Transition Phase Research Articles

Are the corporate voluntary disclosures and transparency in the transitional economy better than the pre-transitional economy? Evidence from developing country

The study’s goal is to explore the role of corporate voluntary disclosure and transparency as a strategic tool rather than corporate reporting techniques. This empirical study employs a comparative approach to identify the variations in corporate voluntary disclosure in the pre-transitional and transitional stages of a developing country. A paired sample of 307 annual reports of the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) listed companies is considered to explore their reporting practices between the pre-transitional and transitional stages. Lately, a paired t-test has been conducted to examine whether corporate voluntary disclosure significantly differs between the pre-transitional economy and transitional economy. It is found that the corporate people disclose more information in the transitional phase of the emerging economy rather than the pre-transitional phase. The findings of the study will assist emerging countries in designing their corporate strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). The study suggests that using voluntary disclosure as a strategic tool can help retain and attract both existing and prospective investors. This study also helps the regulatory body shape its macro-level corporate strategy to successfully graduate from the LDC to the developing economy. Moreover, this study will assist the transitional economy to transform from an aid-based economy to a trade-based economy.

Synchronous spring precipitation in Southeastern China and Bengal: a potential indicator for the Indian summer monsoon?

Abstract Spring precipitation in southeastern China and Bengal, occurring during the transitional phase from winter to summer monsoons, serves as a critical window into the dynamics of large-scale circulations and the subsequent summer monsoon. While many studies have analyzed spring precipitation in southeastern China and Bengal, their interconnections and implications for the summer monsoon have remained relatively under explored. We utilized the Empirical Orthogonal Function of spring precipitation to reveal Synchronous Spring Precipitation (SSP) in southeastern China and Bengal. This synchronicity is bridged by the East Asian Subtropical Jet (EASJ) that extends from Bengal to southeastern China. The EASJ was predominantly correlated with precipitation in southeastern China prior to the 1990s, while it developed a more profound connection with precipitation in Bengal after the 1990s. Notably, SSP anomalies occurred during the developing phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The predictive capacity of SSP for the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) amplifies during periods of the intensified SSP-ENSO correlations and positive phase of the North Pacific Meridional Mode. Tree-ring based reconstructions spanning the past two centuries further corroborate the persistent linkages among the SSP, ISM, and ENSO. Our research sheds light on the intricate interplay of these factors and their significance in understanding and predicting the monsoon dynamics in the region.

Clinical and histopathological evidence of Hepatobacter penaei in Litopenaus vannamei culture with high mortality

With the appearance of high mortalities in traditional cultivation of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaus vannamei), the objective was to evaluate the health in semi-intensive nurseries in Mossoró/RN. A random sample of 200 shrimp was collected for presumptive clinical and histopathological examination of the hepatopancreas. Histologically, the hepatopancreatic fragments were evaluated for the presence of intracytoplasmic bacteria, and scores (1-4) were assigned according to the degree of severity of the lesions (DS). Morbidity percentages of 89.5% of shrimp infected with the bacterium Hepatobacter penaei were recorded. Hemolymph clotting time did not prove to be a good parameter to diagnose individuals with necrotizing hepatopancreatitis. The affected individuals presented melanized lesions; 45.5% presented focal to diffuse necrosis in the abdominal segments, and the pleopods presented an expansion of chromatophores only in the most evolved cases of the infection, with 73% presenting uropods with expanded chromatophores. In the hepatopancreas, it was found that 57.5% had tubules with a significant reduction in lipid levels, 66.5% had DS 3 indicating the transition phase of the disease, and 23% had DS 4 considering the chronic phase. Absence of cytoplasm was observed in B cells with chromatin condensation. It is concluded that abiotic factors such as salinity and high temperatures favored the virulence of the pathogen in marine shrimp ponds, triggering a high mortality rate.

Adjusting to living with chronic liver disease among patients who continue regular healthcare visits for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: A grounded theory study.

To explore patients' process of living with chronic liver disease while continuing regular healthcare visits for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance. Semistructured interviews and participant observations were conducted in this qualitative constructivist grounded theory study. The participants included 11 patients undergoing regular hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance every 1-6 months for 2-30 years. Data were analyzed using coding, memo-writing, theoretical sampling, and constant comparison. The participants incorporated regular healthcare visits into their living cycle. The cycle's core comprised two categories ("inferring my liver condition" and "desiring status quo"). The cycle underwent a transition described by three phases ("seeking ways to live with my chronic liver disease," "being overwhelmed by living with my chronic liver disease," and "reconstructing my life to live with my chronic liver disease"). This transition involved adjusting to living with chronic liver disease while continuing regular healthcare visits. The relative importance of the cycle's core progressively shifted from "inferring my liver condition" to "desiring status quo." This study revealed the transition phases of patients' living cycles in adjusting to living with chronic liver disease while continuing regular healthcare visits. Understanding the different phases in which patients are and the psychological impact of healthcare visits can help them look forward to recuperative actions. Furthermore, patients who have a sense of ownership experience loneliness because of regular healthcare visits. A support system including nurses as part of regular hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance should be established to help ease patients' sense of loneliness by utilizing their sense of ownership.

Understanding the transitional phase of nitrate removal in three different specialty adsorbents for stormwater treatment

Excess nitrogen input from nonpoint sources driven by hydrologic and anthropogenic disturbances has become a significant ecological challenge in receiving water bodies. Moreover, nitrate removal by cost-effective filtration media has still not performed up to expectation because of the knowledge gap in the transitional phase from physicochemical to microbiological processes. This study developed three cost-effective, sustainable, and adaptable green sorption media (GSM), namely CPS (clay–perlite with sand sorption media), ZIPGEM (zero-valent iron and perlite green environmental media), and BIPGEM (biochar, zero-valent iron, and perlite-based green environmental media), made of readily available and recyclable materials, to compare nitrate removal methods for stormwater treatment and elucidate the transitional phase. The primary adsorption mechanism was chemisorption, and subsequent biofilm growth sustained removal efficiency for a long-lasting period. Adsorption kinetics, adsorption equilibrium, material characterization, and fixed-bed column experiments with a 2-stage cultivation approach were undertaken to characterize the transitional phase in these GSM, based on breakthrough curves, maximum adsorption capacity, and microbial population dynamics for nitrification and denitrification. As shown in the column study, BIPGEM had the highest adsorption capacity (7.637 mg∙g−1), followed by ZIPGEM (2.16 mg∙g−1), and CPS (0.1798mg∙g−1). The biochar in BIPGEM provides a better cultivation environment for nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, contributing sufficient electron donors. Biofilm production and maturation enabled the BIPGEM to maintain 30 % nitrate removal in a steady state even after 2000 h of operation in the first stage. When the biofilm reached maturation, BIPGEM’s nitrate removal percentage was up to 70 % via denitrification in the second stage.

Issue Fields and Echo Chambers: Increasing Field Contestation Fueled by Moral Emotions

We investigate how issue fields with increasing levels of contestation can develop into fields characterized by echo chambers. Studying the introduction of a controversial new approach to addiction services – harm reduction – we explain how proponents’ and opponents’ rhetorical arguments changed over time, transitioning the issue field through different configurations. Our findings reveal how field actors were initially differentiated by moral convictions, and as their expression of moral emotions became more intense, the two groups became increasingly divided and polarized in their views, leading to an issue field characterized by echo chambers. Through our analysis of archival materials and interview data, we explicate this process by identifying three phases of issue field transition: (1) Creating a moral emotional divide; (2) Intensifying antagonization; (3) Insulating against the other side. We contribute to the literature by presenting a model of change explaining how emotional rhetoric, together with different types of triggering events, can fuel increasing levels of contestation and drive the field toward developing echo chambers. Second, by taking a discursive view of issue fields with particular attention to rhetorical arguments, we provide foundational work for an institutional perspective on echo chamber – that echo chambers result from ongoing social processes where people encapsulate themselves based on a sense of right and wrong, in contrast to the predominant view of becoming trapped in an enclosed space. Third, through our focus on the role of moral emotions and how they can escalate in situations of contestation, we advance knowledge regarding the importance of emotions in field dynamics.

The Faces of "Too Late"-A Surprisingly Progressive Cohort of "Stable" Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Background and Objectives: Although available therapies have changed the natural evolution of multiple sclerosis (MS), in time some patients assume a progressive course and no longer respond to treatment. There is no definitive clinical or laboratory parameter to certify MS progression from relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) to secondary progressive MS (SPMS) in early phases of transition. Our study aims to evaluate the value of clinical parameters and serum neurofilament light chain levels (sNfLs) as early warning signs of conversion to SPMS. Materials and Methods: The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT), 25-foot walk test (25FWT) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) were evaluated at 12 months apart in a cohort of 83 RRMS treated patients. sNfLs were evaluated at the second time point. Results: sNfLs correlate with EDSS and SDMT, with EDSS change and disease duration. Clinical parameters correlate among themselves and perform well in supporting the diagnosis of SPMS in logistic regression and ROC curves analysis. Eighty percent of the RRMS patients in our study (of which 65% are treated with high-efficacy disease-modifying drugs) showed some type of progression independent of relapses (PIRA) after 12 months, with one in five patients experiencing isolated cognitive worsening and almost two-thirds some type of motor worsening. We found no differences in terms of progression between patients treated with platform drugs versus high-efficacy drugs. Conclusions: An elevated level of progression independent of relapses (PIRA) was found in our cohort, with high-efficacy drugs providing no supplementary protection. As sNfL levels were correlated with the progression of EDSS (the main clinical progression marker), they may be considered potential prognostic markers, but further studies are necessary to precisely define their role in this direction. The lack of early sensitive markers for risk of progression may contribute to therapeutic delay and failure.

Control over phase structures’ evolution within the novel organic–inorganic hybrid system for achieving a comprehensive thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties

Significant challenges persist in developing high-performance, wave-transparent capable of operating above 500 ℃ using organic–inorganic hybrid materials. This study introduced a novel, highly reactive terminal carborane monomer, 4-(3-carborylphenyl) phthalonitrile (CB-Ph), to create a cross-linked network structure and inorganic phase. By integrating this with the conventional high-performance poly (phthalazine ether nitrate ketone) (PPENK), a novel organic–inorganic hybrid system was successfully constructed. Simultaneously, the modifications in the inorganic layer and phase structure of the material with increasing CB-Ph content were examined through nanoindentation and SEM analysis systems, establishing a structural foundation for optimizing the balance between thermal resistance, mechanical strength, and dielectric properties (balance of T-M−D). The thermal performance testing results indicates that the hybrid materials achieved high glass transition temperatures (Tg exceeding 500 ℃). This enhancement is attributable to the synergistic effects of cyanide side group micro-crosslinking and the phthalonitrile crosslinking network, which collectively restricted the movement of chain segments. The P-CB50 resin (PPENK+50 wt% CB-Ph), with its distinctive transition phase structure, boasts the most outstanding comprehensive performance. In terms of thermal stability, it not only features a Tg surpassing 500 ℃ In terms of thermal stability, it not only has a Tg exceeding 500 °C, but also loses only 5 % weight at 599.3° C in a nitrogen atmosphere (Td5%–N2 = 599.3 °C). Mechanical testing reveals that the flexural strength of the P-CB50 composite reaches an impressive 384.3 MPa, while the impact strength attains a significant 109.4 KJ/m2. Even at temperatures as high as 500 ℃, the dielectric constant of the P-CB50 composite material remains below 4, underscoring its superior high temperature wave-transparent properties. These results have firmly established a correlation between the phase structure of the hybrid system and the comprehensive performance of T-M−D, thereby laying a solid foundation for the development of high-temperature resistant and wave-transparent materials with enhanced overall performance.

Transport characteristics of gas in an alkaline water electrolyser with the addition of baffles: Analysis of mechanism and performance

The adhesion of gases to the electrodes is a major reason for reductions in energy efficiency, and hinders the production of hydrogen in alkaline water electrolysis (AWE). The development of an effective solution to this problem will be crucial for the design and optimization of AWE. In this paper, we present a novel structure for an electrolyser in which baffles are inserted into the channel. The flow process of the electrolyte and the electrochemical reactions in the electrolyser with the new structure are simulated, and the effects of the added baffles on the distribution of the gas phase production and the efficiency of energy conversion are analysed. Several important structural parameters are considered, such as the angle, number and length of the baffles, and corresponding numerical calculations are performed. In order to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of each electrolyser, the energy efficiency of AWE is evaluated and the current effect, ohmic overvoltage effect and bubble overvoltage effect caused by gas adhesion are quantitatively investigated. The results show that the flow of the electrolyte can be divided into three phases when baffles are added to the channel of the electrolyser, and that the baffles play a crucial role in both the transition phase and the full development phase. The maximum reduction in gas coverage at the electrodes reaches 60% and the maximum increase in energy efficiency reaches more than 3.0% with the addition of baffles. The addition of baffles has significant effects on the current and ohmic overpotential, and the balance between the gas coverage and ohmic overpotential can allow the maximum energy efficiency of the AWE to be achieved.

Capillary blood parameters are gestational age, birthweight, delivery mode and gender dependent in healthy preterm and term infants.

The measurement of blood pH and gas analytes (BPGA), soon after birth, constitutes the first-line standard of care procedure in high-risk newborns. However, no data is available in capillary blood on perinatal bias such as gestational age (GA), weight at birth (BW), delivery mode, and gender. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether in a cohort of healthy preterm (PT) and term (T)infants BPGA were GA, BW, delivery mode and gender dependent, thus affecting BPGA reliability as diagnostic test. We performed a prospective case-control study in 560 healthy infants (PT: n=115, T: n=445). BPGA was measured within 24-h from birth. Perinatal characteristics, outcomes, and clinical examination were also recorded. PT infants showed higher (p<0.001) carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2), fraction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), base excess (BE), bicarbonate (HCO3), and lower lactate (Lac) levels. When corrected for delivery mode, higher (p<0.001) HbF, BE, HCO3, and lower Lac levels were found. Similarly, higher (p<0.05, for all) pCO2, HbF, BE, HCO3 and lower Lac levels were found between female and male PT and T infants. Repeated multiple logistic regression analysis showed that BPGA was GA, BW, delivery mode and gender dependent. The present results showing that BPGA can be affected by a series of perinatal outcomes open the way to further investigations providing longitudinal BPGA reference curves in the transitional phase, thus empowering BPGA role as a reliable diagnostic and therapeutic strategies efficacy marker.

Exploring Staff Perspectives and Experiences from a Nurse Practitioner-Led Behavioral Health Integration Project in North Carolina Multi-Site Federally Qualified Health Center: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

Purpose As primary care (PC) clinics seek to integrate behavioral health (BH) services into patient care, it is crucial to understand the experiences of the clinic team and the impact on workflow and well-being. This study was designed to identify perspectives and experiences of nurse practitioner-led PC teams as they implemented a behavioral health integration (BHI) model into their Federally Qualified Health Center PC practices. Methods We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with staff members at three clinic sites that implemented BHI. Interviewees were asked questions about the benefits and challenges encountered in the new BHI workflow, the dynamics of the warm hand-off, the tools and resources they used and desired, and the changes they would like to see to promote efficient workflows. Results We interviewed 21 staff members during May and June of 2020. An analysis of the qualitative data showed the most frequently reported experiences and attitudes focused on (a) the availability of behavioral health consultants (BHC); (b) procedural uses of the warm hand-off; (c) the organization’s productivity goals; and (d) desired tools and resources that are generally unavailable to the clinicians but could make a difference to patient care. Conclusion Our results can assist FQHCs and similar organizations to achieve both BHI and the Quintuple aim. Integrating BH services into PC clinics is valuable and may mitigate clinician-staff burnout. However, PC organizations desiring to integrate new sustainable care models should consider involving staff in every phase of the transitional process phase to increase staff buy-in and staff rapport.

Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of Quinazolinone Derivatives in Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Exploration

AbstractQuinazolinone derivatives have garnered attention for their diverse biological activities, including anticancer properties. This review combines findings from 2018 to 2024, focusing on the impact of quinazolinones on cancer cells, tubulin formation, and EGFR/PI3 K pathways. By unraveling the intricacies of structure‐activity relationships, this review endeavors to provide guidance for researchers in identifying promising avenues for the development of cancer treatments. Although in vitro studies underscore significant potential, it is imperative that future research prioritizes pre‐clinical investigations to seamlessly traverse the transitional phase towards clinical applications, thereby propelling the advancement of quinazolinone‐based cancer therapy.

Optimizing the Transition from Written Prescriptions into E-Prescriptions in Germany.

The study will use a mixed-method approach, the qualitative research method will be used through conducting interviews to explore the opinions of the stakeholders while the quantitative method will be used through conducting surveys. Results collected from both approaches were analyzed and recommendations for various stakeholders such as the German Ministry of Health with the cooperation of the German government, Software developers, Gematik, Insurance companies, Physicians and pharmacists, and Patients for optimizing the transition phase were derived.

The intervention of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Puberty Assistance: NVIVO Analysis

This research explores the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in accompanying students during puberty, a critical transition phase in the lives of Muslim adolescents that involves significant physical, emotional, and spiritual changes. Appropriate assistance during this period is crucial to help teenagers understand the changes occurring and carry out their religious responsibilities well. Using a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods, this research involved in-depth interviews with 10 PAI teachers from elementary and junior high schools. The analysis using NVivo 12 shows that the PAI teacher's role includes religious education, emotional guidance, spiritual formation, and social facilitation. Despite facing unique challenges, PAI teachers overcame them with various adaptive and responsive strategies. Through intensive personal guidance, key strategies that have proven effective include creating a supportive and open environment where students feel comfortable discussing sensitive topics. This research highlights the importance of a holistic and integrative approach in assisting puberty and provides practical recommendations such as [specific recommendations] to increase the effectiveness of this assistance. This research contributes to the Islamic religious education literature by providing new insights into the multifaceted role of PAI teachers and the challenges they face, as well as suggesting strategies for improving student support during puberty.

Exploring the adsorption of 4,4’-[oxalylbis(imino)]bis(2-hydroxybenzoic acid) layer at steel/biogasoline interface by the combined electrical-optical-simulation approach

Reactions at the steel/biogasoline interface trigger the adsorption of 4,4’-[Oxalylbis(imino)]bis(2-hydroxybenzoic Acid) (ODA) layer on the steel surface, thereby activating a mechanism that inhibited the early reactions. Exploring the conditionally deposited ODA layer requires a combined approach, including electrical, optical, and simulation techniques to track the film development and coating characteristics over time, and with the assistance of atomic force microscopy, quantum chemistry (DFT), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to reveal the adsorption mechanism of the ODA layer at steel/biogasoline interface. The four experimental ODA concentrations were conducted, related to the simulated un-coverage, undersaturated-, saturated-, and oversaturated-coverage model of the adsorbate on the adsorbent. The EC-RS data examines surface compositions and their distribution, coating/solution interface, and coating/substrate adhesion by, respectively, Raman spectroscopy (RS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and current density—potential (I-V) scan. Namely, RS pointed out that an organic layer was established when ODA was added to the simulated biogasoline. EIS results revealed insulator behaviors of the ODA layer at the solid–liquid interface, limiting the charge transfer between the steel substrate and the biogasoline. I-V results showed an increase in surface current density and a decrease in surface polarization resistance of the coating with the rise in ODA concentration. The AFM morphology profile verified the degradation of the sample’s surface when exposed to biogasoline and the minimization of surface damage by ODA addition through adsorption. The simulation findings revealed that the adsorption of ODA on steel preferred physisorption, reaching the most stable state at a specified temperature and ODA concentration. The adsorption mechanism follows the Generalized Langmuir isotherm. The adsorbate (ODA molecules) can produce a transition phase with the steel substrate surface, which modifies the surface thermodynamic characteristics. The combined electro-optical-simulation technique can be applied to investigate various surface phenomena (reactions, catalyzes, adsorption). It especially helps to understand the protective mechanism of inhibitors in different media.

Dynamic analysis of the machine tools load-bearing system considering the ball arrangement and carriage flexibility

The balls in the machine tool load-bearing system inevitably alternate with the movement of the worktable, resulting in the worktable’s posture to change periodically during the ball circulation process. In the past, the dynamic behaviors of the machine tool load-bearing system have been analyzed by assuming that the worktable is in a specific position, and few models consider the effects of the ball circulation motion. To address this problem, this paper presents a five degree-of-freedom (DOF) nonlinear dynamic model for the machine tool load-bearing system, taking into account the ball arrangement and carriage flexibility, which is used to predict the dynamic behaviors under both constant and excitation loads. Firstly, the relation between the contact load and the carriage flexibility is determined, and the contact load in the working phase is derived by homogeneous coordinate transformation. Secondly, the elastic release is discussed for different cases and the contact load in the transition phase is derived. Then, a nonlinear dynamic model for the machine tool load-bearing system is established by deriving the restoring loads and moments, and the validity of the proposed model is verified experimentally. Finally, the variation law of the nonlinear dynamic response for the machine tool load-bearing system is discussed.

Anti-cancer activity of secreted aspartyl proteinase protein from Candida tropicalis on human cervical cancer HeLa cells

Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Microbial products are valuable sources of anti-cancer drugs. The aim of this study was to isolate secreted aspartyl proteinase protein from Candida tropicalis, investigate its inhibitory effect on human cervical cancer HeLa cells, and analyze the expression profiling of selected nuclear stem cell-associated transcription factors. The presence of secreted aspartyl proteinase protein was confirmed by the expression of SAP2 and SAP4 genes in C. tropicalis during the yeast-hyphae transition phase. The enzyme was purified and characterized using the aqueous two-phase system purification method, as well as proteolytic activity and the Bradford and micro-Kjeldahl methods, respectively. The in vitro anti-cancer properties of secreted aspartyl proteinase protein were evaluated by MTT assay, microscopic image analysis, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assay, and RT-qPCR. The isolated C. tropicalis secreted aspartyl proteinase protein exhibited proteinase activity with values ranging from 93.72 to 130.70 μg/mL and 89.88–127.72 μg/mL according to the Bradford and micro-Kjeldahl methods, respectively. Secreted aspartyl proteinase showed effective cytotoxicity in HeLa cell line leading to significant morphological changes. Additionally, it exhibited increased free radical scavenging activity compared to the untreated control group, as evidenced by nitrite inhibition. ROS production increased in HeLa cells exposed to secreted aspartyl proteinase. The expression levels of the nuclear stem cell-associated transcription factors octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), and Nanog homeobox (NANOG) were significantly downregulated in the HeLa cells treated with secreted aspartyl proteinase. Secreted aspartyl proteinase protein may be a promising anti-cancer agent, as it effectively affects gene expression and may ultimately reduce the development and progression of cervical cancer. Targeting the genes related to nuclear stem cell-associated transcription factors may provide a novel amenable to cancer treatment.

A Big Red Dot: Scattered light, host galaxy signatures and multi-phase gas flows in a luminous, heavily reddened quasar at cosmic noon

Abstract We present a deep X-Shooter rest-frame UV to optical spectral analysis of the heavily reddened quasar, ULASJ2315+0143 at z = 2.566, known to reside in a major-merger host galaxy. The rest-frame optical is best-fit by a dust-reddened quasar (E(B-V)QSO = 1.55) with black-hole mass $\rm log_{10}(H\beta , M\small {BH} [{\rm M}_{\odot }]) = 10.26 \pm 0.05$, bolometric luminosity $\rm L_{Bol}$ = $\rm 10^{48.16}\, erg\,\,s^{-1}$ and Eddington-scaled accretion rate log$_{10}(\rm \lambda _{Edd}) = -0.19$. We find remarkable similarities between ULASJ2315+0143 and the high-redshift Little Red Dots (LRDs). The rest-frame UV cannot be explained by a dusty quasar component alone and requires an additional blue component consistent with either a star-forming host galaxy or scattered AGN light. We detect broad high-ionisation emission lines in the rest-UV, supporting the scattered light interpretation for the UV excess. The scattering fraction represents just 0.05% of the total luminosity of ULASJ2315+0143 . Analysis of the mid infra-red SED suggests an absence of hot dust on torus-scales similar to what is observed for LRDs. The obscuring medium is therefore likely on galaxy scales. We detect narrow, blueshifted associated absorption line systems in 1 iv, 1 v, 1 iv and 1 iii. There is evidence for significant high-velocity (&amp;gt;1000 $\rm km\, s^{-1}$) outflows in both the broad and narrow line regions as traced by 1 iv and [1 iii] emission. The kinetic power of the [1 iii] wind is $\dot{\epsilon }_{k}^{ion} = 10^{44.61} \rm erg\, s^{-1} \sim 0.001\, L_{Bol}$. ULASJ2315+0143 is likely in an important transition phase where star formation, black-hole accretion and multi-phase gas flows are simultaneously occurring.

FLRW cosmology in metric-affine F(R,Q) gravity* *Supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AP14870191)

We investigated some Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmological models in the context of metric-affine gravity, as proposed in [arXiv: 1205.5266v6]. Here, R and Q are the curvature and nonmetricity scalars using non-special connections, respectively. We obtained the modified field equations using a flat FLRW metric. We then found a connection between the Hubble constant , density parameter , and other model parameters in two different situations involving scalars u and w. Next, we used new observational datasets, such as the cosmic chronometer (CC) Hubble and Pantheon SNe Ia datasets, to determine the optimal model parameter values through a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis. Using these best-fit values of the model parameters, we discussed the results and behavior of the derived models. Further, we discussed the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for the derived models in the context of the Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM). We found that the geometrical sector dark equation of state parameter behaves just like a dark energy candidate. We also found that both models are transit phase models. Model-I approaches the ΛCDM model in the late-time universe, whereas Model-II approaches quintessence scenarios.

Elevating catalyst performance: How hierarchical Alumina's phases enhance Cu/Al2O3 in reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction

A hierarchical structure alumina with high surface area was synthesized using a sol-gel method assisted by propylene oxide (PO), which was subsequently converted into alumina exhibiting different transitional phases (γ, δ, θ) through varying calcination temperatures. These aluminas were employed as substrates for the active copper phase in the RWGS catalyst, facilitating a systematic exploration of how the alumina phase influences catalyst performance. The characterized catalysts underwent assessments using techniques such as N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, H2-TPR, CO2-TPD, FESEM, and HRTEM. An examination of the impact of copper loading (ranging from 5.0 to 20.0 wt%) in the Cu/γ-Al2O3 catalyst on RWGS performance revealed that the catalyst containing 15.0 wt% Cu exhibited the highest CO2 conversion rate, achieving 8% at 300 °C under a 1CO2:1H2 ratio at atmospheric pressure. This specific catalyst demonstrated 100% selectivity for CO. Evaluating the extended stability of Cu catalysts supported by γ-, δ-, and θ-Al2O3 phases, all loaded with the same amount of Cu (15.0 wt%), was carried out at 450 °C. The δ- and θ-Al2O3-supported catalysts were able to maintain approximately 100% of their initial catalytic activities after 72 h, whereas the activity of the catalyst supported by γ-Al2O3 decreased. The examination of the crystalline phases of the catalyst support and stability testing demonstrated the significant impact of porosity on mass transfer and the diffusion processes of reactants and production on the structure of the catalyst. This study revealed how adjusting the macropore size and porosity within various crystalline phases can optimize the filling degree and achieve an ideal balance between reaction and mass transfer rates.