Transmission System Devices Research Articles

Fast Photostriction in Ferroelectrics.

Light-induced nonthermal strain, known as the photostrictive effect, offers a potential way to excite mechanical strain and acoustic wave remotely. The anisotropic photostrictive effect induced by the combination of bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) and converse piezoelectric effect in ferroelectric materials is known as too small and slow for the applications requiring a high strain rate, such as ultrasound generation and high-speed signal transmission. Here, a strategy to achieve high rate dynamic photostrictive strain by utilizing local fast responses under modulating continuous light excitation in the resonance condition is reported. A strain rate of 8.06 × 10-3 s-1 is demonstrated under continuous light excitation, which is at least one order of magnitude higher than previous studies on bulk samples as seen in the literature. The significant photostrictive response exists even in depoled ferroelectric material without overall polarization. The theoretical analyses show that fast ferroelectric photostriction can be obtained through the combinational interaction mechanism of local BPVE and local converse piezoelectric effect existing only in the microscopic scale, thus circumventing the slow and low efficient BPVE charging up process across the macroscopic electrical terminals. The achieved fast photostriction and new understandings will open new opportunities to realize future wireless signal transmission and light-acoustic devices.

Optimal Setting of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator with Brain Storm Optimization Algorithms for Available Transfer Capability Enhancement

Applications of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices for enhancement of Available Transfer Capability (ATC) is gaining attention due to economic and technical limits of the conventional methods involving physical network expansions. FACTS allocation which is sine-qua-non to its performance is a major problem and it is being addressed in recent time with heuristic algorithms. Brain Storm Optimization Algorithms (BSOA) is a new heuristic and predicting optimization algorithms which revolutionizes human brainstorming process. BSOA is engaged for the optimum setting of FACTS devices for enhancement of ATC of a deregulated electrical power system network in this study. ATC enhancement, bus voltage deviation minimization and real power loss regulation are formulated into multi-objective problems for FACTS allocation purposes. Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is considered for simulation and analyses because of its fitness for active power control among other usefulness. ATC values are obtained for both normal and N-1-line outage contingency cases and these values are enhanced for different bilateral and multilateral power transactions. IEEE 30 Bus system is used for demonstration of the effectiveness of this approach in a Matlab software environment. Obtained enhanced ATC values for different transactions during normal evaluation cases are then compared with enhanced ATC values obtained with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) set TCSC technique under same trading. BSO behaved much like PSO throughout the achievements of other set objectives but performed better in ATC enhancement with 27.12 MW and 5.24 MW increase above enhanced ATC values achieved by the latter. The comparative of set objectives values relative to that obtained with PSO methods depict suitability and advantages of BSOA technique.

Impact of energy storage and flexible alternating current transmission devices in combined voltage and frequency regulation of multiarea multisource interconnected power system

AbstractThis article emphasizes the impact of coordinated energy storage (ES) and flexible alternating current transmission (FACTS) devices in the combined voltage and frequency control of multi‐area systems having hydro, thermal, geothermal, and solar thermal power plants. Appropriate realistic constraints are equipped with both hydro and thermal units. A novel fuzzy logic controller‐based cascade PI and PID with filter coefficient (N), FCPI‐PIDN controller is proposed and optimized various controller parameters using artificial flora algorithm. Comparative analysis of FCPI‐PIDN, Cascade PI and PIDN (CPI‐PIDN), and PIDN controllers show the superiority of the FCPI‐PIDN controller to others. Integration of ES devices (ESDs), such as redox flow battery (RFB), capacitive energy storage (CES), and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) indicates that the incorporation of ESDs enhance the system performance and RFB is superior to SMES and CES. Moreover, integration of FACTS devices, such as interline power flow controller (IPFC), thyristor control series capacitor (TCSC), and unified power flow controller (UPFC) indicates the incorporation of FACTS devices improve the system dynamic and coordination of IPFC‐RFB provide better response than TCSC‐RFB and UPFC‐RFB. Investigation reveals that the optimal location of RFB is Area 1 and IPFC is in between Areas 1 and 3. Sensitivity analysis validated the robustness of the FCPI‐PIDN controller.

A Flexible Microfluidic Chip-Based Universal Fully Integrated Nanoelectronic System with Point-of-Care Raw Sweat, Tears, or Saliva Glucose Monitoring for Potential Noninvasive Glucose Management.

By combining the distinctive noninvasive feature with the peculiar complete functional implementation trait, fully integrated raw noninvasive biofluid glucose biosensors offer active and remote glucose monitoring while posing minimal harm or infection risks compared to the traditional invasive manner. However, each previously reported fully integrated raw noninvasive biofluid glucose biosensor is solely focused on single-type raw noninvasive biofluid analysis. Given the diversity and complexity of subjects' physical conditions, single-type raw noninvasive biofluids are inappropriate to all crowds (e.g., sweat collection/analysis could be inapplicable for dermatopathic subjects). Here, we demonstrate the first example of a universal fully integrated nanoelectronic system with the unique capability to point-of-care and universally monitor diverse raw noninvasive biofluid (i.e., sweat, tears, and saliva) glucose by combining a flexible and disposable microfluidic enzymatic biosensor (named iezSlice) for raw biofluid pump-free sampling and measurement with a customized, handheld, and reusable wireless electronic device (named iezBar) for electrical signal transduction, conditioning, processing, and wireless transmission. We employed the specially designed high-concentration-buffer powder-loaded Kimwipes (HBP-KWs) as the microfluidic channel (microchannel) of iezSlice, guaranteeing a high-accuracy glucose analysis in various raw noninvasive biofluids. We also evaluated the potential utility of the universal fully integrated nanoelectronic system for noninvasive glucose management in healthy and diabetic subjects with the assistance of the proposed volatility-derived blood glucose concentration-free protocol. Although we focus on raw noninvasive biofluid glucose analysis in this work, the universal fully integrated nanoelectronic system may readily realize accurate monitoring of various biomolecules in raw noninvasive biofluids by introducing corresponding bioreceptors.

Achromatic doublet electrowetting prism array for beam steering device in foveated display.

A foveated display is a technology that can solve the problem of insufficient angular resolution (relative to the human eye) for near-eye display. In a high-resolution foveated display, a beam steering element is required to track the human gaze. An electrowetting prism array is a transmissive non-mechanical beam steering device, that allows a light and compact optical system to be configured and a large aperture possible. However, the view is obstructed by the sidewall of the prism array. When the size of the cell prism is 7mm, the prism array has an 87% fill-factor. To push the fill-factor to 100%, the cell prisms were magnified using a lens array. Image processing was performed such that the image produced by the lens array was identical to the original. Beam steering by refraction is accompanied by chromatic dispersion, which causes chromatic aberration, making colors appear blurry. The refractive index condition to reduce chromatic dispersion was obtained using the doublet structure of the electrowetting prism. The chromatic dispersion was reduced by 70% on average.

RATIONAL STRATEGIES FOR CONTROLLING SWITCHING DEVICES IN GEARBOX TRANSMISSION

The general principles and strategies to control the work of switching devices in a step transmission of the car are considered. It is assumed that the synchronization of the rotation of the transmission elements during the change of gears is carried out with the active participation of the engine, without interrupting the flow of energy to the wheel engines and with accurate reproduction of an arbitrary program of car movement. For clarity, the study of control algorithms of the "engine - transmission" system is based on the analysis of the effectiveness of possible modes of clutches operation. However, in reality, it is a completely abstract process and it does not make sense to associate it with a specific technical embodiment. The measure of process efficiency is governed by energy consumption. It is taken into account that: 1) the process of shifting determines the modes of engine operation which is actively involved in the implementation of the shift, and this affects fuel consumption; 2) gear shifting and concomitant synchronization of rotational movements are always associated with the dissipation of energy in the form of heat.It was found that it is possible to objectively assess the effectiveness of the control of gear shifting processes if we consider them through the prism of optimal control of the overall system "engine - transmission". But it is easy to understand that the Zeroshift concept is by all indications the embodiment of a kind of "technical" compromise as opposed to various formal compromises. In this case, the process of actual gear change is reduced to almost an instantaneous act of gear change, which will significantly affect the principles of the general theory of "engine - transmission" system optimal control: the synthesis of control laws will be reduced to the construction of shift maps, but this will exacerbate the problem of so-called looping.

Design and teaching feedback of switching steering transmission device in production line

The transmission device is composed of rotary motion mechanism and vertical motion mechanism. The rotary motion mechanism is composed of synchronous belt transmission planetary gear train composed of synchronous belt transmission and upper and lower connecting arms to ensure that the product rotates 90° counterclockwise and 90°clockwise; The vertical motion mechanism is composed of cylinder, ball and spline transmission technology. The transmission device is flexibly implanted into the curriculum with the carrier of new technology and new process, which feeds back the teaching, and takes the curriculum thought and politics as the guide to implement the teaching.

Recent Advancement of Wearable Reconfigurable Antenna Technologies: A Review

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) technology is gaining popularity in personal communication due to the expanding improvement in wireless technology. Wearable antennas are utilized in various WBAN applications including personal healthcare, entertainment, military, and many more due to their attractive characteristics and the potential for integrating lightweight, compact, low-cost, and adaptable wireless communications. A wearable reconfigurable antenna will allow a single antenna to operate at multiple resonant frequencies, radiation, polarization or hybrid between them, by using single or multiple active switching devices for signal transmission and reception in different parts of human body, rather than using multiple antennas. Over the years, several review papers were reported on wearable antennas which discussed the requirements and issues of wearable antennas in terms of their design, fabrication, and measurement. Nowadays, WBAN technology employs a single wearable reconfigurable antenna to perform multiple functions in different parts of human body. Recently, a significant amount of work has been carried out in the area of wearable reconfigurable antennas for WBAN applications. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the requirements and analysis needed for wearable reconfigurable antennas such as Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for on-body analysis, investigation of the antennas in bending conditions, reconfigurable techniques and reconfigurable performance metrics.

Evaluation methodologies of damage related issues for heat exchangers in the thermal storage energy system

Thermal oil is used as a heat transfer fluid in many thermal solar power systems, while molten salts are used to store thermal energy. The oil absorbs solar energy and transports it to a water-steam cycle via heat exchangers, where it is transformed into electric energy via a turbo-generator or stored in a thermal energy storage device for subsequent transmission to the water-steam cycle. The complexity of these thermal solar plants is rather significant, as they mix conventional engineering used in power stations (water-steam cycle) or petrochemical (oil pipeline) with modern solar (parabolic trough collector) and heat storage (molten salts) technology. This paper focuses on modelling in heat exchanger tubes in molten salt energy storage systems, and it offers a comprehensive model of the process. By developing such a model, the groundwork for future study into heat exchangers model failure analysis is established.

Legal regulation of the use of information and communication technologies in the activities of public authorities

The article examines the issues of legal regulation of the use of information and communication technologies in the activities of public authorities. The relevance of the topic is due to the universal digitalization of public relations, including the activities of public authorities. The widespread informatization of various spheres of society, their economic activities, the development and introduction of modern data transmission devices, the expansion of computer networks led to a sharp increase in the volume of processed information, and modern society began to be called informational. The process of informatization of society is gradually taking place. Various information and communication technologies are also actively used in the field of public administration in Russia. The processes of informatization and information support are increasingly active in the digital economy of Russia. Technologies and their application are turning from a specialized professional field into a key issue in the sphere of public administration. In the general understanding, information and communication technologies are a process that includes a set of tools and methods for the implementation of operations for the collection, registration, accumulation, processing and transmission of information based on hardware and for the purpose of solving management tasks. The author formulates the conclusion that information and communication technologies are increasingly being used in the activities of public authorities. Informatization of the activities of public authorities in the Russian Federation is an indispensable and important stage in the formation of the information society, as well as the leading direction of reforming the entire system of public administration.

Моделирование движений шахтной подъемной установки с асинхронным электроприводом

Рассмотрена задача создания компьютерной модели (цифрового двойника) шахтной подъемной установки (ШПУ) для одноконцевого подъема с укрупненными основными компонентами: асинхронный электродвигатель с фазным ротором, редуктор, подъемный канат. Синтезируются математические модели каждой компоненты, применимые для динамических режимов работы систем с запаздыванием. Сформулирована задача управления электродвигателем по цепи ротора для выполнения им основной технологической операции (реализация тахограммы подъема (диаграммы скорости)) с одновременным управлением динамическим состоянием электромеханической системы ШПУ. Отмечены особенности построения моделей компонентов ШПУ, которые приводят к необходимости отказа от использования приведенных расчетных схем механических передаточных устройств (редукторов) при математическом рассмотрении процессов пуска (торможения) ШПУ и необходимости рассмотрения подъемного стального каната ШПУ как объекта с распределенными параметрами. Приведены результаты моделирования режима ШПУ для режима выборки напуска каната.

Optimization of mechanized soil covering path based on the agronomic mode of full-film double-ditch with double-width filming

In order to further improve the working performance and efficiency of mechanized tillage operation of a full-film double-ditch seedbed, under the working conditions of different parameters of the spiral push-type soil covering device with double-width filming, the dynamic soil covering characteristics and soil covering uniformity of the device were analyzed, the collaborative and interactive coupling mechanism of the horizontal pushing process of the mulching soil and horizontally two-way spiral soil transmission device were revealed, and the main reasons for the influence of different soil covering belts on the change of soil particle number distribution were analyzed. Based on the full-film double-ditch mode with double-width filming, the mechanized soil covering path was optimized. In order to further reduce the disturbance on mulching soil by two-way spiral pushing, a kind of parallel shunt type soil covering device with double-width filming was designed, then a discrete element method was adopted to make simulation analysis and optimize the parallel shunt type soil covering device with double-width filming. Field verification tests showed that after the operation of the full-film double-ditch combined machine with double-width filming and soil covering installed with the parallel shunt type soil covering device, the qualified rate of the film edge soil covering width was 96.1%, an increase of 1.6% compared to that before optimization; the qualified rate of soil covering width at the center of the big ridge was 93.5%, an increase of 1.9% compared to that before optimization; the qualified rate of the soil covering thickness was 97.7%, an increase of 0.2% compared to that before optimization. The test indicators reached the requirements of relevant national and industrial standards, showing that the test results met the design requirements, and the working conditions of verification tests were consistent with the simulation results. Keywords: full-film double-ditch, double-width filming, soil covering, soil covering path optimization, soil covering device DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20221501.6853 Citation: Dai F, Guo W J, Song X F, Zhang Y, Shi R J, Wang F, Zhao W Y. Optimization of mechanized soil covering path based on the agronomic mode of full-film double-ditch with double-width filming. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2022; 15(1): 139–146.

Indirect adaptive speed control for a two-stroke engine-CVT-dynamometer

The continuously variable transmission (CVT) is a power transmission device composed of two pulleys and a belt, it requires a specific test bench to study its vibro-acoustic behavior by applying speed ramps. Initially, a nonlinear model of the test bench is developed to analyze its open-loop dynamic behavior. This analysis shows that the control challenge is due to the straight connection between the CVT and a two-stroke engine with its disturbing effects caused by the automatic exhaust valves under some specific conditions. An indirect adaptive controller is proposed to provide smooth and repeatable speed ramps to achieve vibro-acoustic measurements. The experimental results show a comparative analysis of different types of controllers. The proposed adaptive controller is successfully implemented in two different test benches and shown its ability to accurately control the two-stroke engine-CVT-dynamometer.

Development of a power transmission device for bicycles and verification of its effectiveness using musculoskeletal model

Development of a power transmission device for bicycles and verification of its effectiveness using musculoskeletal model

Electric transmission for hybrid vehicle

A technical solution is proposed for the electrical transmission of the torque of the internal combustion engine to the wheels (propeller) of a hybrid vehicle to set it in motion. The purpose of the technical solution is to reduce energy losses in the electrical power transmission device and reduce the cost of its implementation. The expected economic effect in the implementation of the proposed technical solution consists of a reduction in power losses during electric power transmission up to 10% of the engine power, and the cost of its implementation will reduce the cost of the vehicle by up to € 2 000. The proposed device is technically feasible using commercially available devices and can be used in the automotive industry, while being able to recoup the costs of implementation, that is, it meets the criterion “industrially applicable”.

Modelling of elastoplastic, multi-scale and multi-contact problems: application to worm gears

A nonconventional application of worm gears exploits the irreversibility of these power transmission devices in order to realize fast emergency braking. This application can be used to secure lifting devices. A limiting factor in the design of these instantaneous braking systems is the residual deformations of the worm/wheel contacting teeth, due to the impact between them at each emergency stop. The prediction of these residual displacements requires solving of an elastic–plastic, multi-scale and multi-contact problem. Original numerical tools were developed in this study to solve the problem at global and local scales. The method has been validated by comparing the obtained results with 3D measurements on new and deformed worm/wheel pairs. In order to predict the issue of the worm gear after an impact, a criterion based on kinematic errors is proposed. Applying this criterion gives the maximal admissible torque for the braking system to be operational after the impact.

전력설비 특허 동향 분석 및 부상기술 동향에 대한 고찰

The electric power facility industry were started with all transmission and distribution devices, from power plants that produce electricity to consumers who use electricity. Major domestic power companies are concentrating on decarbonization, decentralization, digitalization, deregulation, and energy democratization as the policy direction to implement the decarbonization strategy. Although it seems a bit complicated, the reality is that the strategy of increasing the proportion of new and renewable power generation through the expansion of new and renewable business is the main issue. Therefore, as the main DC power source of renewable energy sources is connected to the transmission and distribution system, it is expected that the investment related to the safe system operation and DC facility will continue to increase. In this regard, the renewable and DC-related power facility industry is also expected to grow together. In this paper, based on patent information, the recent patent trends in the electric power facility field of IP5 countries in the United States, Europe, Japan, China, and Korea were analyzed quantitative and qualitative, respectively. The emerging technology trends were analyzed through activity and technology index analysis.

Optical Properties of Asymmetric Transmission Devices for One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals

In this paper, we researched the optical properties of asymmetric transmission devices for one-dimensional functions photonic crystals. The refractive indices of media A and B are not constant, it is the functions of space coordinate. By calculated the transmissivity and electric field distribution of asymmetric transmission devices, we found that when the forward incident light can transmit the function photonic crystals, but the backward incident light did not transmit through it, the function photonic crystals can be made into asymmetric transmission devices. Such as optical diodes or optical triode, etc.

Adaptive control strategy of solid state transformer with fast dynamic response and enhanced balance performance

Solid state transformer (SST) is designed as a power transmission device between AC grids and DC grids. However, the power fluctuation causes unbalanced power sharing among dual active bridge (DAB) converters and large voltage fluctuations on dc buses. Here, an adaptive virtual impedance control (AVIC) strategy is proposed to improve the balance performance of SST. Adaptive virtual impedance controller gets the same dynamic response for DAB converters, which matches dynamic impedance of DAB converters. Thereby the power balance can be achieved even the load changes. Meanwhile, an adaptive feedforward control scheme is proposed to reduce the influence of load fluctuation on DC bus voltage. The adaptive feedforward scheme also considers the parameter mismatch, thereby the balance of SST will not be destroyed. Moreover, the balanced power sharing achieved by adaptive controller eliminates the difference between actual transmission power and compensation power in each rectifier, which further suppresses the intermediate capacitor voltage fluctuations. Finally, simulation and StarSim experimental results verified the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Large Gap Two-Dimensional Topological Insulators with the Significant Rashba Effect in Ethynyl and Methyl Functionalized PbSn Monolayers.

Two-dimensional (2D) topological insulators (TIs) have recently attracted a great deal of attention due to their nondissipation electron transmission, stable performance, and easy device integration. However, a primary obstacle to influencing 2D TIs is the small bandgap, which limits their room-temperature applications. Here, we adopted first-principles to predict inversion-asymmetric group IV monolayers, PbSn(C2H)2 and PbSn(CH3)2, to be quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulators with large topological gaps of 0.586 and 0.481 eV, respectively. The nontrivial band topologies, which can survive in a wide range of strain, are characterized by topological invariants Z2, gapless edge states, and the Berry curvature. Another intriguing characteristic is the significant Rashba SOC effect which can also be tuned by feasible compressive and tensile strains. Meanwhile, the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) provides a suitable substrate for growth of these films without influencing their topological phases. These novel materials are expected to accelerate the development of advanced quantum devices.