Translation Of Norms Research Articles

Gendering Security Sector Reform through Capacity Building? The MINUSMA Specialized Police Team on Crime Scene Management

ABSTRACT This article studies norm translation of the Women, Peace and Security agenda by interrogating the ways in which external support can contribute to gendering the security sector in conflict-affected countries. Through a case study of a Norwegian-led Specialized Police Team which provided capacity building in crime scene management to Malian Security Forces as part of the UN mission in Mali, it analyses how different understandings of gender inform gender mainstreaming practice. The analysis shows that while the Norwegian officers worked actively to promote gender equality and women’s participation, the possibilities for capacity building to contribute to a gendering of the security sector are limited by the lack of more transformative understandings of gender to inform practice.

Protection gaps: child soldier rehabilitation and militarized governance in Sri Lanka

Abstract Child soldier disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) practice has a strong normative commitment to protect children from harm and violence. However, there exist policy and research knowledge gaps in comprehending the translation of such norms in meeting the social and protective needs of children. In Sri Lanka from 2009, 594 former child soldiers from the Liberation Tamil Tigers of Elam (LTTE) underwent a national rehabilitation programme. National engagement with international child protection norms could not materialize from a militarized governance framework implemented at the end of the civil war. This article provides a primary source of data based on 45 semi-structured interviews with former boy and girl child soldiers from the LTTE. The Sri Lankan case-study demonstrates that the DDR programme resulted in the re-calibration of social and political control over child and adult participants. Former child soldiers' social and protective needs therefore remain complex and unresolved because of state generated structural violence related to poverty and militarization. The article advances a framework to account for a generational power dynamic of adult-child relations, and the politics of institutionalized protection to account for children's formal rehabilitation and return experiences.

Forging a Habsburg Islamic Legal System: Legal Transformation and Local Agency in Habsburg Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878-1918)

The integration of Islamic law into the Habsburg administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina following the 1878 occupation marked a significant shift in the existing Islamic legal system. This paper examines the impacts of the legal reforms implemented by the Austro-Hungarian government, focusing on the agency of local qāḍīs and plaintiffs in the process. The Habsburg bureaucracy reduced the application of Islamic law to the private sphere of family and marriage and established a two-tier court system, including a Supreme Sharia Court in Sarajevo, under state control. The analysis suggests that the integration of the Sharia courts into the Habsburg administration began a process of translation of legal norms, knowledge, values, and practices, resulting in a unique blend of Ottoman Islamic legal practices and Habsburg legal structures and values. The paper argues that this created new opportunities for legal claim-making by local plaintiffs.

Geometry of infinite dimensional unitary groups: Convexity and fixed points

In this article we study convexity properties of distance functions in infinite dimensional Finsler unitary groups, such as the full unitary group, the unitary Schatten perturbations of the identity and unitary groups of finite von Neumann algebras. The Finsler structures are defined by translation of different norms on the tangent space at the identity. We first prove a convexity result for the metric derived from the operator norm on the full unitary group. We also prove strong convexity results for the squared metrics in Hilbert-Schmidt unitary groups and unitary groups of finite von Neumann algebras. In both cases the tangent spaces are endowed with an inner product defined with a trace. These results are applied to fixed point properties and to quantitative metric bounds in certain rigidity problems. Radius bounds for all convexity and fixed point results are shown to be optimal.

Нормативное в цифровом

The problem of normality and normativity in the digital context has become relevant. In the 21st century, digital, which has become to a certain extent an alternative to the physical, is one of the key spaces for the translation of norms, primarily social norms. Digital practices are ontologically different from their real prototypes. This thesis is illustrated in the article by referring to the series "How to Sell Drugs Online (Fast)". The key character of the work, young Moritz, lives the usual life of a nerd and is the founder of the first online drug empire. The article raises the question of what normativity is in digital and whether it is possible. Three levels of normativity are defined: biological (physiological norms), social (linguistic and legal norms), and universal (the normativity of the human being as an actant). These levels of normativity are determined by biological, social, and universal norms. Philosophically significant is the third, universal level. Within its boundaries, we are talking about norms and normativity, which are not necessarily attached to a person. A person is only one of many real and potential actants. In the digital context, on a par with a person, there are phenomena from the fields of technical (computers and any other gadgets) and technological (networks of various scales, including the Internet). The understanding of the norm and normativity in the digital context, therefore, develops in the vision of normativity at all 3 levels, with an emphasis on the universal level, which will create a post-anthropological prism in the digital studies.

Norms in and between the philosophical ivory tower and public health practice: A heuristic model of translational ethics

This paper draws attention to the translation of ethical norms between the theoretical discourses of philosophers and practical discourses in public health. It is suggested that five levels can be identified describing categories of a transferral process of ethical norms – a process we will refer hereto as “translational ethics”. The aim of the described process is to generate understanding regarding how ethical norms come into public health policy documents and are eventually referred to in practice. Categorizing several levels can show how ethical-philosophical concepts such as norms are transforming in meaning and scope. By subdividing the model to five levels, it is suggested that ethical concepts reduce their “content thickness” and complexity and trade this in for practicability and potential consensus in public health discourses from level to level. The model presented here is illustrated by showing how the philosophical-ethical terms “autonomy”, “dignity”, and “justice” are used at different levels of the translation process, from Kant’s and Rawls’ theories (level 1) to, in this example, WHO reports and communications (levels 4 and 5). A central role is seen for what is called “applied ethics” (level 3).

A Cosmopolitan Jurisprudence: Essays in Memory of H. Patrick Glenn

The aim of A Cosmopolitan Jurisprudence is not merely to honor Patrick Glenn’s life and work, although it certainly does that—the essays are suffused with affection for Patrick as a friend and colleague and respect for his wide-ranging scholarly contributions.1 Rather, as William Twining notes in his Foreword, the collection seeks to continue and advance the conversations in which Patrick was so deeply engaged. The volume is organized into three parts addressing interlocking themes explored in Patrick’s work. The first focuses largely on methodological questions, examining the history, characteristics, and limitations of traditional comparative law. The second turns to Patrick’s pathbreaking work on legal traditions, assessing both the insights and the challenges of his conceptual model. Finally, the third takes up his later work on the cosmopolitan state. The authors approach their topics from a range of perspectives. Vivian Curran and Thomas Duve, for instance, offer rich historical accounts of the English common law and the School of Salamanca,2 respectively, while Ko Hasegawa draws on philosophical hermeneutics to develop a theoretical model of the process of norm translation.3 The volume also contains case studies intended to test Glenn’s ideas, including chapters drawing on Talmudic law (David Nelken),4 the Sunni legal tradition (Ahmed Fekry Ibrahim),5 and Confucian law (Marie Seong-Hak Kim).6

Corporate Law and Political Economy in a Kleptocracy

Abstract Described by the U.S. Attorney General as “kleptocracy at its worst,” 1MDB, a Malaysian state-owned company, was a vehicle for theft of billions by the former prime minister for nine years. Malaysian corporate law is largely aligned with international standards, raising questions as to why it failed to effectively safeguard against the expropriation of corporate property. The Article investigates empirical evidence of the strength and implementation of Malaysian corporate law that ostensibly protects shareholders from expropriation. It examines the translation of global norms into local practice and highlights the contextual influences that have impeded effective enforcement. The analysis draws on broader theoretical approaches to illuminate the evolution of Malaysian shareholder protection and explain the gap between law in the books and law in practice. While Malaysian corporate law has been modeled on benchmarks of international standards, its corporate ownership structures, political economy, and form of political governance have developed in a distinctly different manner from institutions in Western developed countries. This research explores the limitations of prescribing formal law based on global standards, highlighting the need to consider the implications of political economy. Broader implications for the discourse on legal transplants and global norms for corporate law are considered, along with potential reforms.

Just translation? A socioecological justice lens on EU environmental governance and urban mobility transitions

EU environmental policies such as the Ambient Air Quality Directive 2008/50 are highly relevant in this age of the looming climate crisis and interconnected sustainable transitions. However, implementation efforts such as low-emission zones, road pricing, and driving bans affect citizens in heterogenous situations and in ways that evoke questions of socioecological justice. This has resulted in an increasingly polarized reluctance to respective governance across Europe. The EU policy implementation literature often omits these less clearly operationalized norms that EU policies transport and pays little attention to how stakeholders in cities discursively and practically translate EU directives. Constructivist norm research underlines the importance of ‘localizing’ by highlighting that justice does matter for norm translation. The environmental justice concept has, however, not been systematically introduced and referenced in the norm research literature. This article offers a heuristic to address this research gap by combining a translation perspective from International Relations norm research with an environmental justice lens. Following the journey of the Air Quality Directive 2008/50, we ask how urban implementation configures the Directive’s environmental justice dimension and why this is important for effective and sustainable EU governance. Empirically, we focus on action plans and participation processes regarding Directive 2008/50 in Brussels, Glasgow, and Hamburg. As a result, we show that EU environmental governance unfolds at the local level as a dynamic contestation of different distributive justice claims that then translate into concrete policies. The analysis indicates that those policies must procedurally integrate local knowledge and identity formation to enable comprehensively just sustainable transformations.

Temporalities in Translation. Anthropocene Futures, the SDGs and Justice in Baltimore

Within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) process, different futures are contested, negotiated and become embedded in the Anthropocene. Those futures travel from one city to another, from businesses to local schools, or from protest events to the international negotiation fora of the United Nation (UN). By investigating the translation practices of Anthropocene futures from the global context of the UN into the local context of the city of Baltimore (United States), this paper traces how local actors engage with global norms and how they gain or lose agency in this process. Putting forward imaginaries of past, present and futures are practices of norm translation and appropriation that clearly change the once envisioned global future narratives. The paper brings together the Anthropocene scholarship with the International Relations-literature on translation. I suggest a new conceptual approach of translation that includes notions of ruptures, discontinuities and present pasts as main factors in translation processes. I apply this new framework to the case of SDG localization in Baltimore. In doing so, I analyse three major reports and 10 qualitative interviews that I conducted with local actors from the university, the city administration as well as different civil society actors in 2018. Here, I will discuss the different temporal notions, more specifically the way futures and pasts intersect in non-linear processes of translation.

On Translation of Shaanxi Dialect-featured Works Based on Gideon Toury’s Theory of Translation Norms: A Case Study of Life and Its English Translation

This research analyzes Chloe Estep's translated version Life（《人生》）in a descriptive and explanatory way based on Gideon Toury's Translation Norms. By investigating the reason why Estep chose to translate this book under the influence of preliminary norm, the orientation of her translation governed by initial norm and specific translation strategies guided by operational norm, the paper intends to prove Translation Norms to some degree influence translating process and more importantly analyze Estep's strategy and skills on translating Shaanxi dialect-featured words and sentences. By investigating the forming mechanism behind this translated work, the paper hopes to make some contribution to translating Shaanxi dialect-featured literary works and descriptively analyzing the translated version of Chinese literature.

The national development plans after the SDGs: Steering implications of the global goals towards national development planning

This article seeks to understand how the nationalization of the SDGs exercises affects NDPs. Drawing on theories of norm localization, it examines NDPs and visions of five countries to see how the SDGs as normative tools shift or steer a pre-existing alignment between global and domestic norms. Our study finds that the SDGs offer alternatives to traditional normative frameworks, but they have not fundamentally changed the state's dominant development paradigm. The SDGs have created a flexible space for norm translation through technical communication and approaches that appeal to the domestic discourse. Our study shows the dynamics of norm localization and flexibility provided by the SDGs as they interact with domestic norms and the state's sovereignty in creating space for sustainable development. This article contributes to the literature on the steering impacts of global goals in shaping national development planning and domestic policy choices through the identification of norm localization occurrences in NDPs.

Mission of the military chaplain on the battlefield and the Orthodox ethics during the World War I (on the example of Orenburg and Siberian Cossack troops

Military clergy was one of the core translators of military norms and regulations in the Russian army during the early XX century. The goal of this article is to examine the concepts of Orthodox culture within the ethics of war of the military chaplains. Leaning on the memoirs of A. Turundaevsky and archival documents of the Orenburg and Siberian Cossack troops, the article reconstructs the mission of the military chaplain on the battlefield, analyzes the structure of concepts of Orthodox ethics therein. The study of the structure of the elements of Orthodox ethics in the mission of the military chaplain reveals the key ethical principles that are fundamental to military conflicts, when one of the parties grounds its military regulations on the Orthodox culture. It is determined that in the conditions of new requirements established for military clergy during the World War I (1914–1918), there were instances that the norms of the Orthodox ethics contradicted the mission of the chaplain on the battlefield. The acquired results reveal that the underlying principle of the mission of military chaplain, as the representative of the “militant church”, on the battlefield was “love for one's neighbor”. The understanding of Russia as the center of Orthodox culture and the perception of soldiers as “warriors of the church” prompted the clergy to implement the concept of “meekness” in their actions, as well as the concepts of “recumbence”, “Divine Providence”, etc. for comprehension of their actions.

Ukrainian pantomime theater through the prism of the synergetic paradigm

The purpose of the article is to determine the priority forms of development, conceptual and organizational principles of the existence of domestic pantomime theaters in the conditions of modern socio-cultural space. Methodology. The cultural-historical method was used (to consider the general state of the domestic pantomime culture of the end of the XX – the beginning of the XXI century); synergetic method, thanks to which the historical paradigm of pantomime theater in Ukraine was studied; an art history method that contributed to the analysis of pantomime theater performances in an artistic context and a method of theoretical generalization. Scientific novelty. The specifics of Ukrainian pantomime theaters and their role in the socio-cultural space of the XXI century are studied; identified and analyzed the factors influencing the specifics of the development of Ukrainian pantomime theaters in the context of the transformation processes of the world and domestic socio-cultural space; trends and prospects for the development of the phenomenon of Ukrainian pantomime theater in the XXI century are indicated. Conclusions. The Ukrainian pantomime theater demonstrates unique forms of existence of the cultural text and uses a wide palette of sign-symbolic embodiments of pantomime culture. As a component of modern domestic cultural and artistic space, the Ukrainian pantomime theater is characterized by a wide representation, complex history of development and achievements, and is a significant platform for the translation of traditional socio-cultural values and norms, effective development of various elements of modern culture. At the present stage, the Ukrainian pantomime theater is a broadly chaotic system of contrasting phenomena, which, in turn, are internally ordered structures - schools, each of which declares its own conditions, becoming an independent, self-sufficient system.

Feminist foreign policies (FFPs) as strategic narratives: Norm translation in Sweden, Canada, France, and Mexico - ADDENDUM

Feminist foreign policies (FFPs) as strategic narratives: Norm translation in Sweden, Canada, France, and Mexico - ADDENDUM

Feminist foreign policies (FFPs) as strategic narratives: Norm translation in Sweden, Canada, France, and Mexico

AbstractDrawing on the IR theories of norm translation and strategic narratives, this article focuses on how states translate international norms to their own advantage by producing strategic narratives to advance their soft power ambitions abroad. Using the example of feminist foreign policy (FFP), the article compares Sweden, Canada, France, and Mexico in their attempts to translate international feminist norms into their countries’ strategic narratives. This comparison is based on three strategic narrative types (issue, national, and international system narratives) and two types of feminism (liberal, intersectional). Issue narratives reveal that Sweden and Mexico give more priority to social policies, while France and Canada emphasise the role of the market in addressing gender inequality. International system narratives demonstrate that Sweden and Mexico perceive global challenges as drivers of gender inequality, while France and Canada see gender inequality as a cause of global problems. National narratives show that Sweden and Mexico refer to other FFP countries to ‘back up’ their feminist initiatives, while France and Canada do not relate to other states. Finally, while liberal feminism dominates all four FFPs, each state either prioritises particular aspects of it (legal, market, security, rights-based) or incorporates elements from intersectional feminism.

Women as ‘new security actors’ in preventing and countering violent extremism in Mali

Abstract The frames of counterterrorism and countering violent extremism are increasingly shaping much international engagement in Mali. In this environment, women's contributions are often reduced to their peacemaking potential. This article studies how the UN policy agendas on Women, Peace and Security (WPS) and Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (P/CVE) are translated in discourses on P/CVE in Mali. It draws on feminist and postcolonial scholarship to develop a framework for analysing how local intermediaries in norm translation engage in ‘discursive practices of re-presentation’ and conducts a discourse analysis of interviews with Malian civil society and government representatives. The analysis finds that a re-presentation of women as security actors, constructed as an extension of their roles as peacemakers, dominates the discourse. I use the term ‘new security actors’ to describe the dominant re-presentation of women that emerges in this context: a woman who will contribute to preventing radicalization and violent extremism by influencing, counselling, and/or informing on her family or community members. ‘New security actors’, however, emerges as a problematic re-presentation of women which emphasizes traditional gender roles and potentially exposes women to risks, and in many ways seem to contradict much of the normative aspirations of the WPS agenda.

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF UNIVERSITY SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

The development of human civilization convincingly proves to us that a person, being born in a certain historical epoch in a certain country, prepares not for life in general, but for life in specific social and cultural conditions. Analysis of the available philosophical, pedagogical, sociological literature and areas of scientific and educational research indicates that researchers focus their attention on the problem of social responsibility of modern Universities. In particular, interest in this issue has grown significantly in recent years. The activities of Universities are never limited to the training of future specialists. Universities perform the social function of reproduction and development of society and its systems through the processes of translation of cultural norms in changing historical circumstances, each time on the basis of new social relations. Although among researchers there is no consensus on the definition of social responsibility of the University and the areas of its implementation, there is a general understanding of this phenomenon as a certain obligation of a higher education institution to society. That is why it is important to realize that the social responsibility of Universities should be considered in the context of the general social and cultural dynamics of a particular society. And if there were times when the social responsibility of the University could be represented by the concept of «literacy», then modern world makes completely different demands on education in general and on understanding of the University social responsibility in particular. The social responsibility of the University to society as a social institution, its individual groups and strata, is its commitment to contribute to the solution of important social problems.

On some issues of translation of norms of law into a machine-readable format

On some issues of translation of norms of law into a machine-readable format

Glocal Peace Mediators as Norm Translators

AbstractInternational peace mediators operate within a normative universe constituted of interrelated, overlapping and evolving norms. They are constantly involved in the application, creation and adaptation of different norms, whether consciously or unconsciously, explicitly or implicitly. This article interrogates the increasingly complex normative dimensions of peace mediation and, especially, the ways in which peace mediators navigate and translate different norms. It seeks to fill two significant gaps in the existing literature. With respect to the emerging literature on norms in peace mediation, the article innovates by drawing on critical legal pluralism. Through this approach, and by building on legal‐anthropological work on transnational human rights norms as well as on recent empirical studies on peace mediators, the article also adds to the existing international relations scholarship on norms and norm translation, which has not focused on mediation as a site, or on the involvement of mediators as a form of agency.