Transition metal (TM) doping is an eminent way to upgrade the electrochemical activity of MoS2 due to the excellent conductivity and additional redox sites offered by the dopant atoms. In this work, TM-doped MoS2 (TM - Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co) is prepared via a simple hydrothermal technique. The effect of TM-doping on the supercapacitive performance of MoS2 is explored in detail. TM-doped MoS2 (CrMS, MnMS, FeMS, and CoMS) exhibited outstanding performance compared to its un-doped counterpart (MS). The maximum capacities exhibited by CrMS, MnMS, FeMS, CoMS, and MS at 4 A g−1 are 1102.46, 807.24, 644.02, 501.61, and 339.19 C g−1, respectively. Among the doped samples, CrMS delivered a superior performance with outstanding capacitance due to the high conductivity offered by Cr atoms, which has the maximum number of unpaired valence electrons among all the 3d transition metals. In addition, the hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) cell (CrMS//AC) with activated carbon (AC) as –ve and CrMS as +ve electrode manifested a terrific energy/power density of 40.14 Wh kg−1/2.4 kW kg−1. It also offered an outstanding stable life with 83 % capacity retention over 6000 cycles. Three HSC cells assembled in series illuminated an LED panel for 12 min. Thus, Cr-doped MoS2 has excellent potential for SC applications.