio analysis, and analysis of price transmission elasticity. The results showed that the income of red cayenne pepper farming at the cash cost of member farmers and non-member farmer groups are profitable. Income on total costs to member farmers is profitable, while non member farmers are losses. There are 12 marketing channels for red cayenne pepper in Brajan Village, and the marketing channels in the form of farmers to sub district collectors to retail traders to final consumers are the most efficient marketing channels.
 Keywords: B/C ratio, farmer's share, marketing channel, marketing margin, price transmission elasticity

Analisis Pemasaran Komoditas Cabai Rawit Merah di Desa Brajan, Kecamatan Prambanan, Kabupaten Klaten

Klaten District is one of the producers of red cayenne pepper in Indonesia. Brajan Village is one of the villages in Prambanan District that produces red cayenne pepper. Brajan Village has a strategic location, which is near the border of Central Java province, so it has a very diverse marketing channel for red cayenne pepper. The number of marketing channels affects the price at the consumer level which affects the marketing margin. This research aims are: to analyze the comparison of member farms with non member farmer groups of red cayenne pepper, to analyze the channels and functions of the red cayenne pepper marketing, and to analyze the efficiency of the red cayenne pepper market in Brajan Village, Prambanan Sub-District, Klaten District. The analysis methods used are income analysis, R/C ratio analysis, analysis of channel and function marketing, marketing margin analysis, farmer's share analysis, B/C ratio analysis, and analysis of price transmission elasticity. The results showed that the income of red cayenne pepper farming at the cash cost of member farmers and non-member farmer groups are profitable. Income on total costs to member farmers is profitable, while non member farmers are losses. There are 12 marketing channels for red cayenne pepper in Brajan Village, and the marketing channels in the form of farmers to sub district collectors to retail traders to final consumers are the most efficient marketing channels. Keywords: B/C ratio, farmer's share, marketing channel, marketing margin, price transmission elasticity