Transient Analysis Research Articles

Thermal Wave and Pennes’ Models of Bioheat Transfer in Human Skin: A Transient Comparative Analysis

The primary focus of this study is to analyze comparative heat transfer in a two-dimensional (2D) multilayered human skin using thermal waves and Pennes' bioheat transfer models. The model comprises the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis tissue, and inner cells, and aims to understand their response to microwave (MW) power and electromagnetic (EM) frequency. The system of equations involves EM wave frequency and bioheat equations and uses the finite element method (FEM) for solving. It encompasses a range of microwave power levels (4-16 W), frequencies (0.9-4 GHz), and exposure durations (0-180 s). It examines how MW power and frequency affect temperature predictions due to different relaxation times. The results are visually represented, illustrating microwave power dissipation, isothermal profiles within the skin tissue, temperature trends at several locations, relaxation times, specific absorption rate (SAR), and the mean surface temperature of the multilayered dermal cell. Thermal analysis shows that Pennes' equation predicts higher temperatures than the thermal wave model of bioheat transfer (TWMBT). A notable disparity in temperature evolution is observed between the two models, especially in high-frequency transient heating scenarios. The TWMBT forecasts a delay in heat transfer, offering valuable insights into the more realistic short-term thermal behavior that the classical Pennes' model fails to capture. This comparative study underscores the significance of selecting an appropriate bioheat transfer model for precise thermal analysis in biomedical applications, such as hyperthermia treatment and thermal diagnostics. The findings emphasize the potential of the TWMBT to enhance the accuracy of thermal treatments in clinical settings.

Analysis of Vibrational Characteristics of the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong with ANSYS

Abstract. With the rapid urbanization and technological advancements in construction, modern high-rise buildings have become a symbol of urban development. However, these structures face unprecedented challenges due to their increasing height and the complex dynamic loads they must withstand. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong, a prominent architectural landmark, using ANSYS software to perform modal and transient structural analyses. The primary structure of the tower consists of five steel-reinforced concrete columns, designed to resist dynamic responses under extreme conditions such as high wind speeds and seismic activities. The modal analysis identified multiple natural frequencies and vibration modes, providing insights into the dynamic behavior of the structure. The transient structural analysis, conducted under seismic wave loading, demonstrated the tower's admirable performance under specified seismic conditions, highlighting its sufficient safety margins. This study emphasizes the importance of advanced materials and innovative structural designs in ensuring the stability and safety of high-rise buildings. The findings contribute significantly to the field of structural engineering, offering valuable insights for the design and analysis of future high-rise structures.

Transient Synchronization Stability Analysis of a Grid-Connected Wind Farm With Multiple PMSGs

Transient Synchronization Stability Analysis of a Grid-Connected Wind Farm With Multiple PMSGs

Analyzing the Temperature Dependence of Titania Photocatalysis: Kinetic Competition between Water Oxidation Catalysis and Back Electron-Hole Recombination.

This study examines the kinetic origins of the temperature dependence of photoelectrochemical water oxidation on nanostructured titania photoanodes. We observe that the photocurrent is enhanced at 50 °C relative to 20 °C, with this enhancement being most pronounced (by up to 70%) at low anodic potentials (<+0.6 V vs RHE). Over this low potential range, the photocurrent magnitude is largely determined by kinetic competition between water oxidation catalysis (WOC) and recombination between surface holes and bulk electrons (back electron-hole recombination, BER). We quantify the BER process by transient photocurrent analyses under pulsed irradiation. Remarkably, we find that the kinetics of BER (∼90 ms half-time) are independent of temperature. In contrast, the kinetics of WOC, determined from the analysis of the photoinduced absorption of accumulated surface holes, are found to accelerate up to 2-fold at 50 °C relative to 20 °C. We conclude that the enhanced photocurrent densities observed in the low-applied potential region result primarily from the accelerated WOC, reducing losses due to the competing BER pathway. At higher applied potentials (>+0.6 V vs RHE), a smaller (∼10%) enhancement in photocurrent density is observed at 50 °C relative to 20 °C. Photoinduced absorption studies, correlated with studies using triethanolamine as a hole scavenger, indicate that this more modest enhancement at anodic potentials primarily results from an enhanced charge separation efficiency. We conclude by discussing the implications of these results for the practical application of photoanodic WOC under solar irradiation, influenced by these temperature-independent and -dependent underlying kinetic processes.

Experimental study on effect of elastic-rigid composite boundary on shockwave from cavitation bubble collapse

Understanding the mechanisms behind the cavitation erosion resistance of elastic materials is the basis for the development of new cavitation erosion resistance materials. This paper employs underwater low-voltage discharge to induce cavitation bubble, combined with high-speed photography, shadowgraph methods, and transient pressure measurement systems to experimentally investigate the evolution and intensity of shockwave from bubble collapse near elastic-rigid composite boundary. Under the condition of constant elastic material thickness, with the bubble–wall distance increasing, shockwave shape evolves from multi-layers to single-layer. The peak pressure of the shockwave shows a trend of decreasing, then increasing, and finally stabilizing with increase in the bubble–wall distance. Furthermore, it was found that the elastic-rigid composite boundary causes the shockwave to reflect twice. As the material thickness increases, the intensity of the first reflected shockwave from the elastic surface decreases initially, then increases, and eventually stabilizes. However, that of the second reflected shockwave decreases. The total energy of the two reflections at the elastic interface is less than 4% of the mechanical energy of the bubble at its maximum volume. Finally, after the energy dissipation by the two reflections and material deformation, the elastic layer substrate withstands over 70% of the total mechanical energy of the cavitation bubble. There is an optimal elastic material thickness to minimize the shockwave load on the elastic layer substrate under the condition that the elastic-rigid composite boundary does not affect the evolution of cavitation bubble shape. These findings are significant for understanding bubble dynamics near elastic-rigid composite boundaries and provide theoretical support for developing cavitation erosion-resistant materials in engineering.

Common Envelopes, Gamma Rays, and Sudden Spectral Changes of Novae

A common envelope (CE) is proposed as the origin of the early post-outburst spectra of many novae. A simple model is proposed to explain the properties of the CE based on the emission line strengths and an assumed density distribution. Rapid changes in the spectrum during post-outburst decline are suggested as possible evidence for a CE. Time-resolved spectra from the ARAS group show sudden spectral shifts that are correlated with detected γ-ray emission, suggestive of its possible origin on the white dwarf that produces a change in condition within the CE. Episodic mass loss, formation of transient heavy element absorption systems, and dissipation of the CE may possibly be triggered by γ-ray emission.

Transient analysis of a SIQS model with state capacities using a non-homogeneous Markov system

Transient analysis of a SIQS model with state capacities using a non-homogeneous Markov system

Thermal hydraulic and material analysis of upgraded flat-type Graphite divertor mock-up for Pakistan Spherical Tokamak (PST)

The design of a divertor is critically dependent on managing power deposition, erosion effects, and plasma configuration. An upgraded double-null divertor configuration has been developed for the Pakistan Spherical Tokamak (PST), featuring graphite targets that are actively cooled and designed to withstand a peak heat flux of 0.3 MW/m² at a pressure of 0.1 MPa. This paper presents a comprehensive thermal-hydraulic and material analysis for the upgraded flat-type divertor mock-up system, covering aspects such as material surface heat load, peak temperature rise (∆T °C) on the mock-up, and surface temperature increase in the cooling channel. The analysis includes total deformation (mm) and equivalent strain for the inner vertical target (IVT), outer vertical target (OVT), and dome structure, along with material comparison. The recommended SST K-ω turbulence model is utilized in the pressure-based transient analysis, with an inlet velocity of 1.5 m s-1 and an inlet temperature of 16.8 °C. A comparative study of the material and thermal-hydraulic analyses was performed using CFD and RELAP5. The findings reveal that graphite is more suitable than tungsten for the PST's upgraded divertor system, demonstrating its effectiveness as the preferred surface material to address heat enhancement challenges in the PST.

Исследование влияния отклонений параметров моделей синхронных генераторов на результаты расчета динамической устойчивости электроэнергетической системы

One of the important tasks solved in planning the electric power system (EPS) operation is the assessment of its transient stability. Use of incorrect parameters for EPS element models, in particular synchronous generators (SG), contributes to the occurrence of errors when determining the operating conditions of power systems, and, therefore, can lead to a decrease in the reliability of EPS operation. This article is devoted to the study of the impact of errors in SG model parameters on the transient stability assessment results. The analysis presented in this article allows us to substantiate the relevance of the SG parameter estimation task using a “passive experiment”, such as synchronized phasor measurements. This research is based on the theory of electrical circuits, mathematical description of electrical machines and transients in EPS, as well as statistical analysis. Computational experiments have been carried out in the software package MATLAB using the simulation modeling environment “Simulink”. During the research, two different multi-machine EPS models have been used, including the well-known “IEEE 9-bus” system. To quantitatively assess the influence of SG parameter uncertainties on transient stability analysis, the values of the maximum permissible fault clearance time are determined, as well as the values of the maximum power output of generating equipment in prefault conditions. The authors have carried out a comprehensive analysis of the influence of deviations in SG model parameters on the maximum fault clearance time, as well as on the maximum power output of generating equipment in the prefault conditions for a given fault duration. During the study, two approaches have been considered; in each case, the EPS transient stability assessment has been performed almost automatically, and quantitative indicators have been computed for the influence of SG model parameter deviations on the outcome of EPS transient stability analysis. Analysis of the computational experiment results has demonstrated a significant influence of the SG model errors on the errors in calculating certain transient stability-related parameters. For the considered scenarios, the spread of errors in calculating the maximum fault clearance time reached 100 % relative to a base-case (errorless) result, and the error in calculating the maximum power output of generating equipment in prefault conditions for a given fault duration may reach 20 % relative to the errorless result.

Transient opto-thermal simulation analysis and experimental validation of LERP systems

Abstract Solid-state technology has revolutionized the lighting industry. However, efficiency-droop-limited LEDs introduce constraints to the luminances achieved, and as a result, laser diodes (LDs) are replacing them in the remote phosphor setup. This introduces a new family of lighting solutions, laser-excited remote phosphor (LERP) systems, which can outperform cutting-edge LEDs. LERP systems however have not yet reached their full potential as the high intensity laser beam induces high temperatures within the phosphor material whose emission characteristics heavily depend on temperature. For this reason, a simulation framework has been developed that combines optical and thermal analysis in order to study and optimize these systems and derive their temperature thresholds for sustainable long-term usage. The focus here is on transient analysis, where the interplay between optical and thermal effects can be accounted for and the time dynamics of the system can be investigated. This enables the study of operation points near or at the thermal quenching regime. Furthermore, advanced material models have been developed in order to incorporate the temperature-dependence. The experimental validation of the model has shown that experimental and simulated results are in good agreement.

Pulse current stabilizer with digital control for the power supply system of the plasmatron

Purpose. Solution of theoretical and practical problems on providing digital control of a pulse converter using high-speed microprocessor tools in the output current stabilization mode with provision of a specified duration of transient processes caused by an increase in load voltage and output current astaticity, which allows to obtain significant advantages over analog versions. Methodology. Review of literary and patent sources on the subject, theory of pulse automatic control systems, mathematical modeling of processes in pulse current stabilizers in the MATLAB / Simulink software environment and physical prototyping. Findings. A simulation model of an autonomous power supply system based on a converter using soft switching technology of transistors and an arc load is presented. A control law is synthesized and a model of a pulse current stabilizer is developed. A method is proposed and ways are found to control a pulse current stabilizer that provide a given duration of transients and astatism of the output current. A model of a pulse stabilizer with digital control based on a single-crystal computing module is developed and manufactured. The results of the study confirm the achievement of a finite duration of transient processes caused by a step change in the load voltage, close to 3-4 periods of conversion and output current astaticism. It is shown that the use of a pulse stabilizer using a fully digital control circuit has undeniable advantages over analog systems. Originality. The problem of synthesizing a digital controller for a given control time by the method of desired transfer functions for a soft switching operating converter on an arc load is solved. In addition to the given control time, additional quality requirements in the steady state are provided. Practical value.The use of microprocessor technology makes it possible not only to implement complex and new highly efficient control algorithms for a converter operating in the pulse current stabilizer mode, but also to perform additional functions for overload protection, self-diagnostics and telemetry of pulse converters. The use of this same digital device simultaneously for the purpose of controlling a pulse converter will allow to abandon analog PWM controllers and thereby reduce its own energy consumption and weight and size characteristics, increase the reliability of the functioning of pulse converters in power supply systems as a whole.

Enhancing the load cycling rate of subcritical coal-fired power plants: A novel control strategy based on data-driven feedwater active regulation

To accommodate high penetration of renewable power, coal-fired power plants should have high operational flexibility. However, the load cycling rate of subcritical power plants is insufficient, because conventional control strategies cannot perform well when subcritical power plants that have large thermal inertia change load with high rates. To address this issue, a novel control strategy based on idea of data-driven feedwater active regulation was proposed. To evaluate the control performance, dynamic modeling on a reference 330 MW subcritical unit was conducted, and performance indicators including load cycling performance indicator Kp, parameters cumulative deviation, and transient process average coal consumption rate were defined. Results reveal that key factor restricting load cycling rate is the exceeding of key parameters deviations. During 50%–75 % loading up process, the novel control strategy can increase ramp rate by 1.0 % Pe/min, increase Kp by 101.7 %, and reduce parameters cumulative deviations by 58.0 % at maximum and 20.3 % on average. Meanwhile, during 75%–50 % loading down process, the novel control strategy can increase ramp rate by 1.0 % Pe/min, increase Kp by 39.9 %, and reduce parameters cumulative deviations by 32.0 % at maximum and 19.1 % on average. These results demonstrate that feedwater active regulation effectively suppresses the control deviation of key parameters.

Static analysis of wind blades based on weight loads to the gravitation and the centrifugal forces Using Finite Element

Static analysis of wind turbine blades that convert kinetic energy using wind to electrical power has been analyzed using Ansys model. The geometry was imported in ANSYS workbench 2020R1, where the material was changed to Epoxy E-Glass Wet. The mesh independence that occurred at 800 and 600 element sizes and an element size of 800 was chosen for subsequent static analysis. The static analysis shows that the total deformation and von Mises stress of the wind turbine blade was improved at both the vertical position and the horizontal position by 40.0% and 38.61%, respectively. Besides, the static analysis showed an almost linear mode shape increased from mode lines. Nevertheless, Campbell's diagram showed that resonance vibration occurred at an amplitude of 5.5x106Pa with a corresponding frequency of 5Hz, which gave a rotational speed of 262.4x106 rpm. This shows that the impulse force is better applied in wind turbine blade transient analysis at a lower von Mises stress to attain a quicker damping response steady-state, which favors wind turbine blade analysis. Overall, the wind turbine blade is better designed at a vertical position to allow better deformation stress at a static position. Conversely, the von Mises stress showed 44.64% and 38.61% at horizontal and vertical positions. This also agrees with static total deformation, since stress is better managed at a lower percentage range.

A Novel Approach to Transient Fourier Analysis for Electrical Engineering Applications

This paper presents a detailed investigation into the application of transient Fourier analysis in select electrical engineering contexts. Two novel approaches for addressing transient analysis are introduced. The first approach combines the Fourier series with the Laplace–Carson (L-C) transform in the complex domain, utilizing complex time vectors to streamline the computation of the original function. The inverse transformation back into the time domain is achieved using the Cauchy-Heaviside (C-H) method. The second approach applies the Fourier transform (F-Τ) for the transient analysis of a power converter circuit with both passive and active loads. The method of complex conjugate amplitudes is employed for steady-state analysis. Both contributions represent innovative approaches within this study. The process begins with Fourier series expansions and the computation of Fourier coefficients, followed by solving the system’s steady-state and transient responses. The transient states are then confirmed using the Fourier transform. To validate these findings, the analytical results are verified through simulations conducted in the Matlab/Simulink R2023b environment.

Measurement Verification of a Developed Strategy of Inrush Current Reduction for a Non-Loaded Three-Phase Dy Transformer

This article presents the measurement verification of a novel strategy for inrush current reduction in an unloaded three-phase Dy transformer. The strategy combines appropriate pre-magnetization of transformer cores with an original control switching system using initial phase values of the supply voltage as control variables. Measurements were recorded for primary voltages and currents as well as secondary voltages during transient states at start-up under no-load conditions. Various inrush scenarios were examined across the full angular spectrum of initial phase angles, both polarities, and in regard to different pre-magnetization current values. A detailed analysis of the inrush currents was performed using proprietary automated software based on the recorded data. A comparative study with a nonlinear mathematical model of the transformer was also conducted. Additionally, key technical aspects of the designed system for implementing the proposed pre-magnetization strategy with controlled voltage energization are discussed.

The underestimated risk of prediabetes on cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure with reduced left ventricular function

Abstract Background The global prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes is increasing, highlighting an urgent public health challenge. While the cardiovascular (CV) risk of diabetes is well studied, profound data on the CV risk of prediabetes in patients with heart failure (HF) remain scarce in current literature. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship of prediabetes and diabetes with common HF associated events such as all-cause, CV death and hospitalization for HF (HHF) in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods Patients with HFrEF who were admitted to a tertiary academic center between 01/2005 and 07/2019 were included in the present analysis and then stratified according to their glycemic state. Prediabetes was defined as an HbA1c value between 5.7% and 6.4% and the absence of diabetes mellitus. The primary outcome was a composite of CV death and HHF. Secondary outcomes were the individual components of the primary outcome and all-cause death. We used cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, chronic kidney disease, body mass index, prior myocardial infarction, hypertension, CRP, and LDL-C. Results In total, 1,777 patients (median age 69 years, 24.3% female) were included in the present analysis and followed over a median of 4 years. Among them, 35.2% were diabetic, 18.7% prediabetic, and 46.1% showed non-impaired glucose metabolism. NT-proBNP levels were comparable between all glycemic groups. Both prediabetes and diabetes were found to significantly increase the risk of CV-death or HHF compared to those with normal glucose metabolism, with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 1.41 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.05-1.89) and 1.52 (95% CI: 1.17-1.97), respectively. This elevated risk applied to both components of the primary outcome, as illustrated in Figure 1. Notably, the increased risk of all-cause mortality was statistically significant only among diabetic patients (adj. HR 1.75; 95%CI: 1.30-2.36), with prediabetic patients showing a trend towards increased risk but not reaching statistical significance (adj. HR 1.40; 95%CI: 0.99-1.97). Conclusion The findings of this study underscores the independent associations between both prediabetes and diabetes with increased risks of cv-death and HHF in patients diagnosed with HFrEF. This emphasizes the critical role of glycemic status in the prognostication and management of HFrEF. The associations suggest that prediabetes is not merely a transient or benign state but has significant implications for cardiovascular health, particularly in the context of HF. In light of these findings, screening of prediabetes in patients with HFrEF might help to identify patients at risk who are susceptible for the development of HF related adverse events.Forest plot for all study endpointsKaplan-Meier curves for CV-death/HHF

Rehmannia glutinosa RgMATE35 Participates in the Root Secretion of Phenolic Acids and Modulates the Development of Plant Replant Disease

Phenolic allelochemicals from root exudates dominate rhizosphere formation, lead to autotoxicity in plants subjected to continuous monoculture (CM) stress and induce the emergence of replant disease. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing the transport of phenolics from plant roots to the rhizosphere remain poorly understood. A potential phenolic efflux transporter from Rehmannia glutinosa, designated RgMATE35, has been preliminarily characterized. The objective of this study was to elucidate the molecular function of RgMATE35 in the secretion of phenolics and to investigate its role in the development of plant replant disease using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), genetic transformation, HPLC-Q-TOF-MS and other analytical techniques. A tissue expression pattern analysis of RgMATE35 revealed that it is highly expressed in plant roots. Transient expression analysis confirmed the localization of the protein in plasma membranes. An assessment of the transport activity of RgMATE35 in Xenopus oocytes indicated that it plays a role in facilitating the efflux of labeled ferulic acid ([2H3]-FA) and trans-p-coumaric acid [2H6]-pCA. The results of functional studies in R. glutinosa demonstrated that RgMATE35 positively mediates the secretion of FA and pCA from plant roots into the rhizosphere. A molecular and physiological analysis of RgMATE35 transgenic plants subjected to CM stress revealed that the overexpression or repression of RgMATE35 resulted in notable changes in the degree of autotoxic injury in plants. These findings demonstrate that RgMATE35 plays a positive role in the development of replant disease through the secretion of phenolic acids from plant roots. They also provide a fundamental framework for elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanism through which MATEs regulate replant disease through the root secretion of allelochemicals.

Development of a control algorithm for a boost converter with the possibility of dynamic correction of control system parameters

RELEVANCE of the study lies in the development of an algorithm for controlling a DC voltage converter capable of providing a high-quality transient process with a wide change in the input parameters of the control object, affecting its nonlinear properties. purpose. THE PURPOSE. To consider methods for the development of continuous and discrete control systems for a step-up DC voltage converter and to obtain an analytical dependence of accounting for the nonlinear properties of the converter that affect the quality of regulation of the output voltage of the voltage stabilizer METHODS. The method of the average geometric root was chosen as a method for calculating the coefficients of the DC voltage converter control system, and the current circuit is adjusted using the technical optimum method, and the voltage circuit using the symmetric optimum method. The obtained analytical solutions of mathematical models and simulation models were compared in the SimInTech software environment. results. RESULTS. The simulation results show that the analytical solution of the mathematical model of the voltage stabilization system has a shorter transition time than the simulation results. This is due to the fact that in the mathematical model according to which the continuous control algorithm was synthesized, the presence of a power input filter, as well as the degree of their precharge, is not taken into account. Because of this, the transition time on simulation models is slower, applied 4 times than in the mathematical model. conclusion. CONCLUSION. When comparing the algorithms with each other, it can be seen that the algorithm obtained by converting a continuous algorithm by the Tusten method has the shortest transition time than all other algorithms. The continuous algorithm and the algorithm obtained by the inverse Euler transformation method have a speed close to each other, and the algorithm obtained by the direct Euler transformation turns out to be the slowest.

Research on the Possibilities of Expanding the Photovoltaic Installation in the Microgrid Structure of Kielce University of Technology Using Digital Twin Technology

Global challenges related to sustainable development are increasingly focusing on the use of digital twin technology as a universal tool for optimizing and monitoring renewable energy installations. This article discusses digital twin technology as a support for sustainable development based on the analysis of microgrid structures. Digital twins allow the creation of virtual models of physical systems. This capability facilitated the accurate replication of the microgrid model at Kielce University of Technology using ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program) software (version 22.5). The operational parameters of the microgrid structure were analyzed for the examined power range of the photovoltaic installation to determine the possibilities of expanding the existing installation. The impact of the photovoltaic installation’s power on the operational parameters of the microgrid structure was visualized, and final conclusions were formulated. Moreover, the integration of digital twin technology into renewable energy systems not only enhances operational efficiency but also plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainability objectives. Through real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance, digital twin technology facilitates the optimization of energy production and distribution, thereby reducing waste and contributing to the overall sustainability of energy systems. This technology enables the simulation of various scenarios, such as fluctuations in energy demand or the integration of new renewable sources, which can inform more sustainable decision-making processes. In the context of microgrids, digital twin technology ensures that energy production is closely aligned with consumption patterns, minimizing energy losses and enhancing grid resilience. Furthermore, digital twin technology supports the sustainable expansion of renewable installations by providing detailed insights into potential environmental impacts and the long-term sustainability of various energy configurations. As the demand for clean energy continues to grow, digital twin technology will be indispensable in achieving a balance between energy needs and environmental stewardship, ensuring that the expansion of renewable energy sources contributes positively to global sustainability objectives.

Assessment of the Choked Flow Model of RELAP5 for Application of Inverse Quantification Methods

In the framework of deterministic safety analysis, best estimate plus uncertainty methodologies can provide a more informative detailed analysis of transients than conservative approaches. However, one important step in the application of such methodologies is derivation of uncertainty of the physical models. Probability density functions of the physical model parameters are obtained by applying inverse uncertainty quantification (IUQ) methods to experimental data. The present work deals with evaluation of the experimental database and assessment of the simulation model, which are required steps prior to the application of IUQ methods. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission system code RELAP5 has been applied for simulation of three experimental databases on choked/critical flow: Sozzi-Sutherland, Super MobyDick, and Marviken Critical Flow Tests. First, the adequacy of the experimental data to the specific target domain is carried out, to then proceed to calibration of the input model parameters by combining the use of Gaussian Process metamodels and optimization schemes. The assessment of the simulation models is performed by evaluating independently accuracy, precision, and consistency through four statistical indicators, including a novel indicator to evaluate the consistency of the results. The final results indicate that the model is capable of reproducing the selected experimental database and overall average accuracy, precision, and consistency below the 10% threshold and can be used for application of IUQ methods.