Transient Electromagnetic Finite Element Research Articles

Thermal Behavior of a Magnetically Levitated Spindle for Fatigue Testing of Fiber Reinforced Plastic

This article discusses the critical thermal behavior of a magnetically levitated spindle for fatigue testing of cylinders made of fiber reinforced plastic. These cylinders represent the outer-rotor of a kinetic energy storage. The system operates under vacuum conditions. Hence, even small power losses in the rotor can lead to a high rotor temperature. To find the most effective way to keep the rotor temperature under a critical limit in the existing system, first, transient electromagnetic finite element simulations are evaluated for the active magnetic bearings and the electric machine. Using these simulations, the power losses of the active components in the rotor can be derived. Second, a finite element simulation characterizes the thermal behavior of the rotor. Using the power losses calculated in the electromagnetic simulation, the thermal simulation provides the temperature of the rotor. These results are compared with measurements from an experimental spindle. One effective way to reduce rotational losses without major changes in the hardware is to reduce the bias current of the magnetic bearings. Since this also changes the characteristics of the magnetic bearings, the dynamic behavior of the rotor is also considered.

Loss Measurement in a Cryogen-Free Bi-2223 HTS Dipole Magnet for Beam Line Switching

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets have several advantages for ac and pulse operation due to having a high critical temperature. However, fast magnetic field changes generate severe ac losses and eddy current losses. Therefore, loss estimation and reduction is a significant issue for HTS magnet cooling design. For future cooling design, we have measured losses of a Bi-2223 HTS magnet for beamline switching in the cyclotron facility at the Research Center of Nuclear Physics, Osaka University. The time-varying magnetic field losses for triangular wave excitation with a perpendicular magnetic field amplitude of 0.8 T in wire and a minimum period of 42 s were obtained from measured cryocooler temperatures and preliminary measured cooling capacity curve. The eddy current losses of the metal components were calculated using transient electromagnetic finite element analysis. The ac losses of the Bi-2223 wire were derived from the measured time-varying magnetic field losses and the calculated eddy current losses. The frequency dependence of their losses indicates the importance of accurate evaluation and reduction of the eddy current losses for the future magnet with higher charging speed.

Eddy Current Damper for Turbine Blading: Electromagnetic Finite Element Analysis and Measurement Results

In the dynamics of turbomachinery, the mechanical damping of the blading has been the focus of research for the last decades to improve the dynamic performance in terms of high cycle fatigue issues. In addition, an increased mechanical damping can produce a higher flutter safety margin such that stable operation conditions are achievable in a bigger range. Hence, novel damping techniques are considered besides the well known friction based damping devices. In this paper, an extended analysis of the eddy current based damping device for a last stage steam turbine blading presented in GT2009-59593 is conducted. A transient electromagnetic finite element analysis of the eddy current damper is performed, and the resulting damping forces are compared to their analytical solution. Parameter studies are carried out, and equivalent damping factors are calculated. Furthermore, for the validation of the finite element model, a test rig was built that allows for the direct measurement of damping forces when forcing a sinusoidal relative motion. Forced response measurements and simulations are used to demonstrate its dynamic performance and predictability.

전자기력을 이용한 박판 성형공정의 해석적 연구

Electromagnetic Forming (EMF) technology such as magnetic pulse forming, which is one of the high velocity forming methods, has been used for the joining and forming process in various industry fields. This method could be derived a series of deformation of sheet metal by using a strong magnetic field. In this study, numerical approach by finite element simulation of the electromagnetic forming process was presented. A transient electromagnetic finite element code was used to obtain the numerical model of the time-varying currents that are discharged through the coil in order to obtain the transient magnetic forces. Also, the body forces generated in electromagnetic field were used as the loading condition to analyze deformation of thin sheet metal workpiece using explicit dynamic finite element code. In this study, after finite element analysis for thin sheet metal forming process with free surface configuration was performed, analytical approach for a dimpled shape by using EMF was carried out. Furthermore, the simulated results of the dimpled shape by EMF were compared with that by a conventional solid tool in view of the deformed shape. From the results of finite element analysis, it is confirmed that the EMF process could be applied to thin sheet metal forming.

Adaptive time-stepping in nonlinear transient electromagnetic finite element analysis

Time-step size is automatically adapted to enable efficient convergence in nonlinear transient electromagnetic finite element computations. The adaptive time-stepping takes into account both induced eddy currents and the nonlinear reluctance matrix due to saturable B-H curves. The new algorithm is shown to obtain results that agree with fixed time-step methods, but with savings in computing time of up to 90%.