Translation Of Text Research Articles

Politics in translating Utopia in China: a case study of Dai Liuling’s three versions

When examining the dissemination of Thomas More’s Utopia in China, it is imperative to recognize the pivotal role played by a specific translator, Dai Liuling, who facilitated an unprecedented proliferation and readership of the work in the Chinese context. Dai’s translation of Utopia exists three distinct versions: 1956, 1982, and 1997. The 1956 version represents Dai’s initial translation, which was followed by a retranslation in 1982. Due to the popularity of the 1982 version in mainland China, it was subsequently re-editioned in Taiwan in 1997, with modifications to the paratextual section. Through a meticulous analysis of these three versions, with a specific focus on the evolution of paratexts and textual translation, we can observe how Dai’s translations of Utopia were intricately influenced by the political-ideological contexts. Simultaneously, an examination of Dai’s translations can elucidate the trajectory of Utopia’s dissemination in China.

Ancient Text Translation Model Optimized with GujiBERT and Entropy-SkipBERT

To cope with the challenges posed by the complex linguistic structure and lexical polysemy in ancient texts, this study proposes a two-stage translation model. First, we combine GujiBERT, GCN, and LSTM to categorize ancient texts into historical and non-historical categories. This categorization lays the foundation for the subsequent translation task. To improve the efficiency of word vector generation and reduce the limitations of the traditional Word2Vec model, we integrated the entropy weight method in the hopping lattice training process and spliced the word vectors with GujiBERT. This improved method improves the efficiency of word vector generation and enhances the model’s ability to accurately represent lexical polysemy and grammatical structure in ancient documents through dependency weighting. In training the translation model, we used a different dataset for each text category, significantly improving the translation accuracy. Experimental results show that our categorization model improves the accuracy by 5% compared to GujiBERT. In contrast, the Entropy-SkipBERT improves the BLEU scores by 0.7 and 0.4 on historical and non-historical datasets. Ultimately, the proposed two-stage model improves the BLEU scores by 2.7 over the baseline model.

Readers have to work harder to understand a badly translated text: an eye-tracking study into the effects of translation errors

ABSTRACT Texts are translated to be read and provide access to otherwise inaccessible information or experiences. Scant empirical interest in how translations are read and received by readers is surprising in the context of our knowledge about the features of translations, and the systematic ways in which they differ from originally written texts. In this paper, we explore the impact of translation quality on the reading experience by analysing the cognitive effort involved in reading and text comprehension. Two groups of participants (n = 64) were eye-tracked as they read either a low-quality translation (with errors) or a high-quality translation (without errors) of the same source text. Overall, the errors contributed to longer dwell time when reading the entire text but did not significantly affect the participants’ comprehension scores. A more in-depth analysis of the impact of translation errors on the reading experience shows that it depends on the amount of confusion errors cause to the reader when building a coherent model of the entire text.

Hippology Between Indic and Persianate Textual Traditions: The Śalihotra of Gulbarga

Abstract This article looks at the translation of Indian sources on horses in the Persianate culture of South Asia. Horses were an essential tool of Muslim armies and their military hegemony in South Asia. In the regional sultanates, local rulers competed in making Indian sources on hippology available in the Persian language. This contribution focuses on the Tarjoma-ye Sālutar (The Translation of Śalihotra, 1407–8), a translation of an Indian text on hippology produced in Gulbarga for Ahmad I Shāh Vali (r. 1422–35). The Tarjoma-ye Sālutar was rendered into Persian by ʿAbdollāh b. Safi via an intermediate translation in a vernacular language made by a local scholar named Durgadāsa. The use of intermediate translations has often been considered a practice that developed at the court of the Mughal emperor Akbar (r. 1556–1605). Yet the method of translation used for the Tarjoma-ye Sālutar shows that this practice goes back to the Sultanate period. This article explores the contents of the book, including sections dealing with omens taken from horses and veterinary medicine. Furthermore, it explores the way translated materials were adapted to render them more suitable for the new Muslim readership.

A deep learning-based intelligent method for mining sentiment words in English translation texts

Abstract The current conventional sentiment lexicon mining methods mainly achieve lexical extraction by mining the sentiment features of words, which leads to poor mining effect due to the lack of building sentiment lexicon. In this regard, the intelligent mining method of sentiment lexicon of English translation text based on deep learning is proposed, and the intelligent mining algorithm is optimized by extracting lexical templates with generality, constructing sentiment lexicon, and building convolutional network to extract lexical features. In the experiments, the mining performance of the proposed method is verified. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the mining method is above 80%, which is higher than the other algorithms. The above results show that the proposed method has a more ideal effect in mining the emotional vocabulary of English translated text.

Frihet under ansvar? Bibelöversättning som institutionell praktik

In this paper, I discuss the relationship between structure and agency in institutional translation. My case is a Swedish retranslation of the biblical texts commenced in 1972. Against the background of the directives issued to the translators, and through a case study of how three Old Testament texts were translated by the team, I argue that the team members bypassed certain aspects of the directives. This, however, was not primarily because they exercised their individual agency, but because they collectively related their work to the abstract institution of biblical studies, which can be conceived of as a belief system which structured the interpretation and translation of the biblical texts. The case is hereby discussed to critically assess the relationship between agency and structure, and to suggest a non-binary way of understanding the relationship between the two.

Practical course in professionally oriented interpretation: Chinese language in preparing senior students of non-linguistic universities for professional activities

Introduction. Author's materials - texts and exercises for the new textbook "Chinese in the field of professionally oriented interpretation" are an innovative methodological means of organizing the educational process, allowing for an effective process of teaching transformational techniques of translation from Chinese into Russian and from Russian into Chinese. The purpose of the work is to develop effective methodological materials for teaching types of consecutive interpreting and written translation activities to students of non-linguistic universities based on authentic materials and test their effectiveness with a pedagogical experiment in the framework of preparing the textbook “Practical course of professionally oriented interpretation: Chinese language” for publication. Materials and methods. The experiment took place in two non-linguistic universities: on the basis of the scientific and educational center “East-West” at the department of “International Relations and Regional Studies” of the Novosibirsk State Technical University as part of translation courses. The study involved third- and fourth-year students with basic knowledge of the Chinese language (N=70). To test the effectiveness of using materials for publishing a practice-oriented textbook, participants in the experiment worked on new materials developed by the authors. Students in the control group studied by the traditional method. The objects of control were four types of translation activities: written translation of text from Chinese into Russian; written translation from Russian into Chinese, volume; consecutive interpreting of sentences from Chinese into Russian and oral consecutive interpretation of sentences from Russian into Chinese. Data analysis was performed using Student's t-test. Research results. It was revealed that the author's materials and the sequence of exercises developed for publication in the textbook have proven their effectiveness in the formation and development of skills in various types of translation. Translation of written text from Chinese into Russian (450 characters/hour) (t=2,33; p<0,01), translation of written text from Russian into Chinese (1000 characters/hour) (t=2,69; p<0,004), consecutive interpreting of sentences from Russian into Chinese (400 characters) (t=2,60 at p<0,006). At the same time, statistical analysis of the data did not confirm the improvement in indicators for the development of skills in consecutive interpreting of sentences from Chinese into Russian (250 characters) (t=1,41; p<0,07), which can be explained by the fact that students are proficient in non-linguistic universities with translation skills at an average level by the beginning of a pedagogical experiment within the framework of a verifiable lexical and grammatical transformation of the source material. Conclusion. The obtained results can be used in developing methods for teaching translation skills using original exercises to students of non-linguistic universities.

Multi-Agent Approach to Political Discourse Translation: From Large Language Models to MAGIC-PTF System

This research addresses the automated translation of Chinese political discourse into Russian utilizing Large Language Model (LLM) optimization technologies and a multi-agent approach. The study focuses on developing the MAGIC-PTF system, which implements multi-stage text processing through the interaction of four specialized agents. The system's key component is the Style Agent, which ensures stylistic uniformity and terminological accuracy based on a specifically trained LLM. The Translator Agent performs the primary translation work and is responsible for the final text formatting. The Editor Agent conducts multi-level verification and correction of translations, considering linguistic, semantic, and cultural aspects. The Reader Agent analyzes the text from the target audience's perspective, evaluating its reception by native Russian speakers. The methodology integrates LLM optimization technologies and a multi-agent approach, with experimental testing conducted on the fourth volume of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China" and its official Russian translation. The study includes a comprehensive analysis of system effectiveness using the COMET metric and comparative testing with existing machine translation platforms. The research's scientific novelty lies in developing a methodology for applying LLMs to specialized translation tasks and creating an effective coordination mechanism for intelligent agents in the translation process. Experimental research demonstrated MAGIC-PTF's superiority over traditional machine translation systems in key parameters: terminological accuracy, stylistic consistency, and preservation of culture-specific elements in political discourse. The developed system opens new possibilities for automated translation of political discourse and can be adapted for translating other specialized text types, confirming its significance for modern translation technology development. Of particular value is the system's scalability and adaptability to various language pairs and discourse types, creating prospects for further development in automated specialized text translation. The research findings also contribute to advancing the theory and practice of LLM application in professional translation.

«Слово на погребенïи честныя жены» Симеона Полоцкого в контексте «образцовых» погребальных проповедей XVII века

The study attempts to investigate sources and the so-called “library resource” or texts that were used by Simeon Polotskij for the funeral sample sermon “Slovo ma pogrebenii chestnyia zheny” (“Sermon for the funeral of an honourable woman”) from sermon’s collection “Vecherya Dushevnaia” (“Spiritual Evening Meal”), 1683. The study confirms existed in the literature disparate observations about the significant commonality of the sources of inspiration and factual material of Simeon’s sermon collections and his poetic encyclopaedia “Vertograd mnogotsvetnyi” (“A Garden of Many Flowers”; poetry sources identified by Anthony Hippisley); in particular, that in both cases Simeon used Latin collections of annual sermons by Bavarian Jesuit Matthias Faber (1586(87)–1653). The study analyses techniques of translation and transposition of the Latin text used by Simeon; notes errors made in the process of working with Faber's sermon that distort the attribution of certain quotations; identifies cases of Simeon's use of Latin winged phrases. The analysis of genry features of Simeon’ “Slova ma pogrebenii chestnyia zheny” in the context of the funeral sample sermons for women in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 17th C. (homiletic collections by Protestant theologian Samuel Dambrowski, 1577–1625, and Polish Jesuit Aleksander Lorencowicz, 1609–1675) showed that the preachers’ funeral sample sermons were often universal and could be used for both “women’s” and “men’s” sermons, depending on the situation.

An Introduction to the Difficulties in Translating Sacred Texts

Religious translation contributes significantly to the development of translation as a subject. In the field of religious translation, the most frequently translated documents are sacred texts since sacred texts are central to a religion. However, due to complicated and sensitive cultural elements sacred texts contain, the translating processes of any sacred texts are filled with difficulties. To produce more adequate translation of sacred texts, the potential difficulties are ought to be studied and understood. This article will introduce the major difficulties in translating sacred texts and, briefly discuss current methods utilized in sacred text translation, and provide suggestions. Contents will be provided in the following order: reasons for translating sacred texts (introduction), linguistic difficulties in the sacred text translation, religious issues in the sacred text translation, current translation method of the sacred text, and conclusion with suggestions on the potential methods of sacred text translation depending on a translation’s target audiences.

A Study Comparing the Advertising Language Ability of ChatGPT-4o and Kimi in the Translation Beauty Industry

This paper explores the ability of ChatGPT-4o and Kimi to translate advertising slogans for different beauty brands. Both AI tools are translated with the ICIO framework and the same background knowledge supplement. Through the comparison of the results of translation, research find out the similarities and differences between the two types of AI translation. Translation can be judged in terms of coherence, the communication of its emotion, and whether it reflects the deep. And the combination of the advantages of human translation and machine translation will provide more accurate and insightful translations in the future. By setting up questionnaires and interviews, the research can explore the similarities and differences between the two AI tools to translate specific text with more “humanized” characteristics in the future and improve the translation level of text translation. At the same time, this study still has some limitations in the selection and classification of advertising languages, and future studies can further explore the methods of translating domain-specific texts and promote the improvement of translation quality.

An Analysis of English Translation of The Book of Poetry from the Perspective of Feminist Translation Theory

The Book of Poetry is the earliest collection of poems in China, reflecting the ancient social life of 2,500 to 3,000 years ago, which is a microcosm of the society at that time, and also an important work for the study of female consciousness in the years during the Book of Poetry. Feminist translation theory is the combination of translation theory and culture, which emphasizes the translator’s intervention in the text, which is of great significance to the text translation with bright feminist color. This paper takes the translated texts of Xu Yuanchong and James Legge as the research object, makes a comparison between the two English versions of the Book of Poetry under the guidance of feminist translation theory, analyzes the embodiment of feminist consciousness in the two versions, for the purpose of exploring how feminist translators’ self-consciousness plays a specific role in translation practice, and how the two translators use the strategies in the theory to intervene the translations.

Gerakan Perubahan (Renaissence) Oleh Dinasti Umayyah II (Islam di Andalusia) Terhadap Berkembangnya Intelektual dan Kebudayaan di Eropa

The second period of the Umayyad dynasty, known as the Andalusian Umayyads, had a significant influence on the development of European civilization in the Middle Ages. After the fall of Damascus, this dynasty continued its rule in the Iberian Peninsula with its center in Cordoba. This article aims to analyze the influence of the Umayyad Dynasty II on Europe, especially in the fields of science, art, architecture and cross-cultural relations. The research method used in this article is a literature review, where literature study is a method that involves collecting, evaluating and synthesizing existing literature to answer research questions or understand a particular topic comprehensively. According to Danial and Warsiah, Literary Studies is research carried out by researchers by collecting a number of books and magazines related to research problems and objectives. The findings show that the Umayyad Dynasty in Andalusia not only contributed to the spread of Islamic knowledge, such as astronomy, medicine, and mathematics, but also became a catalyst for the development of science in Europe through intellectual transfer and translation of scientific texts. Apart from that, the architectural style promoted by the Umayyad II Dynasty played a role in the formation of European architectural styles, especially the Gothic and Romanesque styles. Through cultural interactions, the Umayyad II Dynasty introduced irrigation techniques, agriculture, and government systems that inspired European nations. The results of this study underline the importance of the influence of Islamic civilization in Andalusia in the development of European science and culture, which later became the foundation for the Renaissance.

Present Status of Dalit Writings in Haryanvi Society: Issues and Scope of Translation

The present paper intends to explore the underlying issues blocking the ways of Regional Dalit texts in India, particularly in Haryanvi society. The non-availability of translations of texts like those got appreciated by the literary critics of the regional as well as national level but found no way to come to the level of other regional works in India like the Marathi, Punjabi, Tamil, and other regional languages. The paper will discern the socio-cultural issues in the translation of Dalit texts apart from the practical issues like commercialization, publishing endeavors, and academic indifference towards the translation of the regional texts discussing Dalit perspectives in the current scenario.

Finding the human in an era of machine intelligence: A flat ontological analysis of generative AI and language learning

Amid the optimism of generative Artificial Intelligence (gen-AI) in language education, there remains a weak connection to learning practices. The emergence of gen-AI has preceded considerations of how it should be applied in teaching and learning. However, while gen-AI has been justified in terms of the possibilities to enhance learner agency by expanding opportunities to engage with language, such as through the generation of content or the translation of texts, it can also take power away from learners. How can learners be self-determining in light of how choices become increasingly guided by Artificial Intelligence? In this paper, I conceive the arrangements of humans and software as an assemblage of complex and dynamic social, and technical processes. Drawing on a flat ontology, where all agents (human and non-human, material and subjective) have equal ontological status, I argue that learner agency has its origins in the messy and lively interactions between heterogenous actors. In particular, I consider active and passive affects as being part of the same process: active when we bring something into effect ourselves, passive when our self-determination is changed not by our own power, but through external forces acting on it (such as gen-AI). From this, I explore the constraining and enabling potential of artificial intelligence. Finally, I extend this discussion to the emergence of learner agency.

Enhanced BERT-based Multi-Head Self-Attention Transformer for Transformation of Marathi Text to Marathi Sign Language Gloss

One recent advancement in the field of machine learning is the translation of text into sign language gloss, which is a form of natural language for the deaf community. The work presented is a new method to translate Marathi text to Marathi sign language gloss by combining salient features of Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer (BERT) for tokenization and complementing the tokenized frame with Encoder with Attention mechanism and decoding with the LSTM decoder. The work conducted experiments on the created corpora of Marathi text and Marathi sign language gloss sentence pairs. The experiments that employed three models show that the suggested model performs better than the existing approaches. The results show that the translation of Marathi text to sign gloss achieves improved performances with an accuracy of 91.5% and the BLEU scores BLEU-1: 85, BLEU-2: 75, BLEU-3: 65, and BLEU-4: 57.

Translating official documents: an art of governance by translation in the Qing dynasty

State governance is, in many ways, a discursive practice that relies on the creation, translation, and transmission of governance-oriented texts. The act of governance by translation typically occurs in multi-ethnic, multilingual, and unified political contexts. When translation adheres to established patterns and effective regimes, it forms a governance technique known as “translation governmentality.” In the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), confronted with the challenge of governing a vast territory with diverse ethnic groups speaking different languages, the Qing authorities prioritized the translation of official documents to implement this translation governmentality. Despite its significance, a comprehensive overview of official document translation in the Qing dynasty within the framework of governance by translation has not received sufficient attention. This study employs documentary analysis to understand the historical contexts of official document translations, interpret the motivations behind these translations, and reconstruct the organized regimes of translation practices in the Qing period. The findings reveal that the Qing dynasty developed a relatively organized and mature translation regime for official documents by establishing translation agencies, appointing specialized translation officials, and adopting multilingual translation modes. This governance-oriented translation regime effectively shaped the core concepts, institutional systems, and organizational mechanisms of state governance in the Qing dynasty. Additionally, it contributed to establishing the legitimacy of state governance during that era.

Research on Intelligent Mining Algorithm of English Translation Text Big Data Based on Deep Learning

This paper explores the translation of English texts by a deep learning algorithm, which aims to intelligently extract relevant records from a large corpus of English-translated texts, especially its shortcomings in processing difficult texts and dealing with long-term dependencies. This research integrates the modern long short-term memory (LSTM) network framework, with the aim of improving the accuracy and processing efficiency of the translation. Using a large number of experimental facts, these LSTM models are comprehensively learned and rigorously optimized. The traditional approach is to adapt the style to the language-specific properties of the translated text, and then use a bunch of evaluation metrics to evaluate the overall performance of the model across a large number of text types. The results of this study show that the method significantly speeds up the extraction and processing of information while maintaining the integrity at the translation level. In addition, the study reveals deep learning models’ ability to recognize complex contextual nuances and subtle formulations of language expression. The results of this research are multifaceted, bringing great improvements to device translation structures and facilitating the development of state-of-the-art text content analysis tools. These advances apply primarily to sectors of considerable statistical volume and complexity, including the criminal, scientific, and technological fields. Therefore, this study lays a foundation for future exploration of improving device understanding of language and automation of translation methods in various professional fields.

Study on an Intelligent English Translation Method Using an Improved Convolutional Neural Network Model

This study uses an enhanced convolutional neural network (CNN) model for English translation. Traditional translation methods often struggle with complex language structures, prompting the adoption of deep learning techniques, particularly CNNs, in natural language processing. The research outlines CNN fundamentals and their relevance in language processing, elucidating the design and implementation of an improved CNN model. To address CNN limitations in maintaining coherence during the translation of lengthy texts, historical attention mechanisms are incorporated to enhance translation performance. Experimental validation conducted in MATLAB demonstrates notable improvements in translation task performance, evidenced by significant increases in BLEU scores. Results highlight the model's capacity to integrate contextual information, thereby enhancing translation coherence and accuracy. Additionally, the study establishes a mathematical framework for augmenting CNNs with attention mechanisms, providing valuable insights for the development of intelligent English translation systems.

Recreating the Poetics of the Landscape of the Asya Novel by I. S. Turgenev in the Kyrgyz Language

The subject of this study is the Kyrgyz text of the translation of the Asya story and its original. The article uses the method of comparative analysis to compare the style of the Asya story by I. S. Turgenev with his translation into the Kyrgyz language, carried out by professional translator Murzabek Omurzakov, in the aspect of recreating landscape sketches. The purpose of the study is to identify stylistic deviations of the translation text from the original and evaluate the transformation of epithets and lexemes denoting natural phenomena. As a result of the study, it is determined that the artistic originality of the original is not adequately reflected in the translation, and deviations from the stylistic features of the original are identified. Frequent repetitions are indicated, which reduced the beauty and poetry of the original narrative. Also, as a result of the analysis, the attitude of the author of the translation is revealed, which led to the substitution of concepts and epithets; a number of verbs with the meaning of the attribute are weakened and are not reproduced. It was also possible to find out how to convey such aspects of the landscape in the Kyrgyz language as the reflection of light and color shades. The author of the translation, using equivalent lexemes, recreates with maximum accuracy the poetics of the landscape as an artistic form. The results obtained have practical significance in teaching Russian literature courses at schools and universities.