Nanomedicine is the medical application of nanotechnology for the treatment and prevention of major ailments, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the progress and potential of nanomedicines, many such materials fail to reach clinical trials due to critical challenges that include poor reproducibility in high-volume production that have led to failure in animal studies and clinical trials. Recent approaches using microfluidic technology have provided emerging platforms with great potential to accelerate the clinical translation of nanomedicine. Microfluidic technologies for nanomedicine development are reviewed in this chapter, together with a detailed discussion of microfluidic assembly, characterization and evaluation of nanomedicine, and a description of current challenges and future prospects. Keywords: microfluidics; nanotechnology; nanomedicine; biomimetic microsystem; clinical translation