Translational Perspective Research Articles

Deep Non-Rigid Structure-From-Motion: A Sequence-to-Sequence Translation Perspective.

Directly regressing the non-rigid shape and camera pose from the individual 2D frame is ill-suited to the Non-Rigid Structure-from-Motion (NRSfM) problem. This frame-by-frame 3D reconstruction pipeline overlooks the inherent spatial-temporal nature of NRSfM, i.e., reconstructing the 3D sequence from the input 2D sequence. In this paper, we propose to solve deep sparse NRSfM from a sequence-to-sequence translation perspective, where the input 2D keypoints sequence is taken as a whole to reconstruct the corresponding 3D keypoints sequence in a self-supervised manner. First, we apply a shape-motion predictor on the input sequence to obtain an initial sequence of shapes and corresponding motions. Then, we propose the Context Layer, which enables the deep learning framework to effectively impose overall constraints on sequences based on the structural characteristics of non-rigid sequences. The Context Layer constructs modules for imposing the self-expressiveness regularity on non-rigid sequences with multi-head attention (MHA) as the core, together with the use of temporal encoding, both of which act simultaneously to constitute constraints on non-rigid sequences in the deep framework. Experimental results across different datasets such as Human3.6M, CMU Mocap, and InterHand prove the superiority of our framework. The code will be made publicly available.

Synthesis, Functionalization, and Biomedical Applications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs)

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have garnered significant attention in biomedical applications due to their unique magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and versatility. This review comprehensively examines the synthesis methods, surface functionalization techniques, and diverse biomedical applications of IONPs. Various chemical and physical synthesis techniques, including coprecipitation, sol–gel processes, thermal decomposition, hydrothermal synthesis, and sonochemical routes, are discussed in detail, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Surface functionalization strategies, such as ligand exchange, encapsulation, and silanization, are explored to enhance the biocompatibility and functionality of IONPs. Special emphasis is placed on the role of IONPs in biosensing technologies, where their magnetic and optical properties enable significant advancements, including in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensors, fluorescence biosensors, and field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors. The review explores how IONPs enhance sensitivity and selectivity in detecting biomolecules, demonstrating their potential for point-of-care diagnostics. Additionally, biomedical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, and stem cell tracking are discussed. The challenges and future perspectives in the clinical translation of IONPs are also addressed, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize their properties and ensure safety and efficacy in medical applications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state and future potential of IONPs in both biosensing and broader biomedical fields.

Research on Subtitle Translation from the Perspective of Eco-Translatology’s Three-Dimensional Transformation Theory:

As a comprehensive medium that integrates visual, auditory, and narrative arts, film serves as a carrier for cultural transmission. In the context of rapid economic development and accelerated globalization, movies have become important vehicles for showcasing the cultural and historical richness of different countries. In recent years, Chinese films have emerged prolifically, gaining attention worldwide and not only providing entertainment for foreign audiences but also actively promoting the dissemination of Chinese culture and values globally (Fan Xiaodi, 2020). To help foreign viewers better understand Chinese films and foster cultural exchange and development among nations, this paper analyzes the subtitle translation of the film "The Wandering Earth" through the lens of ecological translation studies, applying the three-dimensional transformation theory. Additionally, the study explores potential issues in subtitle translation, such as free translation and cultural conflicts. By analyzing the subtitle translation of "The Wandering Earth," this paper underscores the importance of ecological translation perspectives in subtitle studies, which can enhance the international competitiveness and cultural recognition of Chinese films, while also providing insights into future directions for subtitle translation research.

Nanomedicine-based strategies for the treatment of vein graft disease.

Autologous saphenous veins are the most frequently used conduits for coronary and peripheral artery bypass grafting. However, vein graft failure rates of 40-50% within 10 years of the implantation lead to poor long-term outcomes after bypass surgery. Currently, only a few therapeutic approaches for vein graft disease have been successfully translated into clinical practice. Building on the past two decades of advanced understanding of vein graft biology and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying vein graft disease, nanomedicine-based strategies offer promising opportunities to address this important unmet clinical need. In this Review, we provide deep insight into the latest developments in the rational design and applications of nanoparticles that have the potential to target specific cells during various pathophysiological stages of vein graft disease, including early endothelial dysfunction, intermediate intimal hyperplasia and late-stage accelerated atherosclerosis. Additionally, we underscore the convergence of nanofabricated biomaterials, with a particular focus on hydrogels, external graft support devices and cell-based therapies, alongside bypass surgery to improve local delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we provide a specific discussion on the considerations, challenges and novel perspectives for the future clinical translation of nanomedicine for the treatment of vein graft disease.

The professionalization of the role of the coach: transforming the last bastion of the Scandinavian welfare-sport model

Coaching in Scandinavia is characterized by tensions between voluntary ideals and increased demands for professionalization. This paper examines the origins and content of such demands, how voluntary run and governed football clubs translate them into practices, and the impact of professionalization on the coach role. Within an organizational perspective, our analysis is framed by institutional theory and a translation perspective and draw on data from interviews with representatives of Norwegian football clubs. The results show how demands for professionalization are translated into (new) practices in football clubs and lead to (more) professionalization of the coach role. In a ‘top-down’ trajectory, professionalization is characterized by bureaucratization driven by a need to satisfy the Norwegian Football Federation and Norwegian Elite Football. In a ‘bottom-up’ trajectory, professionalization is characterized by individualization driven by pressures from members to tailor-make the club’s service offer. In a ‘trickle-sideways’ trajectory, professionalization is characterized by marketization driven by the establishment of private football academies that exert pressure on football clubs to adapt to a more customer-oriented membership base. In conclusion, this examination highlights the multidimensional character of the professionalization of the coach role and emphasizes the need for further research on the broader ramifications of professionalization in contexts characterized by voluntary ideals.

Stylistic features of a literary text from the translation perspective (based on the novella “The Chimes” by Charles Dickens)

Stylistic features of a literary text from the translation perspective (based on the novella “The Chimes” by Charles Dickens)

Intranasal administration of recombinant human BDNF as a potential therapy for some primary headaches

BackgroundIn addition to its critical role in neurogenesis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulates pain and depressive behaviors.MethodsIn a translational perspective, we tested the anti-migraine activity of highly purified and characterized recombinant human BDNF (rhBDNF) in an animal model of cephalic pain based on the chronic and intermittent NTG administration (five total injections over nine days), used to mimic recurrence of attacks over a given period. To achieve this, we assessed the effects of two doses of rhBDNF (40 and 80 µg/kg) administered intranasally to adult male Sprague–Dawley rats, on trigeminal hyperalgesia (by orofacial formalin test), gene expression (by rt-PCR) of neuropeptides and inflammatory cytokines in specific areas of the brain related to migraine pain. Serum levels of CGRP, PACAP, and VIP (by ELISA) were also evaluated. The effects of rhBDNF were compared with those of sumatriptan (5 mg/kg i.p), administered 1 h before the last NTG administration.ResultsBoth doses of rhBDNF significantly reduced NTG-induced nocifensive behavior in Phase II of the orofacial formalin test. The anti-hyperalgesic effect of intranasal high-dose rhBDNF administration in the NTG-treated animals was associated with a significant modulation of mRNA levels of neuropeptides (CGRP, PACAP, VIP) and cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-10) in the trigeminal ganglion, medulla-pons, and hypothalamic area. Of note, the effects of rhBNDF treatment were comparable to those induced by the administration of sumatriptan. rhBDNF administration at both doses significantly reduced serum levels of PACAP, while the higher dose also significantly reduced serum levels of VIP.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that intranasal rhBDNF has the potential to be a safe, non-invasive and effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of primary headache, particularly migraine.

Spatially resolved metabolomics: From metabolite mapping to function visualising.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI)-based spatially resolved metabolomics addresses the limitations inherent in traditional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics, particularly the loss of spatial context within heterogeneous tissues. MSI not only enhances our understanding of disease aetiology but also aids in the identification of biomarkers and the assessment of drug toxicity and therapeutic efficacy by converting invisible metabolites and biological networks into visually rendered image data. In this comprehensive review, we illuminate the key advancements in MSI-driven spatially resolved metabolomics over the past few years. We first outline recent innovations in preprocessing methodologies and MSI instrumentation that improve the sensitivity and comprehensiveness of metabolite detection. We then delve into the progress made in functional visualization techniques, which enhance the precision of metabolite identification and annotation. Ultimately, we discuss the significant potential applications of spatially resolved metabolomics technology in translational medicine and drug development, offering new perspectives for future research and clinical translation. HIGHLIGHTS: MSI-driven spatial metabolomics preserves metabolite spatial information, enhancing disease analysis and biomarker discovery. Advances in MSI technology improve detection sensitivity and accuracy, expanding bioanalytical applications. Enhanced visualization techniques refine metabolite identification and spatial distribution analysis. Integration of MSI with AI promises to advance precision medicine and accelerate drug development.

Understanding Christian translation and its missiological relevance

Christian translation is integral to Christian missions that benefit the ingenious people and the gospel. Among early missionary activities, translations of the Bible to vernacular language have tremendous implications for the gospel propagation. Its roots are well spelt out in the early church, which endorsed Christianity as a universal faith. The researchers observe the historical and missiological perspective of Bible translation. They used library materials and internet sources to explain the meaning of translation, such as explaining a text language in the context of the recipients. This article contains a biblical basis for Bible translations, as it was from the early scriptures, and it concludes by explaining the relevance of Christian translation in terms of literacy, preservation of culture and freedom from slavery, among others. Christian translation has helped to create different versions of the Bible; the New Testament alone is available in 1551 languages out of over 7100 languages worldwide. Christian translation shows that Christian missionaries are not another form of a colonising agency because their activities resulted in actions that led to the end of colonisation in many parts of Africa. The author used a descriptive research method for this article.Contribution: From the analysis, Christian translation is a vital part of Christian missions that has many benefits for the ingenious people by preserving their cultural practices and language, among others. It also made Christianity not to be perceived as a foreign religion that has no link with the African Belief system. Christians are to seek to translate more materials, especially the Bible, into other peoples’ languages to have a lasting impact on the indigenous people.

Abstract PR-07: Optimally designed mRNA vaccine encoding tumor-specific antigens identified in a colorectal cancer model leads to complete tumor rejection in mice

Abstract mRNA vaccines can be designed to encode multiple epitopes of choice, which is a crucial advantage when aiming to include a broad coverage immune response. Upon translation, the cell machinery must process the vaccine-encoded poly-epitope protein to release individual peptides. This processing step is key in inducing an immune response toward selected epitopes, as efficient processing yields a higher amount of peptide available for MHC-I presentation. The efficiency of peptide processing is greatly influenced by the peptide surrounding context (i.e. the flanking amino acids in N-and C-terminal). Aberrantly expressed tumor-specific antigens (aeTSAs) are MHC-I-associated peptides (MAPs) resulting from cancer-specific epigenetic changes and splicing aberrations. In contrast to TSAs derived from mutated protein-coding exons, aeTSAs are highly shared by different tumors. Moreover, unlike commonly used tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), they are not expressed by normal healthy cells, which is pivotal for inducing strong CD8+ T cell responses. The present study aimed to determine whether RNA vaccines encoding aeTSAs would elicit protective anti-tumor responses against a colorectal cancer cell line model (MC38). We hypothesized that multiepitope mRNA vaccine efficacy would be improved if the mRNA construct was composed of minimal epitopes (here, cancer antigens) bordered by optimal (rather than natural) flanking sequences. Thus, we designed 2 vaccine constructs encoding 5 aeTSAs identified by mass spectrometry in MC38 tumor cells. The 2 constructs differ in the identity of the amino acids flanking the antigens (natural vs. substituted antigen flanking sequences). Mice were injected subcutaneously with MC38 cells on Day 0. Three mRNA vaccine doses were administered intravenously one week apart, starting at Day 4. Vaccination with our improved mRNA vaccine design showed a clear therapeutic effect. As opposed to the natural flanking sequences design resulting in delayed tumor growth, vaccination with the substituted flanking sequences design led to the complete elimination of tumors and the survival of all mice. Elispot and dextramer stainings revealed that at least 3 of the 5 MC38 aeTSAs were immunogenic and that the amplitude of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses was significantly higher in mice vaccinated with the substituted flanking sequences design. Our results confirm our hypothesis that highly proficient flanking regions have intrinsic benefits that can be carried over to different antigens. From a translational perspective, our work provides new insights into the therapeutic potential of optimally designed aeTSA-encoding mRNA vaccines for treating cancers. Citation Format: Marie-Pierre Hardy, Krystel Vincent, Gabriel Ouellet-Lavallée, Chantal Durette, Isabelle Caron, Joel Lanoix, Mathieu Courcelles, Jean-Philippe Laverdure, Pierre Thibault, Claude Perreault. Optimally designed mRNA vaccine encoding tumor-specific antigens identified in a colorectal cancer model leads to complete tumor rejection in mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2024 Oct 18-21; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2024;12(10 Suppl):Abstract nr PR-07.

Phosphatidylserine: A Novel Target for Ischemic Stroke Treatment.

Over the past 40 years, research has heavily emphasized stroke treatments that directly target ischemic cascades after stroke onset. Much attention has focused on studying neuroprotective drugs targeting one aspect of the ischemic cascade. However, the single-target therapeutic approach resulted in minimal clinical benefit and poor outcomes in patients. Considering the ischemic cascade is a multifaceted and complex pathophysiological process with many interrelated pathways, the spotlight is now shifting towards the development of neuroprotective drugs that affect multiple aspects of the ischemic cascade. Phosphatidylserine (PS), known as the "eat-me" signal, is a promising candidate. PS is involved in many pathophysiological changes in the central nervous system after stroke onset, including apoptosis, inflammation, coagulation, and neuronal regeneration. Moreover, PS might also exert various roles in different phases after stroke onset. In this review, we describe the synthesis, regulation, and function of PS under physiological conditions. Furthermore, we also summarize the different roles of PS after stroke onset. More importantly, we also discuss several treatment strategies that target PS. We aim to advocate a novel stroke care strategy by targeting PS through a translational perspective.

Understanding sex and populational differences in spatio-temporal exploration patterns and homebase dynamics of zebrafish following repeated ethanol exposure

Ethanol (EtOH) is one of the most widely consumed substance, affecting neurobehavioral functions depending on multiple environmental and biological factors. Although EtOH modulates zebrafish (Danio rerio) anxiety-like behaviors in novelty-based paradigms, the potential role of biological sex and populational variability in the exploratory dynamics in the open field test (OFT) is unknown. Here, we explored whether a repeated EtOH exposure protocol modulates the spatio-temporal exploration and homebase-related parameters in a population- and sex-dependent manner. Male and female fish from the short-fin (SF) and leopard (LEO) phenotypes were exposed to EtOH for 7 days (1 % v/v, 20 min per day). On the 8th day, the OFT was performed to assess locomotor and exploratory behaviors. We verified significant populational differences in the baseline spatio-temporal exploration patterns, supporting a pronounced anxiety in LEO with a higher homebase index compared to SF. We also found sex-dependent differences in EtOH sensitivity, where SF was more sensitive to EtOH, especially in females, which showed marked alterations in thigmotaxis and homebase occupancy. Conversely, only LEO female subjects showed increased center occupancy following EtOH. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the main components that explained data variability, which were sex- and population-dependent. Overall, our novel findings support the utility of zebrafish-based models to assess how EtOH influences the exploratory profile in the OFT, as well as to elucidate potential differences of sex and population in the neurobehavioral responses of alcohol exposure in a translational perspective.

Correction: Translational perspectives on the therapeutic potential of Hyptis crenata essential oil terpenes in smooth muscle function.

Correction: Translational perspectives on the therapeutic potential of Hyptis crenata essential oil terpenes in smooth muscle function.

Personal responsibility for health in Bulgarian public health law and social legislation

BackgroundIn the last decades all health systems have experienced a lack of resources. Against this background, the idea of ​​applying personal responsibility of the patient as a criterion for allocation of resources (PRCAR) is gaining increasing attention. Bulgarian healthcare reform has been marked by the implementation of many new strategies, that grounded our scientific interest towards investigating PRCAR in Bulgarian public health law and social legislation.MethodsThrough a search of national legal databases 7 documents were selected and subjected to content analysis.ResultsProspective responsibility was found in two and retrospective responsibility - in three documents, two of which imposed explicit penalties on the patient. Two documents did not distinguish between the types of patient responsibility. PRCAR was found to be controversial through the prism of the social justice principle. The discussion was conducted through the perspectives of evidence translation of research to law, particularities of social cohesion in Bulgaria, and the interpretation of principles of public health ethics.ConclusionAlthough PRCAR was traceable in Bulgarian legislation, no supporting arguments for its introduction were deduced. The applicability of PRCAR should be further studied and wider public debate should be initiated.

Targeted Cancer Therapy: The Role of Liposomes in Oncology. A Literature Review

Liposomal formulations represent a significant advancement in the field of oncology, providing innovative solutions for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. These nanoscale carriers, made of phospholipid bilayers, enhance drug stability and allow for targeted delivery to tumor tissues, thereby improving the therapeutic index of anticancer medications. By altering the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of these drugs, liposomes help reduce systemic side effects while increasing the concentration of therapeutic agents at the tumor site. Recent developments in liposomal technology have led to the creation of targeted liposomes, which can bind specifically to cancer cells, enhancing treatment accuracy. This review examines the various applications of liposomes in cancer treatment, discusses important clinical trials, identifies challenges in formulation and delivery, and considers future directions for integrating liposomal therapies into routine oncology practice. As ongoing research progresses, liposomes are poised to play a crucial role in advancing cancer treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. Additionally, we discuss the challenges associated with their clinical translation and future perspectives in optimizing liposome formulations for personalized cancer therapies.

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Genetic Basis of Keratoconus: New Perspectives for Clinical Translation.

Keratoconus (KC) is a corneal disorder with complex etiology, apparently involving both genetic and environmental factors, characterized by progressive thinning and protrusion of the cornea. We aimed to identify novel genetic regions associated with KC susceptibility, elucidate relevant genes for disease development, and explore the translational implications for therapeutic intervention and risk assessment. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) that integrated previously published data with newly generated genotyping data from an independent European cohort. To evaluate the clinical translation of our results, we performed functional annotation, gene prioritization, polygenic risk score (PRS), and drug repositioning analyses. We identified two novel genetic loci associated with KC, with rs2806689 and rs807037 emerging as lead variants (P = 1.71E-08, odds ratio [OR] = 0.88; P = 1.93E-08, OR = 1.16, respectively). Most importantly, we identified 315 candidate genes influenced by confirmed KC-associated variants. Among these, MINK1 was found to play a pivotal role in KC pathogenesis through the WNT signaling pathway. Moreover, we developed a PRS model that successfully differentiated KC patients from controls (P = 7.61E-16; area under the curve = 0.713). This model has the potential to identify individuals at high risk for developing KC, which could be instrumental in early diagnosis and management. Additionally, our drug repositioning analysis identified acetylcysteine as a potential treatment option for KC, opening up new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Our study provides valuable insights into the genetic and molecular basis of KC, offering new targets for therapy and highlighting the clinical utility of PRS models in predicting disease risk.

A Study on Chinese Translation of English-Japanese Movie Titles from the Perspective of Linguistic Conformity Theory

Movie translation plays an important role in the dissemination of a movie, just like the trademark and promotion card of a movie. It not only needs to match the style of the original movie, but also needs to have commercial value. The quality of title translation directly affects the box office and audience attendance. This paper takes the 250 movies with the highest Douban ratings as the research object, and collects relevant data by constructing a database. Through the literature survey, it is found that the current Chinese translation of movie title translation is mostly studied from the perspective of Purpose Theory and Dynamic Equivalence Theory, but a systematic framework has not yet been formed, so it is difficult to solve the problem of actual title translation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current problems in movie translation from the perspective of linguistic conformity theory, including copying and reproducing, formatting translation, unclear meaning, and words deviating from the theme. This paper argues that the proposed title translation should truly and accurately reflect the core of the original title and more deeply combine with the local culture, with the intention of providing new perspectives for movie translation to improve the translation quality of Chinese titles.

Translational Perspectives on the Therapeutic Potential of Hyptis Crenata Essential Oil Terpenes in Smooth Muscle Function.

Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are classes of organic compounds found in various natural products, such as the essential oil of Hyptis crenata (EOHc). The therapeutic potential of these terpenes present in EOHc is evidenced by their effect on smooth muscle and potential clinical applications. Among the highlighted monoterpenes, such as sabinene, α-pinene, and β-pinene, a relaxing effect on rat intestinal smooth muscles is observed, attributed to interaction with calcium channels. Furthermore, monoterpenoids like borneol, cineole, and linalool also demonstrate vasorelaxant properties, suggesting potential in the treatment of cardiovascular conditions. Sesquiterpenes, such as caryophyllene and aromadendrenes, exhibit relaxing effects in various smooth muscle tissues, such as rat uterus and guinea pig ileum, indicating pharmacological potential in these areas. The translational exploration of targets, such as calcium channels and G protein-coupled receptors, highlights the importance of these compounds in discovering new therapies based on natural products for treating various medical conditions.

Double-stranded DNA enhances platelet activation, thrombosis, and myocardial injury via cyclic GMP-AMP synthase

Abstract Aims Elevated dsDNA levels in STEMI patients are associated with increased infarct size and worse clinical outcomes. However, the direct effect of dsDNA on platelet activation remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the direct influence of dsDNA on platelet activation, thrombosis, and the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results Analysis of clinical samples revealed elevated plasma dsDNA levels in STEMI patients, which positively correlated with platelet aggregation and markers of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) such as MPO-DNA and CitH3. Platelet assays demonstrated the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in platelets from STEMI patients. DsDNA directly potentiated platelet activation and thrombus formation. Mechanistic studies using G150 (cGAS inhibitor), H151 (STING inhibitor), and MCC950 (NLRP3 inhibitor), as well as cGAS-/-, STING-/- and NLRP3-/- mice showed that dsDNA activated cGAS, a previously unreported DNA sensor in platelets, and induced activation of the STING/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β axis. This cascade enhanced platelet activation and thrombus formation. Platelet cGAS depletion or Palbociclib, a cGAS-STING inhibitor, approved by the FDA for advanced breast cancer, ameliorated myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Conclusions These results suggested that dsDNA is a novel driver of platelet activation and thrombus formation in STEMI patients. Translational Perspective ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients exhibit high levels of plasma double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), which directly potentiates platelet activation through the platelet cGAS/STING/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway. STEMI patients may benefit from cGAS inhibition in the prevention of platelet hyperactivity and thrombus formation.

A Study on Translator’s Subjectivity of Dream of Red Mansions Based on Polysystem Theory

With the development of The Times, translation studies are no longer limited to text and syntax, but have expanded from in-text studies to out-of-text studies. Translation activities are carried out in two cultural contexts. Therefore, from a new translation perspective, the translation process pays more attention to the target language culture and the influence of various social, cultural and economic factors on translation activities, thus developing the translator's subjectivity. The status of the translator is gradually revealed, which makes the translation closer to the target language culture and expands the target audience. Based on the comparison between traditional translation theory and multi-system theory, this paper takes the translation of Dream of Red Mansions as an example, and has an in-depth study of the translator's subjectivity in the translation process through comparison and analysis, emphasizing the important effect of the translator's subjectivity in translation activities,so as to provide references for how to produce high-quality text translation.