Transient Eddy Kinetic Energy Research Articles

A study of large-scale atmospheric turbulent kinetic energy in wave-number frequency space

Large-scale atmospheric turbulence is examined through the application of a wave-number frequency Fourier analysis of the velocity distributions on latitude circles. The primary advantage of the wave-number frequency energy spectra is that it permits analysis of the transient eddies in terms of their length scale and in terms of the speed and direction of their motion. Thus, the relative importance of retrogressing waves may be considered in the analysis. The kinetic energy spectra of the meridional component of velocity is found to contain a distinct band of energy for each wave number which shifts to higher negative frequencies as wave number increases from 4 through 10, at 40° N during winter season 1964. This indicates that the motion of these waves is predominantly from west to east. During the summer season, waves moving in the opposite direction carry a relatively large portion of the transient eddy kinetic energy. The terms of the component form of the kinetic energy equations in wave-number frequency space are evaluated with horizontal nondivergent velocities. The form of the equations used involves nonlinear interaction terms, which represent an inertial transfer process; ageostrophic terms, which represent the work done by the pressure and Coriolis forces; and the eddy frictional terms. Of the nonlinear interaction terms, the one which provides the largest positive or negative contribution to the spectral energy is the inertial term involving the longitudinal derivative. The largest interaction combination within each of these terms involves the spectral components of the kinetic energy production terms. This condition causes a positive contribution to the energy of waves moving from west to east and a negative contribution to waves moving from east to west. The contributions to the spectral energy through the interaction terms involving latitudinal derivatives are smaller with less consistency in sign. The interaction combinations representing the kinetic energy production in these terms have the same magnitude as several other interaction combinations. The contributions from the ageostrophic terms serve to balance the contributions from the interaction terms. The magnitude of these balancing contributions is from 2 to 5 times the magnitude of the spectral energy. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1969.tb00484.x

On the maintenance of the kinetic energy of mean zonal flow in the southern hemisphere

Wind data reported at the eight pressure levels (850, 700, 500, 400, 300, 200, 100 and 50 mb) for 121 Southern Hemisphere plus 22 Northern Hemisphere equatorial stations during the calendar year 1958 has enabled us to study the rate of generation of the kinetic energy of the mean zonal flow. The results indicate that the kinetic energy of the mean zonal motion is maintained against frictional dissipation to a large extent through a conversion of transient eddy kinetic energy through the action of the horizontal wind. The generation of zonal kinetic energy by mean meridional motion through the action of the coriolis force cannot be measured well enough, but is probably small as in the Northern Hemisphere. The standing eddy transformation integral appears to be unimportant—a result which is not true for the Northern Hemisphere. If the conversion of the kinetic energy of the transient eddies into the kinetic energy of the mean zonal flow were to cease, the atmosphere of the Southern Hemisphere would be in solid rotation in about 2 1/2 weeks. This assumes a continuation of a normal rate of dissipation during this period.