Transit Gas Pipelines Research Articles

Монголия: внешняя торговля и развитие инфраструктуры

The paper reveals the modern specifics of the economy and plans for the development of infrastructure in Mongolia. The influence of anti-COVID restrictions on foreign trade is being studied. It is shown that the problems of export and raw material development and inland Mongolian isolation in the face of restrictions on crossing the border with China for vehicles were exacerbated by the poor development of the railway network. As a result of these restrictions, coal production and exports from Mongolia to China more than halved in 2020–2021. Together with the fall in coal prices in 2020 and the collapse in the services sector, this led to the deepest recession in the Mongolian economy since 1992. Plans for the development of international transport and energy corridors through Mongolia are being considered. Based on actual data, the insignificant role of Mongolia in the dynamically growing transit of container cargo in the direction of China–Europe–China is shown. The unsatisfactory condition of the Trans-Mongolian Railway and the absence of railways in a number of promising directions of freight flows prevent the full realization of the transit potential of Mongolian freight traffic. In connection with Russia’s reorientation of export flows to Asia, the Eastern Railway Corridor stands out as a promising corridor through Mongolia. A strategically significant initiative, which in the context of anti-Russian sanctions will seriously strengthen economic cooperation in the regional triangle Russia-Mongolia-China, is the plan to build a Soyuz-Vostok transit gas pipeline through Mongolia. This project will allow redirecting gas supplies from the West Siberian region of Russia, previously supplied to Europe, directly to the capital region of China. Mongolia is also interested in the implementation of this large-scale project, which seeks to obtain new opportunities for economic development. The implementation of these infrastructure development plans will allow Mongolia to not only take advantage of its location between Russia and China and strengthen the economic base for cooperation with them, but also, in general, lay the foundation for economic diversification and deeper integration into the global economic system.

Current state of the gas industry of the republic of kazakhstan

The Republic of Kazakhstan possesses large reserves of natural resources. Gas is one of the most demanded energy resources in the world today. Kazakhstan is one of the 30 leading countries in terms of gas reserves and production, while constantly increasing its production potential and expanding its sphere of influence in the gas field in the world. In percentage terms, Kazakhstan owns 1.7% of the world's proven natural gas reserves. This article analyzes the indicators of the country's gas industry development. There was prepared a forecast of natural gas production up to 2030, it was made using the Brown model of moving average (CC model). The analysis of indicators of gas transportation through pipelines, such as transit and export, is made. The location on the map plays an important role in the development of the gas industry in Kazakhstan, as gas pipelines connecting Europe and Asia pass through its territory. Transit gas pipelines are used both for gas supplies to the domestic market of the country and for gas exports. The total length of high, medium and low pressure gas pipelines in Kazakhstan is 28,628 km. In addition to positive indicators indicating the stable development of the industry, the factors hindering the development of the gas industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan are identified.

Experimental measurement of dynamic loading and numerical analysis of gas pipeline damaged by corrosion

The paper presents the results of the expert works in the area of diagnostics, repair, and reconstruction of the steel pipelines of the transit gas pipeline (TP) on Slovak territory. One part of our work included dynamic measurements of a steel casing pipe located under the railway. This pipeline was damaged by corrosion and it was necessary to evaluate its safety.

Impact of Long-Term Operation on the Reliability and Durability of Transit Gas Pipelines

Abstract Corrosion and corrosion-fatigue tests of the material of the pipeline, which was in operation for 41 years. It has been shown that prolonged operation reduces the parameters of resistance to fatigue and prolonged static loading in corrosive environments. It was established that the degradation of physical and mechanical properties is insignificant, Ukraine’s main gas pipelines are ready to operate at full capacity provided that timely monitoring measures are carried out.

THE STORAGE CAPACITY OF UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

Sources of natural gas are in most cases located in remote areas far from the places where the gas is utilized, i.e. especially developed industrial countries to which it is transported via pipeline. However, transit gas pipelines, which are transporting extracted gas to the consumers, have a relatively limited peak capacity, the transit supplies essentially have a stable character and are not able to cover increased seasonal or peak demands for gas in gas distribution networks. The solution of this problem is the main task for underground gas storages (UGS) that through the operative regulation maintain stability and reliability of the entire gas system. This article provides a general list of options that can increase the storage capacity of natural gas in underground gas storages and focuses on factors that influence the options of an individual UGS. Keywords: natural gas, underground gas storage (UGS), storage capacity DOI 10.35180/gse-2019-0014

Increasing the Durability and Safety of Pipeline Bridges

In former times during a construction of a transit gas pipeline of Eustream Company, it was necessary to overpass various route natural hurdles including rivers. In compliance with a construction plan the load-bearing steel arched structures, made of materials and technology available at that time, were designed to cross the rivers and creeks. As the time passed, the condition of these systems became deteriorated, and so their reconstruction and remedial actions had to begin.It was necessary to perform a relevant analysis and design the most advantageous and technologically feasible repair for each repaired pipeline upperbridge - rectification method. Rectification of a pipeline upperbridge includes a repair, correction and an adjustment to a correct condition. Out of five successfully performed rectifications, the authors present procedures applied on rivers Trnávka and Dudváh.

Vplyv teploty tranzitného plynovodu na produkčný potenciál poľnohospodárskych pôd

The aim of our study was to investigate the temperature effects of a transit gas pipeline on soil and harvested crop over the years 2004 – 2006. The study area was located in the village Veľký Cetín (Nitra District, South-Western Slovakia) soil type is Mollic Fluvisols calcaric. The temperature of the transported gas increased the soil temperature in the range of 1.1 to 1.75 °C (average ) above the gas lines. It also reduced soil moisture by 0.07 – 2.67 weight per cent (average). The wheat yields above the gas pipelines decreased by 3.63 % in 2004 and by 9.53 % in 2006. Yield of barley also decreased by 13.88 % in 2005.

Stress-corrosion failures of main pipelines

The basic peculiarities of stress corrosion fracture cases of main pipelines are analyzed. The authors consider structure, mechanical properties, Charpy energy, fracture toughness, corrosion fatigue, and fracture mechanisms of steel Kh70 (from transit gas pipeline “Urengoy–Pomary– Uzhgorod”) in three conditions: as received (archive), after 24 and 26 years of service. The service degradation of steel is revealed, which manifests itself in considerable drop of Charpy energy, fracture toughness and resistance to the corrosion fatigue crack growth. The analysis is performed of the resistance of the pipeline steels to the corrosion fatigue crack nucleation and growth and the respective recommendations are provided concerning the avoidance of the stress corrosion failure of transit gas pipelines.

Structural Analysis and of Braking Block Sleeves on Transit Gas-Pipeline

The transit gas pipeline was built in 1970's. The gas pipeline runs from Ukraine through the southern part of the entire Slovak Republic to Czech Republic and Austria. The transit pipeline is made of 5 lines with dimensions of 1,220 and 1,420 m. In our territory, there are 4 compressor plants. Terrain obstacles such as water courses are mastered by 16 bridgings. Currently the life span of many parts is expiring. In 1998 there were completed diagnostic inspections of all the bridgings performed. Consequently, the first repairs were performed on reconstruction works on the bridgings and transit gas pipeline lines and they are on going currently, as well. Similarly, the load-bearing structures of technological parts at Compressor stations started reporting failures recently. These failures occurred by change of operation regime, especially irregularity start up of machinery and the irregular temperature changes. The submitted article analyses the anchoring block sleeve with sliding holding catches and friction braking block sleeve using the Final element method. Critical places on pipeline and sleeves were inspected whether the load-bearing capacity of material is not exceeded. The tasks were solved by use of the software Ansys. The following elements were used: Solid 178, TARGE 170 and CONTA 174.

Experimental Research of Buried Pipelines

In structural engineering, is very often needed to monitor the tension in the structures by various reconstructions. Measurement of strain is used by the analysis of additional load effects on structures that were not designed. Particularly challenging is the task in the field, where the measuring system is exposed to extreme conditions that are vastly different compared to the laboratory. To achieve relevant results the right choice of sensors should be done, but also of quality of the design applications. Transit gas pipe-lines (IP) pass through different topography, in many cases the areas are endangered by landslides. Most endangered sites in Slovakia are Slanec and Kamenne Kosihy in which the stress measurements have been realized for several years. Movement of the area is monitored by inclinometer. Expected increases of stress level in lines can also be obtained from the complex theoretical finite element model of slope landslides. These models have great software and hardware requirements, therefore, difficult to use in industrial practice. Parametric study was prepared, which makes it possible to easily determine values of additional stress in different lengths and values of landslides from the graphs. Functionality of models and results of Graph methods have been validated by experimental tests in scale of 1:1.

Dynamic effect of a pressure wave on a bypass pipeline of a compressor

Under certain circumstances where there is a relatively great difference between inner pressures of output and input pipelines of a compressor, a so-called bypass pipeline is used to connect the pipelines of the compressor. When a control valve is quickly opened, the pressure difference generates a pressure surge that might affect the operational safety of the pipeline along which the pressure wave propagates. In this work dynamic effects of a pressure surge created in the bypass pipeline of one of the compressors of a transit gas pipeline are investigated using the finite element method.

The Impact Assessment of Construction and Operation of the Transit Gas Pipeline Russia — Western Europe on Environment

The Impact Assessment of Construction and Operation of the Transit Gas Pipeline Russia — Western Europe on Environment

Theoretical and experimental evaluation of the limit state of transit gas pipelines having corrosion defects

The limit carrying capacity of gas pipelines having corrosion defects were evaluated by means of an improved FEM analysis, together with the ANSI/ASME defect judgement and an experimental verification. When compared with our past presentation at the proceedings of the CAPE'93 Colloquium (dealing with reproduced defects), this paper evaluates the remaining lifetime of a pipeline having natural faults. The new improved analysis includes geometrical nonlinearities leading to a modification of limit state parameters and thus matching better with actuality. This presented work was initiated by the firm of Trans-Gas in Prague after having had a pipeline inspected proving some parts of it as being heavily corroded. The task in hand was to determine the remaining pipeline lifetime with the view to at least a two-year period.

Remaining load carrying capacity of gas pipelines damaged by surface corrosion

The influence of surface corrosive defects on the remaining working ability of transit gas pipelines of big diameters is discussed. An analytical and a FEM-numerical approach to the problem are presented. Finally a comparison of some of the authors' experimental results (to verify the theoretical solutions) with ANSI/ASME Code recommendations is given.