Transition Movement Research Articles

The development of sit-to-stand in typically developing children aged 4 to 12 years: Movement time, trunk and lower extremity joint angles, and joint moments

BackgroundSit-to-stand (STS) movement is an important transition movement for daily life. STS movement is typically seen in children aged 1 year and older. According to the motor development process, the ability of children in different age groups to perform STS movement would be different before they meet the mutuality. However, it is still unclear whether there are changes in the STS movement of growing children and adults. Research questionAre there any differences in the movement time, joint angles, and peak joint moments of STS in typically developing (TD) children? MethodsMotion analysis and the force plate system were used to analyze the STS movement in 77 healthy participants. All participants were asked to perform the STS movement using an adjustable bench with a self-selected pattern. Statistical analysis was done with respect to age (4–6, 7–9, 10–12, 18–25 years) and body height (1.00–1.20, 1.20–1.40, 1.40–1.60, 1.60–1.80 meters). ResultsChildren aged 4–6 years (or 1.0–1.20 m height) took less time to accomplish STS movement than adults (or 1.60–1.80 m height). Children aged 4–9 years performed STS movement by using more trunk and hip flexion and anterior pelvic tilt, but less knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion than children aged 10–12 years and adults. At the final standing position, children aged 4–12 years exhibited more knee extension and more ankle plantar flexion than adults. In addition, children aged 4–12 years had more peak trunk-pelvic extension and less peak knee extension moments than adults. SignificanceDifferent strategies to achieve the STS task were found among children aged 4–12 years in terms of total movement time, joint angle, and joint moments. Adult-like kinematic and kinetic STS patterns were not seen in children up to 12 years old.

Digital Media and Knowledge Production Within Social Movements: Insights From the Transition Movement in Italy

In this article, we aim at contributing to ongoing discussions on the nexus between digital media and social movements. We investigate how activists problematize the inclusion of digital media within their courses of action and exploit these tools to produce and diffuse alternative knowledge on the issues on which they mobilize. We do so by studying Transition Italia (TI), the Italian hub of the transnational Transition movement struggling for resilience and sustainability. First, we reconstruct how activists problematized the adoption of digital media within TI’s courses of action. Second, we explore how activists leveraged Facebook affordances to produce and diffuse alternative knowledge on TI as a collective actor, its visions and practices, its action networks, and the political alternatives it aims to achieve. Far from being passive adopters of digital media, activists considered critically the inclusion of digital media within TI’s activities in light of three elements of import to the national activist community: the appropriateness of mainstream digital platforms to inform citizens, the perceived efficacy of digital tools, and the attempt to distinguish themselves from the global Transition Network. Moreover, we show that activists engaged in a “knowledge curation work” by sharing links and creating and spreading original contents.

A Review on Green Revolution, Nutritional Transition, Diabetes and Millet Movement in India

<p>The advent of the green revolution in the early 1960s in India, when high yielding varieties<br />were introduced into the farm coupled with enhanced irrigation facilities and fertilizers resulted<br />in massive agricultural output. The over emphasis on high yielding crops such as wheat,<br />maize and rice not only improved the harvest index and per capita food availability, but also<br />showed a nutritional transition among people. The indigenous whole grains such as amaranth,<br />barley, sorghum and millets were commonly consumed by people prior to the green revolution.<br />Among these, millet found a dramatic decline in cultivation. Various reasons can be attributed<br />to this shift from millet to other crops. However today, the typical diet of an Indian is of high<br />carbohydrate and low protein since the majority of consumers prefer rice and wheat in their<br />diet. This transition in nutrition from complex carbohydrates of indigenous crops to high<br />glycemic index foods such as wheat and rice is correlated with the incidence of diabetes<br />mellitus. The incidence of diabetes in India is growing exponentially and to combat it, a<br />demand for food containing complex carbohydrates with a higher level of dietary fiber is<br />needed. This review deals with the idea of ‘The Millet Movement’ in India, a strategy through<br />which the dietary management of diabetes can be handled in a better way considering the<br />nutritive value of the millet.</p>

Just Transition at the Intersection of Labour and Climate Justice Movements: Lessons from the Portuguese Climate Jobs Campaign

In the current context of climate change and its accompanying adverse effects on natural, human and social systems, the imperative of transitioning to low- and preferably post-carbon societies has become a non-negotiable reality if we want to avoid reaching the point of no return in terms of environmental and climate catastrophe. Such a transition requires that the interests and needs of workers and their communities be taken into consideration to make sure they do not bear the heaviest part of the burden in terms of loss of jobs and means of survival, and that they are prepared to face the new, post-carbon labour environment. The concept of Just Transition was coined to describe both the socio-political project put forward by trade unions in response to climate change, and the recognition by climate activists that the livelihoods and security of workers and their communities must be ensured during the transition to a post-carbon society. However, just transition movements are divided between two quite different orientations, which are labelled “affirmative” and “transformative.” On the one hand, affirmative just transition advocates envisage a transition within the current political-economic system. Transformative just transition activists, on the other hand, envisage a post-capitalist transition. This article, drawing upon an extensive case study of the Portuguese climate jobs campaign, goes beyond showing how these orientations shape the positions taken by union and climate activists. The article also analyses how the conflicts and cooperation between these key actors can shed light on the possibilities and/or limitations of just transition as a framework for the collective action needed to achieve rapid, deep decarbonisation of economies in the Global North context.
 KEY WORDS: climate change; just transition; labour environmentalism; climate jobs; climate justice; climate activism

‘Systemic thinking’, ‘regenerative culture’, and new forms of prefigurative politics: challenges for the global left

ABSTRACTOne of the aspects of the current crisis of the Left is an ‘epistemological blindness’ that prevents it from identifying opportunities for its own renewal. That includes the dismissal of the contribution of prefigurative forms of collective action which do not fit its institutionalized orthodoxies. Their most significant expression is a range of grassroots initiatives based on ‘systemic thinking’ and aimed at promoting a ‘regenerative culture’. It includes non-capitalist economic initiatives, such as those of the transition movement, social and solidarity economy and the Global Ecovillage Network, as well as of the temporary communities created by Occupy Wall Street movement and the Dakota Access Pipeline protests. They regard social polarization, patriarchy, and the crisis of democracy as interconnected dimensions of a civilizational dysfunction that asks for whole-systems solutions. Such approach, if adopted by the Left, may contribute to its renewal and political strengthening.

Beta, sigma and club convergence: Indian experience from 1980 to 2015

The debate over standard β, σ, and club convergence is empirically re-examined in India with respect to per capita net state domestic product (PCNSDP) across 22 states over time (viz. 1980–1981 to 2015–2016). We go beyond the σ convergence, and the distribution-sensitive inequality measure such as generalized entropy is used to exploring the pattern of distribution of PCNSDP among states over time. We find σ divergence, rising trend of inequality of PCNSDP with a higher sensitivity to the right tail of the distribution. The results show that there exists absolute β divergence but conditional β convergence; the conditioning variables which appear to be significant are per capita bank deposit (PCBD) and composite physical infrastructure index. The kernel density estimation and Markov’s transitional probability matrix (TPM) show that there exists club convergence among the states; we find higher stability, but lower mobility indices during different time intervals confirm the existence of club convergence in the short run; however, the long-run TPM gives the opposite results. The long-run TPM shows that very few states are stable to their respective clubs, but most of the states have been experiencing transitional movement from higher to lower income group over time; thus, our results do not support the earlier findings of ‘missing middle’.

Invent Your Own Fashion Economy: Post-Growth Cultures

This paper responds to a flux of transitional movements happening in fashion, questioning its current role within industry and society. Alternatives are being sought that provide sustainable solutions and choices within the practice of fashion. A move towards post-growth cultures can help create new functions, roles and responses for designers, educators and communities - highlighting a need for development of fashion experiences outside of market-led products and profits. This paper introduces The Ripple Effect Tool, created by combining alternative economies, sustainable cultures and lifestyle habits across social movements. The tool is designed as a responsive tool for interaction, evolving processes for designers and communities to re-define values, and stimulate new approaches towards fashion economies and cultures as lived experiences. The paper discusses testing-in-action research to explore how the tool can be applied as interventions in the design process and daily action of fashion practice. A workshop was designed to test the tool’s ability to be personalized and used in collaboration with industry professionals. This helped investigate how future versions of the tool could be shared back in an open source loop, encouraging alternative combinations of elements to continually evolve in use and sustain practices. In conclusion, moving fashion forward using methods that design with audiences, rather than upon them, encourages fashion agency, to take back fashion practice and build sustainable communities. The Ripple Effect Tool aims to provide both autonomous and collaborative routes that empower designers’ and audiences’ choices, so each can be enabled to participate through inventing their own fashion economy and in turn create a ripple effect of fashion sustainability.

Numerical study of boundary layer transition using intermittency model

Purpose In this paper, the applicability of shear stress transport k-ω model along with the intermittency concept has been investigated over pitching airfoils to capture the laminar separation bubble (LSB) position and the boundary layer transition movement. The effect of reduced frequency of oscillations on boundary layer response is also examined. Design/methodology/approach A two-dimensional computational fluid dynamic code was developed to compute the effects of unsteadiness on LSB formation, transition point movement, pressure distribution and lift force over an oscillating airfoil using transport equation of intermittency accompanied by the k-ω model. Findings The results indicate that increasing the angle of attack over the stationary airfoil causes the LSB size to shorten, leading to a rise in wall shear stress and pressure suction peak. In unsteady cases, both three- and four-equation models are capable of capturing the experimentally measured transition point well. The transition is delayed for an unsteady boundary layer in comparison with that for a static airfoil at the same angle of attack. Increasing the unsteadiness of flow, i.e. reduced frequency, moves the transition point toward the trailing edge of the airfoil. This increment also results in lower static pressure suction peak and hence lower lift produced by the airfoil. It was also found that the fully turbulent k-ω shear–stress transport (SST) model cannot capture the so-called figure-of-eight region in lift coefficient and the employment of intermittency transport equation is essential. Practical implications Boundary layer transition and unsteady flow characteristics owing to airfoil motion are both important for many engineering applications including micro air vehicles as well as helicopter blade, wind turbine and aircraft maneuvers. In this paper, the accuracy of transition modeling based on intermittency transport concept and the response of boundary layer to unsteadiness are investigated. Originality/value As a conclusion, the contribution of this paper is to assess the ability of intermittency transport models to predict LSB and transition point movements, static pressure distribution and aerodynamic lift variations and boundary layer flow pattern over dynamic pitching airfoils with regard to oscillation frequency effects for engineering problems.

Nonmodal Growth of Traveling Waves on Blunt Cones at Hypersonic Speeds

The existing database of transition measurements in hypersonic ground facilities has established that, as the nose-tip bluntness is increased, the onset of boundary-layer transition over a circular cone at zero angle of attack shifts downstream. However, this downstream movement in transition slows down and eventually reverses at sufficiently large values of the nose Reynolds number. Because modal amplification is too weak to initiate the measured frustum transition at moderate to large bluntness values, nonmodal growth is investigated as the potential basis for a physics-based model. The present analysis investigates the nonmodal growth of traveling disturbances initiated within the nose-tip vicinity. Results show that both planar and oblique traveling disturbances that peak within the entropy layer experience appreciable energy amplification for successively higher disturbance frequencies as the nose bluntness is increased. For relatively small bluntness values, the initial nonmodal growth is followed by a partial decay that is overcome by an eventual, modal growth as Mack-mode waves. For larger bluntness values, the Mack-mode waves are not amplified anywhere upstream of the experimentally measured transition location, but the traveling waves still undergo a significant amount of nonmodal growth. These findings do not provide a definitive link between optimal growth and the onset of frustum transition on moderately blunt cones, but they are qualitatively consistent with the experimental observations of an initial peak near the nose tip followed by a decay and growth in disturbance energy, as well as the appearance of inclined structures above the boundary-layer edge.

Issue of Federal System in Nepal

Federal process of Nepal has been guided by some major factors such as elimination of discrimination, equal regional development and political participation. Federalism has been a crucial issue of modern Nepal. The issue of federalism has not been guided by remote past as a vital demand because Nepal has adopted a long history of unitary system. But some regional and marginalized groups have been demanding it since 1950, who were struggling against discriminations. Federalism was not documented even in an initiate part of Interim Constitution 2006. It was also not agenda of Maoist Party which they had put in forty points demand letter. It wasn't materialized till peoples’ movement second. It is supposed that federalism can bring miraculous modification as to solve problems of inequity and marginalization than in the unitary system. Some political parties have documented in their manifesto that federal system is only the alternation for prosperity in Nepal. But it might be incorrect supposition. Long route of unitary system of Nepal was led by few elites, who were specially professed Hindus. Monarchy was also surrounded by prevailing castes. Due to these various reasons conflict began in Nepal which has developed as transitional movement of chronic infection. The issue of federal system is emerged by those who are struggling against discriminations and they want to abolish all kind of social discriminations, problems of regional, religion, gender, cast, and poverty. Aspirations of ownership of all segments and development of nation have guided to make federal state in Nepal.

Ankle foot orthoses for young children with cerebral palsy: a scoping review

Aim To describe research on outcomes associated with early Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) use, AFO use patterns, and parent and clinician perspectives on AFO use among young children with cerebral palsy. Method Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage method was used to conduct a scoping review. MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, PEDro, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for studies evaluating AFO use with children under the age of six years. Descriptive information was extracted and outcomes categorized according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Quality assessments were conducted to evaluate methodological rigor. Results Nineteen articles were included in the review; 14 focused on body functions and structures, seven on activity level outcomes and no studies addressed participation outcomes. Evaluations of the effects of AFOs on gross motor skills other than gait were limited. Overall, the body of evidence is comprised of methodologically weak studies with common threats to validity including inadequate descriptions of study protocols, AFO construction, and comparison interventions. Conclusion Research evaluating the effects of AFOs on age-appropriate, functional outcomes including transitional movements, floor mobility and participation in early childhood settings is needed to inform practice regarding early orthotic prescription. Implications for rehabilitation Lack of rigorous evidence about the effects of AFOs in young children limits the ability of research to guide practice in pediatric rehabilitation. More rigorous research that evaluates a broader range of age-appropriate outcomes, including those focused on participation in meaningful activities, could further inform clinical practice. While clinicians often discuss expectations and goals with individual families, qualitative research that provides more insight into the experiences of families could guide AFO prescription and monitoring practices.

Language modality shapes the dynamics of word and sign recognition

Spoken words and signs both consist of structured sub-lexical units. While phonemes unfold in time in the case of the spoken signal, visual sub-lexical units such as location and handshape are produced simultaneously in signs. In the current study we investigate the role of sub-lexical units in lexical access in spoken Spanish and in Spanish Sign Language (LSE) in hearing early bimodal bilinguals and in hearing second language (L2) learners of LSE, both native speakers of Spanish, using the visual world paradigm. Experiment 1 investigated phonological competition in spoken Spanish from words sharing onset or rhyme. Experiment 2 investigated competition in LSE from signs sharing handshape or location. For Spanish, the results confirm previous findings for word recognition: onset competition comes first and is more salient than rhyme competition. For sign recognition, native bimodal bilinguals (native speakers of spoken and signed languages) showed earlier competition from location than handshape, and overall stronger competition from handshape compared to location. Hearing bimodal bilinguals who learned LSE as a second language also experienced competition from both signed parameters. However, they showed later effects for location competitors and weaker effects for handshape competitors than native signers. Our results demonstrate that the temporal dynamics of spoken words and signs impact the time course of lexical co-activation. Furthermore, age of acquisition of the signed language modulates sub-lexical processing of signs, and may reflect enhanced abilities of native signers to use early phonological cues in transition movements to constrain sign recognition.

Experimental analysis of suction on step-induced boundary-layer transition

The influence of suction on step-induced boundary-layer transition has been experimentally investigated in the Cryogenic Ludwieg-Tube Goettingen at large chord Reynolds numbers (up to 16·106), Mach numbers from 0.35 to 0.77 and various streamwise pressure gradients by means of temperature-sensitive paint. Surface imperfections, implemented as combination of gap and forward-facing step, caused transition to occur at a location more upstream than in the case of a smooth surface (i.e. without gap and step). For this combination of imperfections, it was demonstrated for the first time in experiments that suction, achieved passively by exploiting the pressure difference between upper and lower side of the model, induced a movement of transition to a more downstream location than without suction, and in most cases even more downstream than on the smooth configuration at the same test conditions. Thus, the effect of suction was to even overcompensate the adverse effect of the combination of gap and forward-facing step on boundary-layer transition for the investigated test conditions.

When More “We” Becomes More “Me”: Transitional Objects and Forward Movement in Child Psychotherapy

ABSTRACTThe child therapist’s challenge is to remobilize a child’s forward movement after a developmental derailment has occurred. In this paper, drawing on Winnicott’s concept of transitional object and Tolpin’s concept of tendril of health, I discuss how, within the therapeutic relationship, the psychotherapist comes to serve a transitional object-like function for the child thereby catalyzing the resumption of forward movement. A clinical case is elaborated to illustrate how this process is facilitated by a therapeutic stance of empathic alertness and non-judgmental attentiveness.

Fleet Service Scheduling for Transit Movement on an Urban Arterial in Ilorin, Nigeria

Public transit schemes operating in unplanned urban centres are characterized by traffic induced congestions with consequent unfriendly, uneconomic and unreliable experiences of the commuters who are mostly captive. This study was carried out on the University of Ilorin transit scheme in order to establish the desired improvement strategies for effective movement of captive commuters on the route who are mostly students. A passenger demand estimate was made alongside the commuters’ transit operational characteristics determination with both observatory and questionnaire approaches. The study showed that there is no schedule movement of vehicles known to the commuters. The load factor of the buses in the fleet is presently 2.2 which is considered crowded. The analysis showed that two and three buses should be added to the morning and afternoon fleets respectively, each of which presently runs three 55-seater buses as immediate necessary measure to improve commuting. Cycle lengths of 65 minutes and 78 minutes are designed for the morning and afternoon operations respectively. A schedule for movement of the buses is designed which should be made available to the commuters to enhance their trip planning. The travel demand forecast shows that by 2027/2028 alternative bigger transit vehicles such as light rails should be introduced along the movement corridor to meet travel demands. Bus Rapid Transit along dedicated lanes can also be considered which will reduce travel time.

Comparison of a Nintendo Wii balance board with a laboratory-grade force plate on measurement of transitional movements

The aim of this study was to verify whether the Nintendo Wii-Balance-Board was valid and reliable for assessing sit-to-stand and return-to-sit tasks by comparing it with a gold-standard force plate. Ten elderly (age = 78.21±14.82 years; males=4; females=6) and eleven young (age =24.25±12.43 years; males=6; females=5) participants of both genders performed five sit-to-stand and return-to-sit tasks consecutively by placing their feet on the Wii-Balance-Board; after two days of rest, they repeated the same assessment. The Wii-Balance- Board was positioned over the force plate to concurrently acquire the vertical component of ground reaction forces. Relevant kinetic and temporal parameters were estimated from these signals. Both the Wii-Balance-Board and force plate measurements resulted in a high level of correlation for almost all the parameters (Pearson’s product-moment r ranged from 0.91 to 0.99, p<.001) and, for the same parameters, intra-class correlation coefficients revealed a high level of agreement between the devices (ranged from 0.93 to 0.99). Bland-Altman plots and regression analysis detected systematic and fixed biases for two parameters (i.e., the inclination of force in standing and rising), while other parameters resulted with none systematic biases; the absolute magnitude of those differences was trivial or small (standardized biases ranged from 0.01 to 0.4). A high level of intra-device reliability was measured for all the parameters (intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.85 to 0.99). The Wii-Balance-Board proved valid and reliable in comparison with a force plate for assessing transition movements so it can be considered a valuable solution for supporting the assessment procedures of average practitioners.

النتائج المترتبة عن نظام وسائل النقل المشتركة على الملكية في المدن الحضرية

في عام 2001، كان هناك أكثر من 92% تقريباً من الأسر في الولايات المتحدة يمتلكون مركبة واحدة على الأقل و 60% يملكون مركبتين أو أكثر (شاهين وآخرون، 2005.( يؤثر هذا الاستخدام للمركبات تأثراً كبيراً في تلوث الهواء والضوضاء في المدن الحضرية في الولايات المتحدة (Katzev, 2003). لذلك, تواجه المجتمعات الحضرية مشكلات بيئية وصحية ونقل خطيرة مثل النمو المطرد لحركة المرور العابر في الشوارع. حيث تساهم بنحو 45% من أكاسيد النيتروجين و70% من أول أكسيد الكربون في المدن الحضرية بالولايات المتحدة (Katzev, 2003). في بورتلاند، كمثال آخر، تم توليد 35% من إجمالي استهلاك الطاقة في عام 2010 بواسطة النقل البري وحوالي 30% من انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون (Baptista et al.2003). مع زيادة تكاليف الوقود وملكية المركبات، يبحث الناس عن بدائل لملكية السيارات (شاهين وآخرون، 2006) التي لها تأثيرات إيجابية أو لا توجد آثار سلبية على الأقل. الهدف الرئيسي من أنظمة السيارات المشتركة هو توفير وصول سهل للأفراد لامتلاك سيارة خاصة مؤقتة دون أي مسؤولية وتكاليف الملكية. وبالتالي، فإنه يقلل من حجم المركبات المتنقلة في المدن الحضرية، ثم بالتالي يقلل من تلوث الهواء.

GENERAL ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL INTESTINE IN WHITE RATS

Introduction. The structure of the small intestine in humans and white rats are quite similar. The study of its specific features in white rats is important to supplement and update modern morphological science with data on the course and modelling of certain pathological conditions. Purpose. A detailed study of the anatomical features of the small intestine in white rats is a prerequisite for planning and conducting certain experimental studies. Material and methods. The study was performed on 80 white male rats. The material for the study included removed stomachs with the distal segment of oesophagus, the small and large intestine. Following the removal the organs were fixed with 10% neutral formalin, outer and inner (mucosal) surfaces then were photographed. In other cases, the gastrointestinal tract of animals was filled through the oesophagus with air, physiological saline, and autopolymer plastic (Latacryl-S), and then exposed to acid corrosion, obtaining three-dimensional casts of internal cavities of the stomach, small and large intestine. Results. Having studying the anatomical features of the small intestine of white rats we can distinguish two parts: the initial extra mesenteric part, which can be called the duodenum only by analogy with a similar human section, and its other mesenteric part, in the looped segment of which the border between which the ileal and jejunum division was not found. This segment seems to be designed mainly for the transitive movement of food into the cecum, where their final processing and the formation of faecal masses occur. On the outer surface of the mesenteric small intestine, there are clearly visible groups of lymphoid nodules, known as Peyer's patches.

Perspective of Business Models and Innovation for Sustainability Transition in Hospitals

Hospitals have valuable resources but are have facedsignificant changes over recentdecades. The adoption of principles that drive the strategic development of business models as innovation is imperative in these institutions. This research study aims to articulate a conceptual review of business models, innovation, and sustainability transition in the context of health business. It proposes a model for future applications in hospitals. This proposed model emphasizes the relations that arise under the multiple-level perspective. It also addresses the evolution of the concepts of business models and innovation that might contribute to the sustainability transition movement once new sociotechnical systems get space in these organizations. The main results of this conceptual review are the multiple depictions of internal and external elements that mutually interact to describe the dynamics of transitions. In the landscape level, elements such as ecological modernization and corporate social responsibility interact with elements of the regime level—legal, technological, and efficiency aspects—and with the niche’s aspects, represented by transitions from low to high quality and efficiency in services. This proposed model is justified by the lack of studies that address the sustainability transition models in hospitals and by its potential of adaption to particular contexts.

Effects of turbulence and velocity on the movement behaviour of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) in an experimental vertical slot fishway

The vertical slot fishway (VSF) plays a major role in protection and restoration of migratory fishes at many migratory barriers. However, the VSF design greatly depends on fish response to hydraulics and swimming behavior, which are key to the design of effective VSFs for target fish species. This study evaluated the effects of hydraulic characteristics on movement behavior of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) by combining spatial hydraulic distributions with fish movement trajectories in an experimental VSF. Fish spent more transit times in ranges of velocity (V) with 0.15–0.45 m/s, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) with 0.020–0.043 m2/s2, turbulent dissipation rate (TDR) with 0.020–0.065 m2/s3and strain rate (SR) with 2–7 s−1 under different discharges (18.0L/s and 26.0L/s), respectively. Correlation were found between fish transit times and hydraulic variables of velocity (V) (Q = 18.0 m/s: r = 0.397, P < 0.01; Q = 26.0 m/s: r = 0.407, P < 0.01), turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) (Q = 18.0 m/s: r = 0.476, P < 0.01; Q = 26.0 m/s: r = 0.469, P < 0.01). TKE and V were the key hydraulic parameters associated with the fish transit movement times in VSF. The results provided key hydraulic parameters for bighead carp movement in VSFs, which can serve as reference design for the future VSF and others fishway designs for this species.