Transglottal Airflow Research Articles

Multiparametric display of vocal dysfunction: use of radar chart

The authors proposed a new method of the multiparametric display of vocal function using a radar chart. The purpose is to visualize the degree and feature of vocal dysfunction in various laryngeal diseases. The parameters analyzed were the fundamental frequency (F0), intensity of the voice, the transglottic air flow rate (F.R.) and AC/DC ratio of the expiratory air flow, which were simultaneously recorded during phonation of the vowel /a/ in the following five different fashions: easy, high-loud, high-soft low-loud and low-soft. The radar chart for easy phonation consists of four axes (F0, Intensity, F.R. and AC/DC ratio) arranged rectangularly, and the scales were determined to give a regular square for normal subjects. The radar charts for high and low pitched voices consist of six axes (F.R. and AC/DC ratio of loud and soft voices respectively, Fα and Intensity), and the scales were determined to give a regular hexagon for normal subjects. The new display was valuable for investigating the degree and feature of vocal dysfunction and for judging therapeutic effects.

Maximum Phoneme Duration of /s/ and /z/ by Children with Vocal Nodules

No AccessLanguage, Speech, and Hearing Services in SchoolsResearch Article1 Jul 1982Maximum Phoneme Duration of /s/ and /z/ by Children with Vocal Nodules Michael P. Rastatter and Melvin Hyman Michael P. Rastatter Google Scholar More articles by this author and Melvin Hyman Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.1303.197 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In The maximum phoneme duration (MPD) of /s/ and /z/ task was measured for eight male and eight female prepubertal children with medically diagnosed vocal nodules. The sustained durations for each sound were tallied for both groups of subjects and submitted to appropriate t tests. Mean s/z ratios were compiled also. Results showed that all our subjects' MPD values for both the /s/ and /z/ were shorter than those posited by Tait, Michel, and Carpenter (1980) for their normal subjects. In all cases, the /z/ was sustained longer than the /s/, evidencing a mean MPD ratio of .90. Inspection of the variance in the data showed that all subjects were able to produce the /s/ with greater consistency. Such results indicate the presence of vocal nodules does not affect the MPD s/z ratio, where as the durations of /s/ and /z/ and the variance observed across multiple productions of /z/ are affected and should be considered as diagnostically significant. Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByAmerican Journal of Speech-Language Pathology6:1 (65-69)1 Feb 1997The Contributions of Phonatory Volume and Transglottal Airflow to the S/Z RatioMichael D. Trudeau and L. Arick ForrestLanguage, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools23:2 (163-168)1 Apr 1992The Voiced/Voiceless Phonation Time in Children With and Without Laryngeal PathologyDavid N. Sorensen and Pamela Ann ParkerLanguage, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools21:1 (60-60)1 Jan 1990Reliability or Difference? A Comment on the Reliability of the S/Z RatioCharles L. Madison and J. Anthony Seikel Volume 13Issue 3July 1982Pages: 197-199 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library HistoryReceived: Apr 24, 1980Accepted: Mar 2, 1981 Published in issue: Jul 1, 1982 Metrics Downloaded 18 times Topicsasha-topicsleader-topicsasha-article-typesCopyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1982 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationLoading ...

Larynx height during English stop consonants*

Many studies argue that larynx lowering would effectively maintain the transglottal airflow necessary for voicing to continue during stop closure. The empirical support for this hypothesis is primarily the tendency of the larynx to be lower for voiced than for voiceless stops. Earlier discussion, however, frequently do not state that a larynx height difference affects glottal airflow only if it implies an increase in supraglottal volume during closure. To investigate larynx movement during closure and how it relates to oral pressure build-up, larynx height and intraoral air pressure were monitored while two subjects produced intervocalic bilabial stops. The results are damaging to the hypothesis that speakers regularly lower the larynx during voiced stops only to reduce the pressure-equalizing effect of oral closure. Although differences in larynx height between voiced and voiceless stops were observed, there were no consistent differences in the magnitude or frequency of larynx lowering during closure between the stop categories. Further, the larynx lowered during nasal stops, although nasal airflow presumably maintains transglottal airflow without cavity-enlarging maneuvers. Finally, there was no unique relationship between paired larynx height/pressure values for the voiced stop as might be predicted.

Larynx height and voicing

Many studies argue that larynx lowering would effectively maintain the transglottal airflow necessary for voicing to continue during stop closure. The empirical support for this hypothesis is primarily the tendency of the larynx to be lower for voiced than for voiceless stops. Earlier discussions, however, frequently do not state that a larynx height difference affects glottal airflow only if it implies an increase in supraglottal volume during closure. To investigate larynx movement during closure and how it relates to oral pressure build‐up, larynx height and intraoral pressure were monitored while subjects produced intervocalic bilabial stops. The results are damaging to the hypothesis that speakers regularly lower the larynx during voiced stops to reduce the pressure‐equalizing effect of oral closure. Although differences in larynx height between voiced and voiceless stops were observed, there were no consistent differences in the magnitude or frequency of larynx lowering during closure between the st...

Larynx height and intraoral air pressure during voiced stop production

Transglottal airflow is necessary for voicing. During complete oral closure, however, the capacity of the vocal tract to absorb this airflow is insufficient for the voiced stop closure durations commonly observed in speech. Some additional mechanism(s) to absorb glottal airflow must be present, and several have been suggested. This paper focuses on the hypothesis that larynx lowering is one such mechanism. To test this hypothesis, simultaneous larynx height and intraoral air pressure data were recorded for intervocalic /p, b/. Differences in the findings for the voiced and voiceless stop consonants will be evaluated.

Velopharyngeal opening in the formation of voiced stops in Sindhi.

It was proprioceptively felt that voiced and aspirated voiced stops in Sindhi are characterized by a slight nasalization. Nasal airflow during the production of voiced stops was therefore measured with a Froikaer-Jensen Electro-Aerometer. Results suggest that there is an imcomplete velopharyngeal closure which helps to absorb the transglottal airflow and thus prevents the rise in the supraglottal pressure. For the affricated palatal stops of Sindhi, the vocal fold vibrations were, however, maintained by expanding the walls of the supraglottal cavities.

Transglottal airflow during stop consonant production.

The possibility that velopharyngeal opening may cause the transglottal pressure drop necessary for the production of normal English non-nasal voiced stop consonants was investigated. Nasal airflow rate and intraoral pressure were measured during the production of a selected speech sample, produced by three normal adult females. Results suggest that nasal airflow is not uncommon during the production of non-nasal stops by normal English speakers but that the observed airflow is most likely not due to velopharyngeal opening and therefore a velopharyngeal leak represents the least probable single mechanism for the generation of a transglottal pressure drop. The hypothesis is presented that the observed nasal airflow is due to active movements of the soft palate changing the volume of the nasal cavity. The possibility that a velopharyngeal leak might contribute, in an occassional and selective manner, to transglottal flow is recognized.

Transglottic Air Flow Related to Selected Parameters of the Voice

This study was concerned with the relationship of air flow to systematic changes of vocal pitch, vocal intensity, and voice register. Nine young adult women with no previous vocal training were selected as subjects. Their respective pitch ranges were determined for the modal and upper registers and these ranges were divided into 10% segments. Vocal intensity ranges at each of these pitch levels were established and also divided into 10% segments. Air-flow measures were obtained from respirometric recordings made as each subject sustained the vowel /a/ for 4 sec at each intensity level for each pitch segment in both registers Results of these measurements showed that a progressive increase in air-flow accompanied increases in vocal intensity in both the modal and upper registers. A progressive increase in air flow also was found as vocal pitch was increased in the modal register. No such relationship was found in rite upper register.