Translation Products Research Articles

Manipulating English news reports translated into Arabic: the influence of patronage and socio-narratives

ABSTRACT The influence of patronage and socio-narratives on the process and product of translation is examined, focusing on the implications of these social phenomena on the translation of current affairs in the Arab world. The translation of English news articles in Arabic newspapers is analysed to see whether the linguistic structures and strategies employed by the source and target newspapers in news reporting are doctored for communication flow or rather censored to serve the patrons’ goals and political agendas. It is suggested that the main objective in translating news articles into Arabic is not to achieve linguistic equivalence in all cases, but rather to naturalize the message in the communication process or employ censorship in order to fulfil the needs and political agenda of the ‘patrons’. The selected translated news, from two popular Arabic newspapers, the Egyptian Al-Ahram and the Syrian Tishreen, feature various manipulative strategies that shift perspectives and justify the repressive measures and policies of the Arab patrons.

Transformative Trends: A Comprehensive Review of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Healthcare

Recent years have witnessed notable progress in Language Model (LM) technology, especially with the introduction of Large Language Models (LLMs). With the use of complex neural networks and enormous volumes of data, these models—like the GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) series—have completely changed the field of natural language processing. This study offers a thorough analysis of LLMs, examining their uses as well as the difficulties and moral issues that come with implementing LLMs in practical settings. Moreover, it investigates the wide range of uses of LLMs in many fields, such as question answering, drug discovery, language translation, and text production. By means of this review, we hope to offer ideas on future directions in this quickly developing field as well as insights into the state-of-the-art in LLM research today. Key Words: Large Language Models, LangChain, Natural language processing, GPT, ChatGPT, AI chatbots, Indirect Prompt Injection

Knockout Mouse Studies Show That Mitochondrial CLPP Peptidase and CLPX Unfoldase Act in Matrix Condensates near IMM, as Fast Stress Response in Protein Assemblies for Transcript Processing, Translation, and Heme Production.

LONP1 is the principal AAA+ unfoldase and bulk protease in the mitochondrial matrix, so its deletion causes embryonic lethality. The AAA+ unfoldase CLPX and the peptidase CLPP also act in the matrix, especially during stress periods, but their substrates are poorly defined. Mammalian CLPP deletion triggers infertility, deafness, growth retardation, and cGAS-STING-activated cytosolic innate immunity. CLPX mutations impair heme biosynthesis and heavy metal homeostasis. CLPP and CLPX are conserved from bacteria to humans, despite their secondary role in proteolysis. Based on recent proteomic-metabolomic evidence from knockout mice and patient cells, we propose that CLPP acts on phase-separated ribonucleoprotein granules and CLPX on multi-enzyme condensates as first-aid systems near the inner mitochondrial membrane. Trimming within assemblies, CLPP rescues stalled processes in mitoribosomes, mitochondrial RNA granules and nucleoids, and the D-foci-mediated degradation of toxic double-stranded mtRNA/mtDNA. Unfolding multi-enzyme condensates, CLPX maximizes PLP-dependent delta-transamination and rescues malformed nascent peptides. Overall, their actions occur in granules with multivalent or hydrophobic interactions, separated from the aqueous phase. Thus, the role of CLPXP in the matrix is compartment-selective, as other mitochondrial peptidases: MPPs at precursor import pores, m-AAA and i-AAA at either IMM face, PARL within the IMM, and OMA1/HTRA2 in the intermembrane space.

Inhibition of ERK1/2 or CRMP2 Disrupts Alcohol Memory Reconsolidation and Prevents Relapse in Rats.

Relapse to alcohol abuse, often caused by cue-induced alcohol craving, is a major challenge in alcohol addiction treatment. Therefore, disrupting the cue-alcohol memories can suppress relapse. Upon retrieval, memories transiently destabilize before they reconsolidate in a process that requires protein synthesis. Evidence suggests that the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), governing the translation of a subset of dendritic proteins, is crucial for memory reconsolidation. Here, we explored the involvement of two regulatory pathways of mTORC1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT and extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), in the reconsolidation process in a rat (Wistar) model of alcohol self-administration. We found that retrieval of alcohol memories using an odor-taste cue increased ERK1/2 activation in the amygdala, while the PI3K-AKT pathway remained unaffected. Importantly, ERK1/2 inhibition after alcohol memory retrieval impaired alcohol-memory reconsolidation and led to long-lasting relapse suppression. Attenuation of relapse was also induced by post-retrieval administration of lacosamide, an inhibitor of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2)-a translational product of mTORC1. Together, our findings indicate the crucial role of ERK1/2 and CRMP2 in the reconsolidation of alcohol memories, with their inhibition as potential treatment targets for relapse prevention.

Understanding the impact of maternal and infant nutrition on infant/child health: multiethnic considerations, knowledge translation, and future directions for equitable health research.

A mother's intrauterine environment influences her health and that of her offspring, at birth and in the future. Herein, we present an overview of our Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)-funded grant "Understanding the impact of maternal and infant nutrition on infant/child health"-set within The NutriGen Birth Cohort Alliance. NutriGen is a consortium of four Canadian prospective birth cohorts representing>5000 mother-child pairs of diverse ethnic groups including South Asians, White Europeans, and Indigenous peoples. We summarize our objectives and main findings on outcomes of maternal diet, gestational diabetes, birth weight, cardiometabolic health, the microbiome, and epigenetic modifications. We append this work with 10 key messages when conducting multiethnic research and review our knowledge translation products. We describe the clinical impact of our research on maternal and child health and conclude with future directions on biomarker discovery, expansion to other ethnic groups, and interventions for high-risk populations.

Bilingual Translation in Spiderman the Movie Storybook

The language transfer can be seen in the lexical choices in a translation. A translator may have different considerations when applying its use in a text since adaptation of context is an essential part to be employed through the translation. Problems with transferring the source language into the target language certainly have an effect on delivering messages within a text. This study aims to analyze the lexical usage in the bilingual translation of the movie storybook Spiderman and the strategies in the translation, including their meaning. The qualitative method used DeepL to assist in the analysis of differences that might come into the translation. In some cases, words translated from English into Indonesian were found non-equivalent, however, the rest of them were understandable. Translation by a more general word strategies were also used to be placed in the story rather than using the specific words and vice versa, paraphrasing using a related word, omission, and neutral words or less expressive words found to correspond the meaning. The equivalence of transferring the source language (SL) into the target language (TL) can be achieved when optional words are found in the translation in which meaning is also taken for consideration within the human translation. The product of translation was presented bilingually to analyze the differences in meaning between the two languages’ context of use. These showed DeepL as one of the machine translations with translation memories using Artificial Intelligence technology which compares the differences and similarities of sense in translation study. They can work together for the analysis to understand the use and results. Keywords: equivalence, non-equivalence, lexical, strategy

STUDENTS’ STRATEGIES AND ERRORS IN JOURNALISTIC TEXT TRANSLATION

Journalistic text plays an important role in information transfer such as the latest events, issues, or problems from parts of the world. With the rapid development of digital platforms, journalistic can be accessed easily through the internet, which arouses the need for translation as a means to bridge understanding between languages. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate students’ strategies and errors in journalistic text translation. By referring to translation strategies adapted from Newmark (1988), Hoed (2006), Baker (2011), the target text was analyzed based on several strategies including transference, calque, naturalization, accepted translation, paraphrase, modulation, transposition, cultural equivalence, addition, omission, and explication. Based on the translation quality assessment model adapted from Nababan et al. (2012), the translations made by the students have decent quality for accuracy and a medium level of competence in producing acceptable translations. However, the translation products have a high degree of readability which means they are easy to understand. Based on the classification proposed by Sukur et al. (2020), the finding shows that the errors made by the students in translating journalistic texts include a lack of cultural background knowledge, situation concordance, use of unsuitable words to the context, and failure to understand speech act. With some suggestions to overcome those challenges, this study is expected to provide pedagogical insight for translation courses regarding the practice of journalistic translation.

Создание культурно-переводческого продукта для международной коммуникации

International communication is conditioned by modern features of social and cultural context of different regional cultures in the world. The focus of the study is to apply a culture-oriented approach to translation in order for international translators to create their own cultural and translation product for effective English-language communication. The relevance of the paper is due to the need to create on a cultural basis an advanced method of designing a cultural and translation product for the adequate transfer of linguocultural units meaning, consideration of translation text hermeneutics for international communication. The research aims at describing the technology of cultural translation to create a cultural and translation product. The paper presents a three-stage system of work on its creation, features of culture-oriented translation in international communication. The research materials are the results of the Interpreters’ Club translation and research activities at the Faculty of International Relations of the Belarusian State University. Research methods are culture-oriented and organizational-activity approaches to analyze translation activities. The author presents the main results of the research in the form of the developed three stages method. She draws conclusions on the meaningful conduct of intellectual translation activities and outlines the need for special training for translators and interpreters to create their own cultural and translation product for efficient professional international communication

Circumvention of Topoisomerase IIα Intron 19 Intronic Polyadenylation in Acquired Etoposide-Resistant Human Leukemia K562 Cells.

DNA topoisomerase IIα (TOP2α; 170 kDa, TOP2α/170) is an essential enzyme for proper chromosome dysjunction by producing transient DNA double-stranded breaks and is an important target for DNA damage-stabilizing anticancer agents, such as etoposide. Therapeutic effects of TOP2α poisons can be limited due to acquired drug resistance. We previously demonstrated decreased TOP2α/170 levels in an etoposide-resistant human leukemia K562 subline, designated K/VP.5, accompanied by increased expression of a C-terminal truncated TOP2α isoform (90 kDa; TOP2α/90), which heterodimerized with TOP2α/170 and was a determinant of resistance by exhibiting dominant-negative effects against etoposide activity. Based on 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends, we confirmed TOP2α/90 as the translation product of a TOP2α mRNA in which a cryptic polyadenylation site (PAS) harbored in intron 19 (I19) was used. In this report, we investigated whether the resultant intronic polyadenylation (IPA) would be attenuated by blocking or mutating the I19 PAS, thereby circumventing acquired drug resistance. An antisense morpholino oligonucleotide was used to hybridize/block the PAS in TOP2α pre-mRNA in K/VP.5 cells, resulting in decreased TOP2α/90 mRNA/protein levels in K/VP.5 cells and partially circumventing drug resistance. Subsequently, CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein 9 with homology-directed repair was used to mutate the cryptic I19 PAS (AATAAA→ACCCAA) to prevent IPA. Gene-edited clones exhibited increased TOP2α/170 and decreased TOP2α/90 mRNA/protein and demonstrated restored sensitivity to etoposide and other TOP2α-targeted drugs. Together, results indicated that blocking/mutating a cryptic I19 PAS in K/VP.5 cells reduced IPA and restored sensitivity to TOP2α-targeting drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The results presented in this study indicate that CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein 9 gene editing of a cryptic polyadenylation site (PAS) within I19 of the TOP2α gene results in the reversal of acquired resistance to etoposide and other TOP2-targeted drugs. An antisense morpholino oligonucleotide targeting the PAS also partially circumvented resistance.

Translation Theory: A Historical-Thematic Account

The main function of Translation Studies is to study issues of translation production and propose solutions for translation problems. Today, Translation Studies is an academic discipline that is gaining more recognition in the academic community. More than that many scholars of different backgrounds and fields of study like literature, history, anthropology, semiotics, and philosophy have been attracted by translation studies. This article is divided into three sections. The first section presents a brief history of Translation Studies. The second section discusses definitions and meanings of the word 'translation'. The third section analyses different theories of translation.

Translation processes and products in L1-to-L2 and L2-to-L1 translations: Insights from keylogging data

Translation processes and products in L1-to-L2 and L2-to-L1 translations: Insights from keylogging data

SOFTWARE CAPABILITIES FOR TEXT IDENTIFICATION: COMPARISON FOR SIMILARITY, IDENTITY ESTABLISHMENT, UNIQUENESS CHECK

The study was carried out within the framework of identification linguistics and translational linguistics. The article describes some methods for determining the degree of similarity of texts: shingle algorithm, Levenshtein distance, systems for detecting plagiarism. The purpose of the work is to test the software capabilities of comparing texts for similarity, establishing their identity, and checking uniqueness. In a broad sense, these tasks fall within the area of text identification. In a qualitative (manual) assessment of the similarity of texts, identifying parameters are selected and selected specifically for the text under study. The use of electronic resources is determined by the desire for objectivity of the methods used to establish the identity of texts and the objectivity of the results obtained. Software products also make it possible to establish another, quantitative, characteristic — the degree of similarity of texts to each other or the degree of originality of the text. The work used services whose tasks include 1) comparing the similarity of two texts; 2) calculation of the Levenshtein distance; 3) detection of borrowing. The research material was an excerpt from an interview with Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov. Reverse machine translation texts served as options for comparison with the source text. Reverse machine translation as a translation product is part of artificial intelligence and a model of the process of understanding and interpreting natural language. The results of using the proposed services made it possible to arrange five reverse machine translation options from the most unique text to the text that is most identical to the invariant. The study showed that the programs generally produce similar results, which can be applicable to solving research and applied problems related to establishing the identity and difference of texts. The prospect of the study is to identify lexical parameters that make it possible to classify reverse machine translation texts as the most or least identical with respect to the invariant.

Esengo ya Bosembo ("Joy of Equity"): Development of an Advocacy Video to Reduce Stigma and to Promote Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women Sex Professionals in Pointe-Noire, Congo Republic.

Sex workers experience elevated risks of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) from intimate partners, clients, and community members that harms health and human rights. While SGBV contributes to poorer sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes among sex workers, including elevated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vulnerabilities, stigma targeting sex workers reduces SRH service access and uptake. The Congo Republic is an exemplar context to address stigma toward sex workers. Sex workers' HIV prevalence (8.1%) in Congo Republic is double the national prevalence, yet research indicates that nearly one-fifth (17.2%) of sex workers in Congo Republic avoid health care because of stigma and discrimination. This Resources, Frameworks, & Perspectives article describes the process of developing Esengo ya Bosembo ("Joy of Equity"), a culturally tailored advocacy video that aims to reduce health care and community stigma toward women sex professionals (e.g., sex workers) in Pointe-Noire, Congo Republic. This knowledge translation product stems from a participatory mapping intervention with sex professionals in Pointe-Noire that revealed the need for sensitization tools and activities to reduce sex work stigma among health care providers and community members. The video incorporates three overarching key messages: (1) sex professionals are human beings with equal rights to dignity, protection, and health services; (2) elevated risks of SGBV and stigma targeting sex workers reduce SRH service access and uptake; and (3) participatory mapping is a potential way to empower sex professionals to share their experiences and recommendations for change. This article details how health promotion practitioners and sex professionals may use the video to advocate for change.

Investigating the Metacognitive Strategies During Post-Editing Translation Process: An Application of Think-Aloud Protocols (TAP)

Metacognition, the reflection on thinking processes, plays a crucial role in cognitive activities. This study delves into metacognitive strategies employed during post-editing in the translation process, particularly focusing on English-Indonesian translation through the application of think-aloud protocols (TAP). The investigation encompasses planning, monitoring, and evaluation as interconnected phases of metacognitive strategies. A qualitative case study method is employed, with a university student as the participant. Data analysis involves coding and categorizing using a thematic analysis approach, based on the metacognitive strategies framework. The findings show that the participant employes the components of planning such as evaluate the necessity of post-editing, applied knowledge on the specific post-editing cases, and identified the goal and the necessity for having specific post-editing, the components of monitoring such as using facts and instruction learned previously, making changes for a better translation product, and self-monitoring of progress, and elements of evaluating, such as deep level revising to produce better post-editing, and taking action to collect extra information. Pedagogical implications highlight the potential for enhancing learning experiences and improving translation skills through explicit instruction, modeling and systemic strategy training. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of metacognitive flexibility, cultural influences, and adaptive strategic behavior in post-editing, shaping a roadmap for learners to navigate challenges and continually refine their approach.

Biological Activity of Artificial Plant Peptides Corresponding to the Translational Products of Small ORFs in Primary miRNAs and Other Long "Non-Coding" RNAs.

Generally, lncPEPs (peptides encoded by long non-coding RNAs) have been identified in many plant species of several families and in some animal species. Importantly, molecular mechanisms of the miPEPs (peptides encoded by primary microRNAs, pri-miRNAs) are often poorly understood in different flowering plants. Requirement for the additional studies in these directions is highlighted by alternative findings concerning positive regulation of pri-miRNA/miRNA expression by synthetic miPEPs in plants. Further extensive studies are also needed to understand the full set of their roles in eukaryotic organisms. This review mainly aims to consider the available data on the regulatory functions of the synthetic miPEPs. Studies of chemically synthesized miPEPs and analyzing the fine molecular mechanisms of their functional activities are reviewed. Brief description of the studies to identify lncORFs (open reading frames of long non-coding RNAs) and the encoded protein products is also provided.

Gene expression profiling of vitamin D metabolism enzymes in leukemia and lymphoma patients: molecular aspect interplay of VDR, CYP2R1, and CYP24A1.

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among the Indonesian population, particularly in individuals diagnosed with leukemia-lymphoma. The regulation of vitamin D metabolism is influenced by the expression of several enzymes, such as CYP2R1, CYP24A1, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR). This study aimed to scrutinize the gene expression profiles in both mRNA and protein levels of VDR, CYP2R1, and CYP24A1 in leukemia and lymphoma patients. The research was a cross-sectional study conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) in Jakarta, Indonesia. The study included a total of 45 patients aged over 18years old who have received a diagnosis of lymphoma or leukemia. Vitamin D status was measured by examining serum 25 (OH) D levels. The analysis of VDR, CYP2R1, and CYP24A1 mRNA expression utilized the qRT-PCR method, while protein levels were measured through the ELISA method. The study revealed a noteworthy difference in VDR protein levels between men and women. The highest mean CYP24A1 protein levels were observed in the age group > 60years. This study found a significant, moderately positive correlation between VDR protein levels and CYP24A1 protein levels in the male and vitamin D sufficiency groups. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between VDR mRNA levels and CYP2R1 mRNA levels, VDR mRNA levels and CYP2R1 mRNA levels, and CYP2R1 mRNA levels and CYP24A1 mRNA levels. However, the expression of these genes does not correlate with the protein levels of its mRNA translation products in blood circulation.

The non-template functions of helper virus RNAs create optimal replication conditions to enhance the proliferation of satellite RNAs.

As a type of parasitic agent, satellite RNAs (satRNAs) rely on cognate helper viruses to achieve their replication and transmission. During the infection of satRNAs, helper virus RNAs serve as templates for synthesizing viral proteins, including the replication proteins essential for satRNA replication. However, the role of non-template functions of helper virus RNAs in satRNA replication remains unexploited. Here we employed the well-studied model that is composed of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and its associated satRNA. In the experiments employing the CMV trans-replication system, we observed an unexpected phenomenon the replication proteins of the mild strain LS-CMV exhibited defective in supporting satRNA replication, unlike those of the severe strain Fny-CMV. Independent of translation products, all CMV genomic RNAs could enhance satRNA replication, when combined with the replication proteins of CMV. This enhancement is contingent upon the recruitment and complete replication of helper virus RNAs. Using the method developed for analyzing the satRNA recruitment, we observed a markedly distinct ability of the replication proteins from both CMV strains to recruit the positive-sense satRNA-harboring RNA3 mutant for replication. This is in agreement with the differential ability of both 1a proteins in binding satRNAs in plants. The discrepancies provide a convincing explanation for the variation of the replication proteins of both CMV strains in replicating satRNAs. Taken together, our work provides compelling evidence that the non-template functions of helper virus RNAs create an optimal replication environment to enhance satRNA proliferation.

Genetic Susceptibility, Mendelian Randomization, and Nomogram Model Construction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-complicated disease that poses a risk to maternal and infant health. However, the etiology of the disease has been not yet elucidated. To detect the genetic susceptibility and construct a nomogram model with significantly associated polymorphisms and key clinical indicators for early prediction of GDM. Eleven functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) screened by genome-wide association study were genotyped in 554 GDM cases and 641 healthy controls. Functional analysis of GDM positively associated SNPs, multivariate mendelian randomization (MVMR), and a GDM early predictive nomogram model construction were performed. rs1965211, rs3760675, and rs7814359 were significantly associated with genetic susceptibility to GDM after adjusting age and prepregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI). It seems that GDM-associated SNPs have effects on regulating target gene transcription factor binding, posttranscriptional splicing, and translation product structure. Besides, rs3760675 can be expression quantitative trait loci and increase the XAB2 mRNA expression level (P = .047). The MVMR analysis showed that the increase of clinical variables of BMI, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) had significant causal effects on GDM (BMI-ORMVMR = 1.52, HbA1c-ORMVMR = 1.32, FPG-ORMVMR = 1.78), P < .05. A nomogram model constructed with pre-BMI, FPG, HbA1c, and genotypes of rs1965211, rs3760675, and rs7814359 showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.824. Functional polymorphisms can change women's susceptibility to GDM and the predictive nomogram model based on genetic and environmental factors can effectively distinguish individuals with different GDM risks in early stages of pregnancy.

ZLN005 alleviates PBDE-47 induced impairment of mitochondrial translation and neurotoxicity through PGC-1α/ERRα axis

Recent studies are identified the mitochondria as critical targets of 2, 2′, 4, 4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) induced neurotoxicity. This study aimed at examining the impact of PBDE-47 exposure on mitochondrial translation, and its subsequent effect on PBDE-47 neurotoxicity. The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model and neuroendocrine pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were adopted for the measurements of mitochondrial ATP levels, mitochondrial translation products, and expressions of important mitochondrial regulators, such as required meiotic nuclear division 1 (RMND1), estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α). To delve into the role of PGC-1α/ERRα axis in mitochondrial translation, 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl) benzimidazole (ZLN005) was employed. Both cellular and animal model results shown that PBDE-47 impeded PGC-1α/ERRα axis and mitochondrial translation. PBDE-47 suppressed mitochondrial function in rat hippocampus and PC12 cells by decreasing relative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, mitochondrial translation products, and mitochondrial ATP levels. Particularly, ZLN005 reversed PBDE-47 neurotoxicity by enhancing mitochondrial translation through activation of PGC-1α/ERRα axis, yet suppressing PGC-1α with siRNA attenuates its neuroprotective effect in vitro. In conclusion, this work highlights the importance of mitochondrial translation in PBDE-47 neurotoxicity by presenting results from cellular and animal models and suggests a potential therapeutic approach through activation of PGC-1α/ERRα axis. Environmental implicationPBDEs have attracted extensive attention because of their high lipophilicity, persistence, and detection levels in various environmental media. Increasing evidence has shown that neurodevelopmental disorders in children are associated with PBDE exposure. Several studies have also found that perinatal PBDE exposure can cause long-lasting neurobehavioral abnormalities in experimental animals. Our recent studies have also demonstrated the impact of PBDE-47 exposure on mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, leading to memory and neurobehavioral deficits. Therefore, we explore whether the pathological mechanism of PBDE-47-induced neurotoxicity involves the regulation of mitochondrial translation through the PGC-1α/ERRα axis.

Hox gene–specific cellular targeting using split intein Trojan exons

The Trojan exon method, which makes use of intronically inserted T2A-Gal4 cassettes, has been widely used in Drosophila to create thousands of gene-specific Gal4 driver lines. These dual-purpose lines provide genetic access to specific cell types based on their expression of a native gene while simultaneously mutating one allele of the gene to enable loss-of-function analysis in homozygous animals. While this dual use is often an advantage, the truncation mutations produced by Trojan exons are sometimes deleterious in heterozygotes, perhaps by creating translation products with dominant negative effects. Such mutagenic effects can cause developmental lethality as has been observed with genes encoding essential transcription factors. Given the importance of transcription factors in specifying cell type, alternative techniques for generating specific Gal4 lines that target them are required. Here, we introduce a modified Trojan exon method that retains the targeting fidelity and plug-and-play modularity of the original method but mitigates its mutagenic effects by exploiting the self-splicing capabilities of split inteins. "Split Intein Trojan exons" (siTrojans) ensure that the two truncation products generated from the interrupted allele of the native gene are trans-spliced to create a full-length native protein. We demonstrate the efficacy of siTrojans by generating a comprehensive toolkit of Gal4 and Split Gal4 lines for the segmentally expressed Hox transcription factors and illustrate their use in neural circuit mapping by targeting neurons according to their position along the anterior-posterior axis. Both the method and the Hox gene-specific toolkit introduced here should be broadly useful.