Transmission Control Mechanism Research Articles

Sex-structured disease transmission model and control mechanisms for visceral leishmaniasis (VL).

Leishmaniasis are a group of diseases caused by more than 20 species of the protozoan that are transmitted through the bite of female sand fly. The disease is endemic to 98 countries of the world. It affects most commonly the poorest of the poor and mainly males. Several research has been conducted to propose disease control strategies. Effective medical care, vector control, environmental hygiene, and personal protection are the mainstays of the current preventative and control methods. The mathematical models for the transmission dynamics of the disease studied so far did not consider the sex-biased burden of the disease into consideration. Unlike the previous VL works, this study introduces a new deterministic sex-structured model for understanding the transmission dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis. Basic properties of the model including basic reproduction number ([Formula: see text]), and conditions for the existence of backward bifurcation of the model are explored. Baseline parameter values were estimated after the model was fitted to Ethiopia's VL data. Sensitivity analysis of the model was performed to identify the parameters that significantly impact the disease threshold. Numerical simulations were performed using baseline parameter values, and scenario analysis is performed by changing some of these parameters as appropriate. The analysis of the model shows that there is a possibility for a backward bifurcation for [Formula: see text], which means bringing [Formula: see text] to less than unity may not be enough to eradicate the disease. Our numerical result shows that the implementation of disease-preventive strategies, as well as effectively treating the affected ones can significantly reduce the disease prevalence if applied for more proportion of the male population. Furthermore, the implementation of vector management strategies also can considerably reduce the total prevalence of the disease. However, it is demonstrated that putting more effort in treating affected reservoir animals may not have any significant effect on the overall prevalence of the disease as compared to other possible mechanisms. The numerical simulation infers that a maximum of 60% of extra preventative measures targeted to only male population considerably reduces the total prevalence of VL by 80%. It is also possible to decrease the total prevalence of VL by 69.51% when up to 50% additional infected males receive treatment with full efficacy. Moreover, applying a maximum of 15% additional effort to reduce the number of vectors, decreases the total VL prevalence by 57.71%. Therefore, in order to reduce the disease burden of visceral leishmaniasis, public health officials and concerned stakeholders need to give more emphasis to the proportion of male humans in their intervention strategies.

A Caputo fractional derivative dynamic model of hepatitis E with optimal control based on particle swarm optimization

Hepatitis E, as a zoonotic disease, has been a great challenge to global public health. Therefore, it has important research value and practical significance for the transmission and control of hepatitis E virus (HEV). In the exploration of infectious disease transmission dynamics and optimal control, mathematical models are often applied. Among them, the fractional differential model has become an important and practical tool because of its good memory and genetic characteristics. In this paper, an HEV propagation dynamic model is constructed by the Caputo fractional derivative. First, the properties of the model are analyzed, including the existence, non-negativity, boundedness, and stability of the equilibrium points. Then, from the perspective of fractional optimal control (FOC), control measures were proposed, including improving the awareness and prevention of hepatitis E among susceptible people, strengthening the treatment of infected people, and improving environmental hygiene. Then, an FOC model of HEV was constructed. After analyzing the necessary conditions for optimality, the particle swarm optimization is introduced to optimize the control function. In addition, four control strategies are applied. Finally, the numerical simulation is completed by the fractional Adams–Bashforth–Moulton prediction correction algorithm. The four strategies and no control were compared and analyzed. The numerical simulation results of different fractional orders are also compared and analyzed. The results illustrate that the optimal strategy, compared with no control, reduces the HEV control time by nearly 60 days. Therefore, this method would contribute to the study of HEV transmission dynamics and control mechanisms, thus contributing to the development of global public health.

An Efficient Technique for Secure Message Broadcasting

In contemporary cryptographic discourse, traditional broadcast encryption (BE) schemes have emerged as a robust method for secure broadcasting to specific subsets of members within a group. However, these schemes typically necessitate the involvement of a trusted entity for the distribution of decryption keys, which introduces vulnerabilities. Conversely, group key agreement (GKA) protocols offer a means of negotiating a shared encryption key among a group of members across open networks, thereby ensuring that only authorized group members possess the capability to decrypt ciphertexts encrypted under this key. Nonetheless, GKA protocols lack the flexibility to allow senders to selectively exclude specific members from decrypting ciphertexts. In response to this dichotomy, we present a pioneering hybrid cryptographic primitive termed Contributory Broadcast Encryption (ConBE), which ingeniously amalgamates the strengths of both BE and GKA paradigms. In this innovative approach, a cohesive group of members collaboratively negotiates a shared public encryption key, with each member possessing an associated decryption key. This setup empowers senders, upon accessing the public group encryption key, to exercise granular control over decryption, selectively restricting access to a subset of designated recipients. Expounding upon this foundational framework, we introduce a ConBE scheme distinguished by succinct ciphertexts, thus optimizing computational efficiency without compromising on security guarantees. Through rigorous analysis, our scheme is proven to be fully collusion-resistant under the decision n- Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Exponentiation (BDHE) assumption, thereby ensuring robust security within the standard cryptographic model. Furthermore, in a complementary contribution, we unveil a novel BE scheme endowed with aggregatable properties, which hold paramount significance in the construction of advanced cryptographic protocols. These properties facilitate the aggregation of decryption rights across multiple ciphertexts, thereby enhancing scalability and versatility in cryptographic applications. Our comprehensive exploration and formalization of ConBE, alongside the development of efficient cryptographic schemes, represent a significant stride forward in the realm of secure data transmission and access control mechanisms. This endeavor underscores our commitment to advancing cryptographic methodologies that reconcile security, efficiency, and flexibility in contemporary distributed computing environments

Towards a transmission control mechanism for data centres based on flow deadline and size over software defined networking

Towards a transmission control mechanism for data centres based on flow deadline and size over software defined networking

Towards a transmission control mechanism for data centers based on flow deadline and size over Software Defined Networking

Towards a transmission control mechanism for data centers based on flow deadline and size over Software Defined Networking

Application of Information Transmission Control Strategy Based on Incremental Community Division in IoT Platform

Nowadays, there are usually a huge number of sensors in most of the Internet of Things. In this case, if a large number of nodes in the network transmit information at the same time, the chaotic information transmission control mechanism will seriously reduce the transmission efficiency. Therefore, it has always been a key issue to develop a good transmission control mechanism. In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposes a community representation model based on the neighborhood follow relationship. The community depicted by this model is composed of nodes with different roles and the relationships between nodes. By discovering the direct or indirect following relationship between nodes, a group of nodes that follow the same node can be classified as a community. Furthermore, for the evolution of nodes in the network, an incremental neighborhood following algorithm is proposed. It only needs to update the neighborhood follow relationship of related nodes that have changed in the Internet of Things to realize the community structure division in the dynamic network. In this way, closely connected nodes can be divided into the same community. Then through the community to select relay nodes for hierarchical propagation can greatly enhance the efficiency of information transmission in the Internet of Things. Finally, through a comparative experiment with other classic algorithms. We can see that this method has excellent performance in reducing energy consumption and improving information transmission efficiency.

An Effective Transmission Scheme Based on Early Congestion Detection for Information-Centric Network

As one of the candidates for future network architecture, Information-Centric Networking (ICN) has revolutionized the manner of content retrieval by transforming the communication mode from host-centric to information-centric. Unlike a traditional TCP/IP network, ICN uses a location-independent name to identify content and takes a receiver-driven model to retrieve the content. Moreover, ICN routers not only perform a forwarding function but also act as content providers due to pervasive in-network caching. The network traffic is more complicated and routers are more prone to congestion. These distinguished characteristics pose new challenges to ICN transmission control mechanism. In this paper, we propose an effective transmission scheme by combining the receiver-driven transport protocol and the router-driven congestion detection mechanism. We first outline the process of content retrieval and transmission in an IP-compatible ICN architecture and propose a practical receiver-driven transport protocol. Then, we present an early congestion detection mechanism applied on ICN routers based on an improved Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithm and design a receiver-driven congestion control algorithm. Finally, experiment results show that the proposed transmission scheme can maintain high bandwidth utilization and significantly reduce transmission delay and packet loss rate.

COVID-19 Epidemic, Early Prevention and Control Actions around the World and Effect Evaluation: An Empirical Study Based on the Perspective of External Prevention and Internal Control

At the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic outbroke. While decisively taking measures such as cutting off the channels of transmission and joint prevention and control mechanism, the Chinese government achieved important achievements in the national battle against the epidemic. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 epidemic continues to spread in other countries such as Europe and the United States, which exposes the loopholes in epidemic prevention and control in some countries. Especially, what kind of external prevention measures did those governments take in the early stages of the epidemic? Were these external prevention measures effective? Were the internal control measures taken by some governments appropriate? Moreover, was strict external prevention and lax internal control the reason for the worsening of the epidemic situation in many countries? These questions need to be answered urgently.This paper summarizes external prevention and internal control measures taken by countries in the early stages of the epidemic. Furthermore, we evaluate the effect of external prevention, and compare internal control measures around the world. Empirical results show that from the perspective of external prevention, many countries immediately implemented a variety of entry restriction policies to respond to the COVID-19 epidemic. From the perspective of internal control, we construct an indicator reflecting the strictness of internal control based on the Google search index, which shows that the internal control measures in the early stage of the epidemic were quite different worldwide. Compared with countries taking lax external prevention measures, internal control measures were relatively lax for countries taking strict external prevention measures. Specifically, for countries taking strict external prevention measures, the government and people not only paid little attention to the COVID-19 epidemic, but also took insufficient measures and efforts to keep social distancing. These empirical evidences reveal that at the beginning of the epidemic, the government and people did not pay enough attention to the epidemic, and hoped to keep the virus out of the country through the entry restriction policy, but the internal control is weak. Precious time won by China’s active fight against the epidemic has not been utilized by those countries, which led to the worsening of the epidemic situation.This paper is helpful to understand the cause of the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic worldwide, and it has clear policy implications to further optimize epidemic prevention and control. First, it is necessary to establish a coordination and communication mechanism based on cooperation and strengthen domestic epidemic control. Second, identifying the virus’s origin is a serious scientific issue. It is up to scientists to research and draw evidence-based conclusions, and we should adhere to scientific principles and avoid politicizing it.

Transmission Dynamics and Control Mechanisms of Vector-Borne Diseases with Active and Passive Movements Between Urban and Satellite Cities.

A metapopulation model which explicitly integrates vector-borne and sexual transmission of an epidemic disease with passive and active movements between an urban city and a satellite city is formulated and analysed. The basic reproduction number of the disease is explicitly determined as a combination of sexual and vector-borne transmission parameters. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the disease is primarily transmitted via the vector-borne mode, rather than via sexual transmission, and that sexual transmission by itself may not initiate or sustain an outbreak. Also, increasing the population movements from one city to the other leads to an increase in the basic reproduction number of the later city but a decrease in the basic reproduction number of the former city. The influence of other significant parameters is also investigated via the analysis of suitable partial rank correlation coefficients. After gauging the effects of mobility, we explore the potential effects of optimal control strategies relying upon several distinct restrictions on population movement.

A real-time multimedia streaming transmission control mechanism based on edge cloud computing and opportunistic approximation optimization

We address the problem of real-time transmission of multimedia streams in distributed heterogeneous networks. The effect of this problem directly affects the execution efficiency, real-time and rel...

A Privacy Preservation Secure Cross Layer Protocol Design for IoT Based Wireless Body Area Networks Using ECDSA Framework.

Internet of Things (IoT) provides the collection of devices in different applications in which Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is placed an crucial role. The WBAN is a wireless sensor network consisting of sensor nodes that is collected from IoT which is implanted in the human body to remotely monitor the patient's physiological signals without affecting their routine work. During emergency situations or life-threatening situations there is a need for a better performance to deliver the actual data with an efficient transmission and there is still a challenge in efficient remote monitoring. So, in this paper an application for cross layer protocol design architecture of Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) has been proposed. It replaces the protocol architecture of WBAN (IEEE 802.15.6), WMAN (IEEE 802.16), and 3G, WLAN (IEEE 802.11) or wired networks. The lightweight secure system provides secure data transmission and access control mechanisms by using ECDA-based proxy signature algorithm. The efficiency of the system is implemented using simulation models that were developed using NS-2, and the results obtained shows an optimum solution in terms of delay, PDR, throughput, jitter, packet transmission time, dropping ratio and packet delivery. The viability of the methodology proposed is illustrated by the response.

MTSW-SSTF: a wireless multimedia transmission scheme based on self-separation of time-frequency mode for shallow water

The random obstacles in the shallow sea environment, the irregular underwater pavement and the high quality requirements of multimedia transmission make the multimedia applications of shallow sea face the problems of high bit error rate, low transmission rate and low video quality. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a multimedia transmission mechanism and its architecture for wireless communication in shallow water based on time-frequency mode autonomous separation. Firstly, based on the complex and changeable seabed structure, the underwater biota movement track and the dynamic topology of end to end communication, a shallow sea wireless multimedia transmission system is constructed. Secondly, based on the performance of multimedia streaming in the time domain and frequency domain, a real-time multimedia transmission control mechanism for the time frequency separation of autonomous controlled multimedia signals from FS and TS is proposed. Finally, the simulation experiment and the field test results of shallow sea show that the proposed algorithm has superior performance in transmission rate, transmission efficiency, delivery rate and real-time performance.

QoE collaborative evaluation method based on fuzzy clustering heuristic algorithm.

At present, to realize or improve the quality of experience (QoE) is a major goal for network media transmission service, and QoE evaluation is the basis for adjusting the transmission control mechanism. Therefore, a kind of QoE collaborative evaluation method based on fuzzy clustering heuristic algorithm is proposed in this paper, which is concentrated on service score calculation at the server side. The server side collects network transmission quality of service (QoS) parameter, node location data, and user expectation value from client feedback information. Then it manages the historical data in database through the “big data” process mode, and predicts user score according to heuristic rules. On this basis, it completes fuzzy clustering analysis, and generates service QoE score and management message, which will be finally fed back to clients. Besides, this paper mainly discussed service evaluation generative rules, heuristic evaluation rules and fuzzy clustering analysis methods, and presents service-based QoE evaluation processes. The simulation experiments have verified the effectiveness of QoE collaborative evaluation method based on fuzzy clustering heuristic rules.

Investigations optimum scheduling and TCP mechanism of hybrid topology sensor network in building SHM

Abstract Sensor technology has opened up numerous opportunities to advanced health and maintenance monitoring of civil infrastructure such as large buildings. Compare to traditional tactics, it offers a better way of providing relevant information regarding the condition of building structure at a lower price and greater range. Numerous domestic buildings, especially long-span buildings, have a low-profile frequency response that is challenging to accurately measure with the application of sensors suitable for integration with lower-cost, lower-power-profile wireless sensor networks. To cover the whole area of interest, sensor network topology is one of the most important issues. The objective of this article is to investigate of hybrid topology scheduling algorithm to determine the optimum TCP (Transmission Control Mechanism) mechanism for assessing large building structural health data using various kinds TCP and scheduling algorithm. Result show that, the Full TCP mechanism is selected as optimum TCP mechanism for monitoring building structural health data.

A Survey on Video Transmission Techniques

Common video transmission system includes the following work like video collection and encoding of sending end, network transmission and reception, decoding and analysis of receiving end. This paper mainly focuses on elaborating and concluding principles and related techniques involved in video transmission system, such as rate control, transmission control mechanism, video retrieval, intelligent video analysis and error processing of video etc. In conclusion, it points out existing problems of video transmission techniques at present and future development direction of the researches.

An interference-free and simultaneous molecular transmission model for multi-user nanonetworks

Recent studies in nanotechnology show that the membrane selection process and distance adaptation algorithms can be used to maintain the simultaneous molecular communication in multi-user nanonetworks. However, such methods prevent the cooperation between different nanodevices, thus, degrade the performance. Moreover, the existing frameworks are not suitable for dense nanonetworks containing huge number of nano-devices. To the best of our knowledge, a simultaneous communication framework that enables cooperation has not been covered based on the challenges caused by the diffusion nature of the Concentration Shift Keying (CSK)-based molecular communication. First of all, the transmission of the molecular signal through all available channels is one of the most important challenge as it increases the interference between devices. Moreover, the experienced latency and attenuation of the chemical signal complicate the decoding process at the receiver side and necessitate a more complex nanomachine model. Additionally, synchronization between nanodevices becomes problematic. Having these challenges in mind, we propose an interference-free, simultaneous and selective communication model for Flow-Based Architecture (FBA)-based Nanonetwork. The proposed framework uses a molecule blocking filter structure that enables inter-group synchronization and limits the side effects of the diffusion nature. The packet-based communication is used in the proposed framework, and we defined a complete packet architecture that consists of synchronization bits, the address of the receiver and the data. The filters transmission control mechanism is also presented as a Markov chain-based active flow control structure. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated from both user perspective and network perspective. We observed that the proposed framework can support up to 8 simultaneous selective molecular communications in a 10-user nanonetwork.

TCP‐polite rate control based on cooperative measurement

AbstractBased on the cooperative measurement of new congestion metric instead of drop ratio and round‐trip time, a new cooperative transmission control mechanism, called TCP‐polite rate control (TPRC), is proposed. In this scheme, the congestion metric of network is obtained with cooperative measurement and feeds back to rate‐based pacing mechanism, thus keeping the transmission rate at the lower bound of available bandwidth. Simulation results show that TPRC scheme outperforms TCP and TCP‐friendly rate control protocol in terms of fast‐start, efficiency, and fairness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Performance Test of Automotive Transmission Control Mechanism

The right panel drawing direction is an important prerequisite for generating qualified parts, an important step before the panel forming simulation is to determine the reasonable direction of the drawing. Manually adjust parts in order to overcome rely on experience, the drawbacks to the drawing direction, the direction of the drawing punch and forming the contact area of the sheet as the goal of automatic determination algorithm. Objective function of the direction of the drawing for the variable contact area in the drawing direction of the feasible region, the use of heritage algorithms to optimize the objective function of the contact area and, ultimately feasible within the contact area corresponding to the drawing direction, that is the best drawing direction. The measured results show that the direction of the drawing based on genetic algorithm, the automatic algorithm can fast and accurate to obtain the optimal direction of drawing.

IBperf: A Testing and Evaluation Model of IB Datacenter Transmission Control

Datacenter is the important infrastructure to provide resource and service in Internet. Due to the widely observed congestion, all kinds of transmission control mechanisms have been proposed to satisfy diverse network performance demands. Based on InfiniBand (IB) which is widely applied for datacenter construction, this paper proposed a generic testing and evaluation platform IBperf to verify transmission control protocols. We designed a central controller to instruct distributed clients to generate different communication patterns and execute commands of the protocol. The transmission performance can be derived based on the captured packets and digest. In the experiment, IB congestion control (CC) was evaluated through IBperf on our real IB platform. IBperf showed the improvement of fairness and throughput with low overhead based on CC mechanism. It proved IBperf to be an effective tool for the evaluation of IB datacenter.

ASEHM: a new transmission control mechanism for remote rendering system

Digital 3D models have emerged as a new type of multimedia following sound, image and video. This media type has been distributed and processed widely on desktop PCs. However, processing 3D models on mobile devices is more difficult, mainly due to their physical constraints. Though the remote rendering framework is able to make up for some deficiencies, previous methods based on this framework suffered from high transmission frequency, which just imposes a high power demand on mobile devices' already limited battery life. In this paper, a new transmission control method, Adaptive Splitting and Error Handling Mechanism, is proposed to be integrated with canonical remote rendering system. Our mechanism is able to reduce transmission frequency by trading transmission with splitting operations. According to relevant research findings, reducing frequency will result in a decline in power consumption. Finally, the effectiveness of our method in terms of frequency reduction is validated by comparison with state of the art method.