Italian Translation Research Articles

The Self-Compassion Scale Short Form for Children Aged 8–12: Validation of the Italian Version

Background: Although self-compassion has been consistently linked to positive outcomes in adults and adolescents, only a few studies have explored self-compassion in children and early adolescents due to a lack of measures specifically designed for younger populations. Methods: The current study explored the psychometric properties of the Italian translation of the Self-Compassion Scale for Children (SCS-C) in a sample of 230 children (mean age = 10.52, SD = 1.33). Results: The results revealed a two-factor solution for our data, with a positive self-compassion factor and a negative self-compassion factor, which were shown to be internally consistent. The SCS-C scores correlated with the children’s mindfulness, self-esteem, and narcissistic traits in the assumed directions. Conclusions: Overall, our study preliminarily supports the reliability and validity of the Italian version of the SCS-C.

‘A Tragedie Written in Greeke’: How Jocasta was Made ‘Classical’

Critics often take for granted that Dolce’s Italian translation of a Latin version of Euripides’s Phoenician Women provided Gascoigne and Kinwelmersh with a ready example for composing a ‘classical’ drama for an English Renaissance audience. However, the choice of an Italian play with a Greek story for the performance of the first Greek tragedy in England at Gray’s Inn in 1566 remains a sidelined question. This article argues that one reason for their choice of Dolce’s play resides in his treatment of the Euripidean material in ways that attuned it to contemporary dramaturgical as well as cultural and political circumstances while scattering signposts throughout, suggesting belongingness to classical antiquity. One of these features was the female lament shared by the chorus and Antigone in the last act, which, while absent from Euripides, was a model that could be recognized as Euripidean and, more broadly, Greek.

Italian translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and the Stroke Upper Limb Capacity Scale (SULCS) for individuals post-stroke.

This study aims to culturally adapt and validate the Stroke Upper Limb Capacity Scale (SULCS) and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) for use with post-stroke patients in Italy. The original scales were translated and culturally adapted following the "Translation and Cultural Adaptation of Patient Reported Outcomes Measures - Principles of Good Practice" guidelines. We assessed internal consistency and test-retest reliability, while concurrent validity was evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients with the Italian version of the Disability Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH). A total of 56 participants were recruited for the study. The Italian versions of the scales demonstrated excellent stability and reliability both within and between raters. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.904 for SULCS and 0.998 for ARAT, indicating strong internal consistency among items. The interclass correlation coefficients were 0.998 (95% C.I.: 0.993-0.990) for inter-rater reliability and 0.987 (95% C.I.: 0.984-0.995) for intra-rater reliability for SULCS, and 0.998 (95% C.I.: 0.999-0.996) for inter-rater reliability and 0.992 (95% C.I.: 0.998-0.987) for intra-rater reliability for ARAT. Both scales exhibit robust validity and reliability, making them valuable tools for clinical assessment and functional evaluation of upper limb capacity in post-stroke patients. We recommend the integration of the ARAT and SULCS into initial patient assessments and ongoing monitoring to enhance rehabilitation outcomes.

The Adaptation of French Comedy Before Italian Unification: A Study and Observations on the Italian Transposition of Eugène Scribe

Abstract In terms of theatrical experience, the Italian nineteenth century is a special case on the European scene. The activity of dramatic writing and the scenic realization of the peninsula depend on French dramaturgy and Parisian repertoires. With this contribution, and thanks to a small corpus of fifteen unpublished texts from the 1830s, I propose to analyse the manuscripts of the Italian translations of Eugène Scribe’s work. We will examine the linguistic, cultural and structural interventions practised by the actress-adaptor Gaetana Rosa in her Italian translation for the Compagnia Reale Sarda. We will discover that the constraints imposed by the geopolitical context and the economic constraints of the theatre strongly influence the translation process and the evolution of prose in Italy.

Self-translation and/or Rewriting. The translingual journey of Alba de Céspedes, from Sans autre lieu que la nuit to Nel buio della notte

Abstract De Céspedes’ work is characterized by a complex linguistic mosaic, culminating in the last twenty years with the experimental novel Sans autre lieu que la nuit, influenced by 1970s Italian narrative and set in Paris. The novel’s French, rich in various registers, required extensive adaptation for the Italian translation Nel buio della notte. The article analyses the translation strategies and narrative devices used to adapt the novel to Italian culture, highlighting the differences between the two works.

The Italian Reception of John Dewey's Art as Experience

Abstract My aim in this article is to briefly reconstruct the reception of Dewey's Art as Experience and more generally of his aesthetics in Italy. In order to do so, my contribution will be divided into three parts, corresponding to the three editions that Dewey's book has had in Italy. In the first part, I will trace the early influences and the debate with Benedetto Croce, showing the “idealistic encirclement” suffered by Dewey's aesthetics, which led to the first Italian translation of Dewey's book in 1951. In the second part, I will trace the influence of Dewey's aesthetics from 1951 to 2006, showing first the Marxist and Catholic critiques, then the first tentative attempts at a reinterpretation outside the idealist domain, and finally the second edition of Art as Experience in Italy 1995. The third part considers the renaissance of Dewey's aesthetics in Italy after Giovanni Matteucci's new translation in 2006 and Luigi Russo's work in 2007. The article concludes with a brief consideration of Dewey's significance for the contemporary Italian aesthetic debate and an attempt to identify a specific Italian interpretation of Dewey's aesthetics that can be traced in the effort to bring Dewey into dialogue with other authors of the modern aesthetic tradition.

Repeated reporting verbs in English novels and their Italian and Polish translations: A preliminary multifactorial study

Repeated reporting verbs in English novels and their Italian and Polish translations: A preliminary multifactorial study

Translation and psychometric properties of an Italian version of the Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2 (BAOS-2)

The 13-item Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2 (BAOS-2) measures generalised perceptions of body acceptance by others. Here, we examined the psychometric properties of a novel Italian translation of the BAOS-2. Studies 1 (N = 401) and 2 (N = 393) supported a unidimensional model of the Italian BAOS-2 with all 13 items retained through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. Study 2 also supported measurement invariance of the Italian BAOS-2 across gender identity, with the gender difference in observed scores not reaching significance. In Study 3 (N = 365), we supported the construct validity of the Italian BAOS-2. Specifically, we found evidence of convergent validity (significant associations with indices of positive body image), criterion-related validity (significant associations with pressure to conform to appearance ideals and psychological well-being), and incremental validity (body acceptance predicted body appreciation over-and-above appearance-related pressure). These results suggest that the psychometric properties of the Italian BAOS-2 are robust and that this instrument can be confidently utilised in future research with Italian adults.

Italian Evaluation and Excellence in REMS (ITAL-EE-REMS): appropriate placement of forensic patients in REMS forensic facilities

BackgroundWe set out to assess the appropriateness of current placement of mentally disordered offenders allocated by the courts in Italy to REMS or to forensic community residences. We hypothesised that as in other countries, the match between a standardised assessment and the decision of the court would be imperfect.MethodsThe DUNDRUM Toolkit was translated into Italian. The translation had good psychometric properties. In order to compare the current level of therapeutic security with a calculated safest current placement, we compared the DUNDRUM-1 triage security assessment of need for therapeutic security prior to treatment, with evidence for progress made in treatment (DUNDRUM-3) and forensic recovery (DUNDRUM-4). The more conservative of these two would be taken as the safe current level of need for therapeutic security.ResultsThe Italian translation of the DUNDRUM Toolkit had good internal consistency and mean scores had a Reliable Change Index less than one unit. 3.7% of those in REMS (medium security) were assessed as needing high security and 38% were ready to move to a less secure place. In low secure places, 56% were assessed as needing a higher level of therapeutic security and 6% could have moved to open non-secure places.ConclusionsThe Italian translation of the DUNDRUM Toolkit allows an assessment of the current working of the model of care for forensic psychiatry following the reforms of 2015. Most patients are safely placed. A small but important proportion needed high secure places that are not currently available. (3.7% of 604 nationally, 95% Confidence Interval 1.2% to 8.4%, 7 to 50). A greater use of such measures would enable better health gains and safer outcomes.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06018298 Unique Protocol ID: ITAL-EE-REMS.

Translation and validation in Italian of the methotrexate intolerance severity score for children and adults with arthritis.

Methotrexate (MTX) is the most used drug to treat children and adults with arthritis and its use is burdened by adverse effects. The MTX intolerance severity score (MISS) was developed in English to identify patients who are intolerant to MTX. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the MISS in Italian. The Italian version of the MISS was developed following the "guidelines for process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-reported measures". The Italian version of the MISS was validated in 125 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) followed at the Rheumatology Unit of Bambino Gesù Children Hospital. We assessed the construct validity and calculated the internal consistency of the Italian MISS. We performed ROC analysis to assess the overall performance of the Italian MISS. We translated and adapted the MISS to the Italian language. The Italian MISS showed a very good internal consistency as shown by a Cronbach α of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84-0.90) and a composite reliability of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.83-0.91).The Cohen's κ was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.71-0.91), suggesting a very good construct validity. The ROC analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.93-0.99). A threshold of 6 to define intolerant patients, showed a sensitivity of 98.3% and specificity of 81.2%. We developed the Italian version of the MISS and showed its validity and reliability to identify patients intolerant to MTX in clinical practice and in a research setting.

Reliability and validity of the Italian version of the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities in children with cerebral palsy.

The Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD™) questionnaire is a reliable indirect indicator of functional, health status and quality of life in children with severe Cerebral Palsy (CP), as well as the caregiving burden. The aim of the study is to validate the Italian translation of Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD™) questionnaire and assess its reliability and validity. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The study involved 60 caregivers of children with CP, classified according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I-V. There was a self-compilation of the CPCHILD™ by primary caregivers during the clinical visit and a re-administration of the questionnaire 2-3 weeks after the first to a defined sample (N.=30, GMFCS IV-V). The Italian version of CPCHILD™'s psychometric properties were evaluated through internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity analyses. The translated CPCHILD™ questionnaire showed excellent test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient - ICC=0.97) across most sections, with significant construct validity, differentiating well between the various GMFCS levels. The internal consistency was robust (Cronbach's alpha=0.852) except for the health section. The face validity indicated high relevance of the questionnaire items to the caregivers, particularly in emotional well-being and social interaction. The Italian version of CPCHILD™ questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the quality of life in children with severe CP, offering insights into the care burden and health status impacts perceived by caregivers.

«Kannst du’s wohl mit geschloßnen Augen denken?». La semantica del vedere nelle traduzioni italiane della «Pentesilea» di Kleist

Starting from the centrality of the part played by the eye in Kleist’s work and, in particular, in Penthesilea, I propose to investigate how this field emerges from the Italian translations of the work. Supported by the instruments of Textsemantik (Greimas) and Texttheatralität (Poschmann) and following the comparative method (Utz), particularly significant passages from the tragedy are analysed which, in the light of this theme, pose interesting questions related to isotopy and can illuminate the differences between the translations.

Marina Tsvetaeva’s Poem «An Attempt at Jealousy»: a Comparative Analysis of Three Italian Translations

The aim of the paper is to analyse the translation strategies of three Italian translators (Pietro Antonio Zveteremich, Serena Vitale, Marilena Rea) who at different times addressed Marina Tsvetaeva’s poem «An Attempt at Jealousy». First of all, they considered the peculiarities of conveying the semantic potential of the text as expressed by lexical items. Translation is an arduous combination of meaning (implication of meanings) and structure (speech expression, Tsvetaeva’s original syntax, rhymes, alliteration, etc.). The aim of a translation strategy is to convey the meaning of the original text as appropriately as possible, although it is not easy to convey the rich metaphors and the «twists» and «distortions» of Tsvetaeva’s syntax in another language. The conclusion is that in all three translations the general meaning of Tsvetaeva’s poem has been preserved. Moreover, Vitale and Rea’s versions convey the significant sound component of Tsvetaeva’s texts. If Zveteremich’s translation strategy can be called a «formalist translation», Vitale and Rea’s translations convey not only the literal meaning of the original, but also the «subtext» (i.e. carry out an artistic and aesthetic function).

Self-Reported Foot and Ankle Score: Italian Translation, Validation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation

Self-Reported Foot and Ankle Score: Italian Translation, Validation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation

Reading for Poetry: Memory, Imagination, and the Layout of Prose Boethius Translation in Late Medieval England and Italy

Abstract: Boethius's Consolation of Philosophy was among the many Latin texts translated for growing vernacular readerships in France, England, and Italy in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. But the Consolation presents a special challenge for both translators and scribes, for all-prose translation flattens the formal variety of Boethius's original Latin prosimetrum. How do scribes negotiate between the form of all-prose translation and the form of the original text? In one copy of Chaucer's English Boece (Cambridge, Cambridge University Library MS Ii.1.38) and in two manuscripts of Italian Boethius translations (Florence, Biblioteca Riccardiana MS 1003 and Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana Reginensis Lat. 1971), prose translations of Boethius's meters are laid out as if they were verse. This essay discusses how, in CUL Ii.1.38, book one meter one of the Consolation is treated as non-metrical verse on the model of the Latin Psalter. It then turns to the Italian tradition to explore how the layout of translated meters is involved in the movement of vernacular translation from the margins to the center of the page. Throughout, it argues that these manuscripts create space for readers to approach prose translation as if it were poetry and to perceive the form of these translations though the memory of the Latin prosimetrum. These manuscripts suggest how form might emerge through a collaboration between the words of the text, their material instantiation, and the memory and imagination of readers.

Italian translation, cultural adaptation and pilot testing of Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT 3.1) in pediatric cancer.

Experiences related to pediatric oncology diagnosis cause great imbalances within the family structure. Assessing the frailties and needs of families and children with cancer from a psychosocial perspective is an important step in providing appropriate pediatric psychology care. The aim of this study was to develop an Italian translation of the last version of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool questionnaire (PAT 3.1) and to pilot-test it among pediatric oncological families. The guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures were followed. Specifically, two independent forward translations were produced, followed by a reconciliation step by a multidisciplinary expert committee and back-translation. Revision of the original text and all translations were performed by the expert committee leading to a final version, which was pilot-tested by cognitive debriefing on five families. Subsequently, the final Italian PAT 3.1 version was approved. The Italian version of the PAT 3.1 generated in the present study is a useful instrument to examine the psychosocial risk of the families with a child with cancer. This instrument will be a valuable tool for future clinical trials and it will help clinicians to target specific pediatric psychology support intervention. The questionnaire will be further validated through a multicenter Italian study on psychosocial screening of pediatric oncology and pediatric general diseases.

LYMPH-Q translation, cultural adaptation and validation in Italian language: A prospective PROMs-based study on breast cancer-related arm lymphedema for patients’ education

BackgroundUpper Extremity Lymphedema following oncological breast surgery affects not only the patient's physique, but also the patient's psychological sphere. One of the best known PROMs-based questionnaires for investigating the condition is the LYMPH-Q. The study aimed to perform the Italian translation and cultural adaptation of the LYMPH-Q and to assess if, independently from disease evolution, arm sleeve improves QoL in these patients. Materials and methodsTranslation included 4 steps: Forward translation, Back translation, Back translation review and Patient interviews. The questionnaire was administered to 50 female patients older than 18 years of age with UEL who received a prescription for daily use of a compression sheath. A second administration took place 30 days after. Forty-four patients completed the study (Group 1: 26 patients with indication to use compression sleeve who wore it; Group 2:18 patients who despite the prescription did not want to wear it. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed with Prism 9 software. ResultsT-tests showed statistical significance for changes in “Symptoms,” “Function,” “Appearance” and “Psychological” scales. There were no statistically significant changes for “Information scale” in Group 1 and for all scales in Group 2. ConclusionData from this observational study show that HR-QOL analyzed from the patients' perspective also tends to improve in terms of symptoms, function, appearance, and psychological sphere in patients with BCRL when using a compression sheath. The Lymph-Q has proven to be a valuable ally of the physician attempting to improve treatment approaches for BCRL based not only on scientific evidence but also on PROMs.

Suicide on Italian Instagram: Insights and implications for prevention and support

AbstractInstagram is the social network with the largest number of adolescent users in Italy; it is also the social network with the largest number of suicide‐related posts. Suicide is the third leading cause of death in Italy in the 15–19 age group. This study aims to describe Italian posts on Instagram related to suicide and to investigate whether there are differences in the number of likes, comments, and hashtags in relation to the characteristics of the posts. We searched for Italian‐language Instagram posts by typing ‘#suicidio’, an Italian translation of the English word ‘suicide’, and found 303 posts between January and May 2022. Most of the posts were written by ordinary people, while only a small percentage of posts were written by professionals; moreover, the content was predominantly biographical and pro‐suicide, and most posts had no reference to adolescence. Posts with a neutral approach received the most likes, while posts with a negative or positive approach to suicide or that contained references to psychiatric disorders had the most hashtags. These results provide insight regarding guidelines that can be implemented for suicide online prevention and encourage psychologists to enhance online prevention and support using the online community inherent to the Instagram social network.

Aspectual Features of Some Circumstantial Clauses in Italian Translation (Based on a Corpus of Works by Georgi Gоspоdinov

The article takes a cursory look at the translation from Bulgarian to Italian of some types of circumstantial sentences, where a difference in type is observed. The translation of perfective or imperfective constructions is a challenge for both the translator and the learners of the Italian language, since the ways of expressing the verb form in Italian are different from those in Bulgarian. In the Bulgarian language, the type is expressed through morphological indicators, while the Italian language shows the type through the verb tenses and the opposition between them. The analysis of the corpus of examples shows the type difference between original and translation, where some kind of modality is also present, and that these type differences do not significantly affect the overall meaning of the examples under consideration.

Crossing Cultural Boundaries: The First Translation of Crime and Punishment in Italy

Indirect translation, criticized for impurity, played a pivotal role in introducing Russian literature to fin-de-siècle Italy. Initial Italian translations of Russian classics stemmed from French translations, with France serving as a key hub for Russian literary reception in Europe. This article delves into the first Italian translation of "Crime and Punishment" to explore the nuances of this process. It examines the trade-offs—what was lost in translation—and highlights how the mediation through French translation paradoxically aided the reception of Dostoevsky in late 19th-century Italy.