Transformation Of Social Structure Research Articles

State and Development Guidelines in Subjective Well-being of students in Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture

With the continuous development of the global economy, the transformation of social structure continues to accelerate, people’s living conditions gradually improve, and the demand level of college students continues to increase. However, due to the relative shortage of resources and the intensification of social competition, the pressure of college students has greatly increased. All of this All have a great impact on the happiness of college students.This article uses questionnaires and interviews to study the current situation of subjective well-being among students at Guangxi Agricultural Vocational University, and to provide guidelines for the development of subjective well-being among students at Guangxi Agricultural Vocational University.The research results show that the subjective well-being of students at Guangxi Agricultural Vocational University is generally at a high level. From the three dimensions that affect subjective well-being, self-health factors have the greatest impact, followed by family factors, and school factors have the least impact.The development guidelines proposed based on the above results are as follows: 1. Schools can help students by establishing mental health consulting agencies for college students, providing relevant mental health courses and face-to-face communication between teachers and students, thereby improving students’ subjective well-being. 2. Institutionalized guarantees are needed: A clear system should be established to ensure the improvement of students’ happiness and mental health education. 3. Disadvantages of improving students’ subjective well-being: First, the school’s hardware facilities can better help students build satisfaction with the school, thereby improving their sense of well-being. Secondly, there is room for improvement in helping students solve practical difficulties, such as timely intervention in students’ employment pressure and teachers’ timely intervention in students’ psychological problems. 4. Schools should organize relevant extracurricular activities to improve students’ subjective well-being. 5. Establishing positions dedicated to managing students, such as counselor positions, will help understand and solve students’ psychological problems. 6. Regular visits to students’ parents can help to gain an in-depth understanding of students’ family life and discover some hidden psychological conditions.

Why Can Guangdong Province Be Located First in China Regarding the Birth Population and Total GDP? - Analysis Based on Social Structure Change

Under the guidance of the three-child policy and the 14th Five-Year Plan, China’s demographic and economic situations are changing. This paper takes Guangdong Province, which will rank first in China in terms of newborn population and GDP in 2022, as an example, and analyzes the reasons from the perspective of social structural transformation. The acceleration of urbanization has promoted the renewal of cities and attracted more population inflows. In terms of demographic structure, the increase in the proportion of young people proves that Guangdong Province has rich labor resources. In terms of group structure, the growth of the service sector has caused an increase in employee numbers, and the service industry has made significant contributions to Guangdong Province's economic development. The development of family units will increase the number of families, stimulate domestic demand, and promote economic development. On the other hand, the change in economic structure is conducive to Guangdong's economic development and attracting talent.

Social, political and economic influence on women leadership in the 21st century

Due to restrictions on women’s behavior and gender disparities in opportunities, much of women’s potential remains untapped in the world. In today’s ever challenging competition, the social community need to increase capability of women to take leadership in realizing their rights and determining their life outcomes among various options, so that they can lead a better life with dignity under any circumstances. The aim of this study was to determine social, political and economic influences on women leadership in today’s world. A content analysis of comprehensive in-depth interviews has taken place to understand the research phenomena. Malaysia has been chosen as the study setup where the proportion of women is almost half of the total population. Data has been analyzed using Nvivo computer programs. The result shows distinctive themes grouped under each measured variables. Social, political and economic influences shaping women leadership with many unseen obstacles at first hand, but later synchronized under study objectives. This research will endeavor not only for empowering of those that are more vulnerable in conflicts or natural disasters such as women, but also to increase awareness about gender equality among men in general and decision makers in local communities as well as among influential people (administrators, educators, politicians and religious leaders) through scientific recommendations on advocacy and training, and accelerate the transformation of social structure.

Book Review: Theda Skocpol “States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China

In “States and Social Revolutions: A comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China (1979), Theda Skocpol presents a comparative-historical analysis of social revolutions by looking beyond the existing social-scientific theories that explain the causes and outcomes of successful revolutions. Skocpol presents a contrast to the prevalent theories of social revolutions from a comparative historical analysis by presenting valid associations of potential causes within a given phenomenon. The author focuses on the structuralists’- perspectives to the causes of social revolutions in agrarian society with intense focus on the influence of transnational relations in the emergence of social-revolutionary crises that lead to basic social-structural transformations and the collapse of state organizations of old regimes.

Structure of Society From the Rugby to the Rubik’s Cube: A Stability Perspective on Social Structural Transformation

The Rugby-shaped society is considered a nearly ideal type of social structure, becoming an essentially stereotyped elite theory in the global mainstream sociology, which is fundamentally based on the practice and theoretically repeated confirmation of the super-stability function of the Rugby-shaped society in developed capitalist countries. As a result, the Rugby-shaped society has become a theoretical goal of social transformation and a general social consensus. The feasibility of localized social groupings exhibiting a Rugby-shaped structure is not necessarily adequately replicable under the condition of closer global social linkages, and the occupation-based social class structure is not always hyper-stable. The more multidimensional Rubik’s cube society contains both uncertainty and hyper-stability, and the proposed Rugby-shaped society for China should take into account the more complex influencing factors in the systemic global social structure of a Rubik’s cube society. Non-occupational factors may also increase the risk of social instability.

Breaking the Spirit of Poverty in African Pentecostal Christianity

Abstract Poverty is one of Africa’s most intractable problems. Decades of deliberate and strategic socioeconomic policies have not yielded considerable concrete results to eradicate it. Upon succeeding the brutal colonial administration, the burgeoning African governments promised their citizens material well-being through socioeconomic development. A half century later the continent is perpetually witnessing a blatant betrayal of dreams. Just like the African governments that succeeded colonial governments, religious organizations continue to promise poverty eradication by divine means to their adherents, whose numbers keep exploding across the continent. The Pentecostal variant of African Christianity is particularly renowned for its promises of wealth, health, and prosperity through supernatural divine power: in the Bible, God has promised to deliver immense material goods to those who believe in Jesus Christ. The expediency of these promises to alleviate poverty and bring about social transformation is debatable. Some scholars argue that African Pentecostalism is an elaborately complex increase in religious activities devoid of social structural transformation, while others opine that it contributes positively to development. In asking whether African Pentecostal Christianity is a move toward or a distraction from development, this article broadly explores discourses on Pentecostalism and development in Africa. Arguably, in the endeavor to preach and live out the experiential power of the Holy Spirit, Pentecostal Christianity in Africa inadvertently plays a role in the broader ongoing development discourse. Although they do not view themselves as ‘religious’ or ‘religion’, Pentecostal churches’ attempts to make the teachings of Jesus Christ relevant to the mundane help individual believers cope with life’s stresses and vulnerabilities. However, it does not transform the social conditions that create problems for individuals. The liberating hope of African Pentecostal Christianity lies in theologically nuancing its discourses to meaningfully engage in global development discourses.

The economic situation of households in Poland and the Czech Republic. Comparative analysis

Income distribution can cause large-scale transformations in social structure, as well as in the quality of life. The aim of the paper is to compare the economic situation of households in Poland and the Czech Republic. The level and the dispersion of income distributions of households and the level of poverty due to the selected socio-economic characteristics of a respondent or a household are analysed. All the conclusions are based on the results of European Quality of Life Surveys. To describe the distribution of net equivalent income, the Singh-Maddala model is used. The estimation parameters are obtained by means of the maximum likelihood method. The descriptive statistics characterising the total situation in the Czech Republic and Poland, as well as in selected socio-economic groups, are calculated. To analyse the extent, depth and severity of poverty in the countries in question, the aggregate indices are obtained. The conducted research shows a high similarity for both distribution of equivalent income and the socio-economic groups particularly exposed to monetary poverty.

Social Readiness for the Consequences of the Pandemic: Sociological View

The speed of development and transformation of modern society is directly related to the conditions in which people live. The development of science and technology leads to transformations in social structures. The article analyzes the concept of social readiness in relation to the consequences of a number of social transformations, in particular, the coronavirus infection pandemic. Connections, interactions and relationships in all spheres of society have changed dramatically over the past year. These changes in the article are compared with the consequences of the Spanish Flu pandemic, which took place more than a hundred years ago. The article reveals the peculiarities of the perception of quarantine measures, distance learning and other consequences of self-isolation due to coronavirus infection by various categories of citizens, these conclusions are made based on the analysis of qualitative and quantitative sociological data. When disclosing the concept of «social readiness», attention is paid to both internal and external factors - factors of the social environment. Among the external factors, as an example, the measures introduced after the start of the pandemic by the governments of different countries, including the Russian Federation, are given in relation to various categories of citizens. Elderly citizens, the working-age population and students are the object of research of this article. The features of the perception of work in the online format, compulsory and voluntary self-isolation, distance education in departmental and civil universities by students are considered. The empirical basis of the work was semi-structured interviews with representatives of these social groups, a questionnaire survey among one of the categories of citizens, as well as a secondary analysis of sociological research. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that the age and perception of the threat of coronavirus infection for oneself are important internal factors affecting social readiness for the consequences of the pandemic; among the external factors, socialization agents and government measures have a great influence. Promising directions for further research are indicated.

From Medicine to Health: The Proliferation and Diversification of Cultural Authority.

In his account of the medical profession's ascent, Paul Starr drew a distinction between the social authority of physicians and the cultural authority of medicine-between doctors' capacity to direct others' behavior and the ability of medical institutions and discourses to shape meanings of illness, health, wellness, and treatment. Subsequently, scholars have reflected on the social-structural transformations challenging physicians' social authority but neglected shifts in cultural authority. Focusing on the United States, we find a proliferation and diversification of cultural authority, reflecting a partial movement from the domain of medicine into new terrains of health. This shift is apparent in the resurgence of alternative healing, the advent of new forms of self-care and self-monitoring, the rise of health social movements, and the spread of health information online. We advance a research agenda to understand how the mechanisms and dynamics of cultural authority shape contests to speak in the name of health.

The Beginnings of the Anarchist Concept of Freedom in the Teaching of the Greek Cynics and Chinese Philosophical Daoists

This paper links the beginnings of anarchism to the works of some ancient Greek Cynic philosophers. Its reflections are also visible in the Chinese Daoist civilizational paradigm, so comparatively relevant ideas developed by the Greek Cynics are analysed in relation to the Chinese Daoists ideas. Basing on the surviving works by the representatives of the above-mentioned schools or only fragments of these works, the author of the paper draws attention to the aspects of social behaviour and social activities of the thinkers of the civilizational paradigms in question. These aspects are discussed in the light of the idea of anarchism, which helps to reveal distinctive contents of values. These contents are fundamentally different from the models of anarchism of the New Ages that are oriented towards the transformation of social structure or its individual systems. The radical idea of social revolution was not important to the Greek Cynics and the Chinese Daoists, although, in the course of time, there have been attempts to link these ideas with revolutionary attitudes. However, due to the ideological divide and the divide in values, the author of the paper sees no basis for a more detailed comparative analysis of the ideas of anarchism of the New Ages and ancient anarchism.

Digital resocialisation of the elderly people in the territorial centre of social services

The relevance of the study is stipulated by the fact that modern digital technologies are radically changing the economy and lifestyle in general. The information society determines the transformation of social structure, revision of patterns of social activities and stereotypes of behaviour, strategies and tactics of adaptation. Today's information technology and software encourages our society to accelerate in order to learn more and keep up with the scientific and technological progress. Under such conditions, the people of the "third" age appear to be the most vulnerable ones. Without social services and educational services, they are not able to independently master the array of innovative knowledge, including e-technology. Nowadays, a good command of the basics of the personal computer, E-technologies is becoming a necessary condition for orientation in the information flow and successful resocialisation and adaptation of the elderly people in the modern society, for overcoming digital inequality, immersion into the global information flows. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of the mechanisms enabling digital resocialisation of the elderly people within the educational environment of the University of the Third Age. The method of questionnaire survey was used to collect data, as this form of survey has an advantage – it allows respondents to carefully consider their answers without limiting their time. The article characterises and identifies the features of the impact of digital resocialisation mechanisms on the elderly within the educational environment of the University of the Third Age functioning on the platform of the territorial centre of social services (the one which provides social services). Different approaches to the mechanisms of digitalisation are presented, the importance of the University of the Third Age as an institution of digital resocialisation of elderly students is substantiated. The adaptability of the educational environment of the University of the Third Age as a resocialisation space, motivational components of the elderly have been determined, which allows the latter to realise the essential properties of the human personality at a respectable age. A social role of the digital resocialisation is transmitted through its contribution to the improvement of the quality of human life. The use of e-technologies can be considered one of the topical problems of social work with the elderly. There is still no consensus on the extent or impact of digital stratification on the process of resocialisation at an old age, which may be considered the prospect of our further research.

Biyoiktidar, Beslenme ve Annelik: Emzirmenin Kültürel ve Politik Görünümleri

This study aims to discuss how motherhood, infant nutrition, and the female body have become open to various regulations and discourses using the case of breastfeeding as the basis for reinforcing socio-political processes and ensuring the continuity of the patriarchal system. Today, nutrition and the body have become the focus of socio-political processes and discourses on these subjects with effects on the developments in natural diet, ecological life, and technological and medical knowledge. In this context, while infant nutrition with healthy and additive-free features on one hand has become important again, on the other hand it has been drawn into the center of new market and consumption processes by emphasizing these features and has been commercialized and commoditized within market relations. In this way, motherhood is being constructed normatively, and the female body has become open to supervision through discussions about breastfeeding, breast milk, and infant formula usage. From this point of view, the study will discuss issues regarding motherhood, breastfeeding, and infant nutrition in terms of the micropower relations that have control over the body as well as the concepts of biopolitics and medicalization. In this regard, the study’s main argument is that the processes concerning motherhood have been morally disciplined and constructed through the biopolitical, cultural, and medical discourses generated about motherhood and infant nutrition, despite transformations in social structures and the struggles of feminist efforts. 

The Deliberative Action in the Labor Market of Iraqi Art The Concepts and the Application

The analysis of the orientations of Iraqi art commodification contributed to the discovery of deliberation, which was founded in the deliberative discourse in the trends towards commodification in the Iraqi art, since the important transformations in social structures and relations produced a dictionary with new vocabulary and tools that replaced the traditions and norms that have been in circulation for a century. Deliberation and commodification have become more prevalent in the mechanics and trends of the art where the pace of change is becoming increasingly frantic towards the market. The general market for art constitutes one of the most effective phenomena within contemporary art, that there has been a proliferation of sales auctions, markets and halls and became part of the production process, and there is a general agreement on the deliberative consumerism and the functional use which has reverted the course of art in different directions in its procedural form. The research has adopted the descriptive analytical approach that determines the image which the phenomenon of deliberation must take. This approach is not limited to knowing the characteristics of the phenomenon, but extends beyond that to know the variables and factors that cause its existence, diagnosis and description, and the research will has adopted the applied approach in the analysis of some of its outputs.

From elite capture to marginalization of the poorest: a new social exclusion in anti-poverty programmes in China

ABSTRACT Based on a case study of state-directed aid resources in anti-poverty programmes, we detected a new phenomenon of social exclusion in China. In a period of several years, a shift is observed from elite capture to marginalization of the poorest. This phenomenon occurs under the administrative pressure from the authoritarian state and the morbid democratic mechanism. Contemporary structural changes in economic and social culture also make it difficult for marginal people to escape from this predicament. From a social structural transformation point of view, we suggest that the marginalization of the poorest should be seriously taken into consideration in rural development programmes and policies.

Контуры образа будущего: социоструктурный аспект

The article provides a brief discourse of transformation of social structure in the postindustrial society. It is proved that as the result of postindustrial development, the characteristic features of a new model of society are as follows: transformation of the structure of employment; segmentation of the labor market; gap between workers in the labor market; growth of non-market groups raised by the welfare state. At the same time, in Russia the transformation of the professional structure is slowed down by a number of internal factors, including the education system. The author highlights contradictions related to the self-identification of the working population, most of which in Russia and in the world associate themselves with the middle class. It has been found that in Russia weak identification with the working class is associated with the decline in the prestige of the “blue-collar” workers, while in other countries the self-identification of individuals with employees is secondary, although its degree varies from country to country.

Трансформация социальной структуры российского общества в 1917 году

Трансформация социальной структуры российского общества в 1917 году

Reflection upon mores and the Reconstruction Movement: A dilemma of the Yongjia Conservatives during the Post-Taiping Restoration

The law of power in Xia-Qi (chivalry) destroyed the hierarchical structure of the Imperial and produced an equalization so that the traditional governance was involved in crises. It was on the reflection upon the crises that the reconstruction prompted by literati during the Tongzhi and Guangxu periods was based. Confucian classics studies played an important role in shaping the elites’ ideology and individual wills. Associations of literati and kinship networks also contributed to the spread of these academic studies. Different judgments about the real relations between people of different social statuses caused conflicts in social transformation practices. For example, a higher-ranking group of literati in Wenzhou in southeast ZhengJiang province adopted a conservative scheme of reconstructing the patriarchal clan system and Confucian academic traditions in order to realize moralization in the imperial political structure. This conservative reconstruction, however, had an impact contrary to its initial goal of moralization: scholar-tyrants plundered finite land resources in the local mountainous society, while those disciples following the higher-ranking masters corrupted the academic atmosphere so that aristocratic politics became the principles dominating the private school of the prominent clan. In addition, immorality among close relatives in the prominent family ruined local customs. Superficially, it seemed that conservative moralization was obstructed and that local affairs managed by the literati had failed, but this created a new historical opportunity for the transformation of social structure in modern China. Social organizations that were based on general individual mind structures would play a fundamental role in the modern democracy in China.

Historicizing Contemporary Growth: The Ethiopian Revolution, Social-Structural Transformation, and Capitalist Development

Abstract This article aims to historicize the current conjuncture in Ethiopia, which is characterized by rapid economic growth. It aims to do so by using a historical and political economy perspective to analyze the social-structural transformation that the Ethiopian revolution entailed, the nature and dynamics of the social structures that emerged as a result of the Ethiopian revolution, and the manner in which those structural transformations relate to the current phase of capitalist growth in the country. It is argued that the Ethiopian revolution, by eliminating the rentier landlord class; by elevating in its place a modern petit bourgeois category to the commanding positions of the state apparatuses and of the economy; by creating an internal market out of the freed peasantry; by enhancing and deepening the relative autonomy of the state, along with its ability to intervene in the economy and act as an agent and promoter of accumulation; and by thoroughly subjugating labor, created a social structure conducive to capitalist development and laid the foundations for the current spurt of rapid capitalist growth.

The Effects of Globalization on Employment: Bounds Test Approach in Turkey Sample

The increase of economic, political, social, and cultural relationships between the countries with globalization has resulted in a shift from industrial society to information society. With knowledge-intensive work being replaced by labor-intensive work in the process of globalization, economic and social structural transformation has occurred. Globalization affects the countries economically and socially. One of these affected areas is employment. In this study, ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed lag) bound test approach was analyzed using Turkey?s data in 1970-2011 to find about the effects of globalization on employment. As a result of analysis, it was found out that the series were in a co-integration correlation. The findings showed that globalization affected employment positively in the long term, and the deviations in the series in the short term are removed in the long term.

Handicapped Class Analysis in Post-Soviet Ukraine, and a Push for Revision

Class analysis has never gone out of fashion in Ukraine, but it has been conducted in ways that limit its effectiveness and ability to make sense of the world. It is marked by four aspects inherited from Soviet times: a focus on large-scale surveys offering only surface presentations of findings, a gradational rather than relational orientation to class, unwillingness to engage with subjective experiences of class, and a tendency towards functional legitimation of the existing order. Data showing significant transformation of social structure and high levels of inequality tend to be presented with little consideration of its meaning for people’s lives. The absence of serious theoretical reflection, deep ethnographic analysis, or studies of class relations and power constitute significant handicaps for Ukrainian sociology. A recently created group of young sociologists gathered around the journal and website Commons/Spilne has been seeking to overcome these limitations. Embracing “public sociology’s” aim of producing reflexive knowledge for academic and non-academic audiences alike, this new milieu, with its creators trained in western universities and engaged with Marxist social science and left-wing politics, has explored topics such as changing relations in work, the informal economy, independent unions, labor mobilization, and ethnographic study of workers’ life-worlds. Pressing work still needs to be done on the oligarchical business class, middle-class activists, class politics across regions, and the Maidan events of 2014 and the conflicts and violence that have followed.