Principles Of Transfer Research Articles

Design & Simulation of an Intelligent Energy Management System for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

The transition towards electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates the development of efficient and reliable charging infrastructure. This paper presents the design and simulation of an EV charging station using MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed charging station incorporates both wired and wireless charging capabilities, aiming to provide a comprehensive solution that meets the diverse needs of EV users. The design process involves creating detailed models of the charging station components, including the power electronics for AC/DC conversion, wireless power transfer modules, and control systems for charge management. The MATLAB/Simulink environment offers robust tools for modeling and simulating these components, allowing for thorough analysis and optimization. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the charging station design in terms of efficiency, power management, and user convenience. The wired charging system is modeled to ensure compliance with standard charging protocols, optimizing the power flow to achieve minimal charging times while maintaining safety and reliability. The wireless charging system, based on inductive power transfer principles, is evaluated for its alignment sensitivity, power transfer efficiency, and interoperability with different vehicle models. Key performance metrics such as charging efficiency, power quality, and thermal performance are analyzed under various operating conditions. The simulation results indicate that the proposed design can achieve high efficiency and reliable operation, with wireless charging efficiencies exceeding 90% under optimal alignment conditions. Keywords: METLAB, Simulink, AC-DC, Simulation, Wireless Charging etc.

The Dimension of the Set of ψ-Badly Approximable Points in All Ambient Dimensions: On a Question of Beresnevich and Velani

Abstract Let $\psi :{\mathbb{N}} \to [0,\infty )$, $\psi (q)=q^{-(1+\tau )}$ and let $\psi $-badly approximable points be those vectors in ${\mathbb{R}}^{d}$ that are $\psi $-well approximable, but not $c\psi $-well approximable for arbitrarily small constants $c>0$. We establish that the $\psi $-badly approximable points have the Hausdorff dimension of the $\psi $-well approximable points, the dimension taking the value $(d+1)/(\tau +1)$ familiar from theorems of Besicovitch and Jarník. The method of proof is an entirely new take on the Mass Transference Principle (MTP) by Beresnevich and Velani (Annals, 2006); namely, we use the colloquially named “delayed pruning” to construct a sufficiently large $\liminf $ set and combine this with ideas inspired by the proof of the MTP to find a large $\limsup $ subset of the $\liminf $ set. Our results are a generalisation of some $1$-dimensional results due to Bugeaud and Moreira (Acta Arith, 2011), but our method of proof is nothing alike.

Superlative mechanical energy absorbing efficiency discovered through self-driving lab-human partnership

Energy absorbing efficiency is a key determinant of a structure’s ability to provide mechanical protection and is defined by the amount of energy that can be absorbed prior to stresses increasing to a level that damages the system to be protected. Here, we explore the energy absorbing efficiency of additively manufactured polymer structures by using a self-driving lab (SDL) to perform >25,000 physical experiments on generalized cylindrical shells. We use a human-SDL collaborative approach where experiments are selected from over trillions of candidates in an 11-dimensional parameter space using Bayesian optimization and then automatically performed while the human team monitors progress to periodically modify aspects of the system. The result of this human-SDL campaign is the discovery of a structure with a 75.2% energy absorbing efficiency and a library of experimental data that reveals transferable principles for designing tough structures.

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of oxytetracycline by Z-scheme heterostructure ZIF-8/Bi4O5Br2

Semiconductor photocatalysis technology has a wide range of application in the treatment of environmental pollution. In this study, the Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst ZIF-8/Bi4O5Br2 was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The morphology, structure, mechanism and photocatalytic performance of the materials were studied. Under simulated sunlight illumination for 60 minutes, the degradation efficiency of oxytetracycline (15 mg·L−1) reached 94.2 %. In light of density functional theory calculation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, the attack sites and degradation pathways of OTC were determined. The consequence of free radical capture test and electron paramagnetic resonance detection showed that ·O2-, ·OH and h+ were the primary active substances. Based on the analysis above, the charge transfer principle of Z-scheme heterojunction was further elucidation. It inhibited the recombination of photo carriers and improved the photocatalytic performance. This work provides a hopeful measure for photocatalytic degradation of OTC by Z-scheme heterojunction composite.

CdTe@ZnS quantum dots for rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide in agricultural products

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) constitute the most widely employed class of pesticides. However, the prevalent use of OPPs, while advantageous, raises concerns due to their toxicity, posing serious threats to food safety. Chemical sensors utilizing quantum dots (QDs) demonstrate promising applications in rapidly detecting OPPs residues, thereby facilitating efficient inspection of agricultural products. In this study, we employ an aqueous synthesis approach to prepare low toxic CdTe@ZnS QDs with stable fluorescence properties. To mitigate the risk of imprecise measurements stemming from the inherent susceptibility of fluorescence to quenching, we have adopted the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for the construction of the turn-on quantum dot sensor. With a detection limit for chlorpyrifos as low as 10 ppb (10 μg/L), the QDs sensor exhibits notable resistance to interference from various pesticides. Application of this system to detect organophosphorothioate pesticides in apples produced results consistent with those obtained from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detection, affirming the promising application prospects of this sensing system for the rapid detection of OPPs residues.

A Time-Frequency Domain Feature Extraction Approach Enhanced by Computer Vision for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Monitoring Using Fourier and Wavelet Transform

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a rapidly growing technology that offers several advantages over traditional manufacturing methods, such as high deposition rates and the ability to build large components in a cost-effective manner. However, WAAM is also prone to the generation of defects, so the timely identification of anomalies is important to reduce the waste and get components of high quality. To develop anomaly detection application, the feature extraction process represents a key ingredient which allows machine learning systems to analyze big data. Waveform GMAW welding processes are typically used in WAAM to reduce the heat input supplied to the material and avoid defects such as excessive bending of parts and residual stress. These processes are based on the controlled dip transfer principle, so the waveforms should repeat themselves during deposition. This suggests that the frequency content of the voltage and current welding signals acquired during the process can provide important information about the process state. In this research, an experimental campaign was conducted to collect data for pulsed welding and surface tension transfer (STT) processes during the deposition of mild steel ER70S6, stainless steel 316L, Aluminum 4043, and Inconel 718 alloys. Welding voltage and current signals were acquired during the building processes, and a frequency domain analysis was conducted using the Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with the aim to extract features from signals aiming to better separate the feature space, which means improve anomaly detection performance in detecting defects like arc instability, porosity, geometrical defect due to arc blow and humping. Furthermore, a methodology based on time-frequency analysis enhanced by Gabor filter for texture anomaly detection of scalograms obtained by Morlet Continuous Wavelet Transform is proposed, which showed an improvement of performance in separation between normal and anomalous deposition of several materials under different welding technologies.

Introducing the Principles of Tendon Transfer for Surgical Trainees to Improve Anatomical Knowledge

Introduction: Surgeons require procedural experience and a clear understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of the muscles to successfully examine patients and accurately execute tendon transfer operations. Aims: The purpose of the study was to identify the principles of tendon transfer surgeries, develop a training package that focused on anatomical knowledge gaps and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed to identify the principles of tendon transfers and areas of insufficient knowledge in these surgeries. 128 eligible studies were extracted through an online database search. Clinical case examples from these papers were used to develop a training package to educate trainees. The effectiveness of the training package was evaluated by a questionnaire which captured the familiarity of the trainees with the material taught. Results: The systematic review highlighted 8 main principles of successful tendon transfer procedures. The questionnaire outcome revealed 66% of attendees at the annual surgeons in training workshop recognised the need to have a firm understanding of anatomy. 70% of attendees reported a significant enhancement in their basic scientific understanding and an overwhelming 90% observed an improvement in their anatomical knowledge. 90% expressed confidence in the training provided and its prospects of improving their chances of success in their surgical examination and would therefore recommend the training to others. Conclusion: Case discussions are pivotal in improving trainee anatomical knowledge and surgical understanding. Therefore, directly refining patient assessment and achieving precise diagnosis. This coupled with applying the 8 principles will ultimately achieve more successful surgical outcomes in tendon transfer surgeries.

QM/MM Free Energy Calculations of Long-Range Biological Protonation Dynamics by Adaptive and Focused Sampling.

Water-mediated proton transfer reactions are central for catalytic processes in a wide range of biochemical systems, ranging from biological energy conversion to chemical transformations in the metabolism. Yet, the accurate computational treatment of such complex biochemical reactions is highly challenging and requires the application of multiscale methods, in particular hybrid quantum/classical (QM/MM) approaches combined with free energy simulations. Here, we combine the unique exploration power of new advanced sampling methods with density functional theory (DFT)-based QM/MM free energy methods for multiscale simulations of long-range protonation dynamics in biological systems. In this regard, we show that combining multiple walkers/well-tempered metadynamics with an extended system adaptive biasing force method (MWE) provides a powerful approach for exploration of water-mediated proton transfer reactions in complex biochemical systems. We compare and combine the MWE method also with QM/MM umbrella sampling and explore the sampling of the free energy landscape with both geometric (linear combination of proton transfer distances) and physical (center of excess charge) reaction coordinates and show how these affect the convergence of the potential of mean force (PMF) and the activation free energy. We find that the QM/MM-MWE method can efficiently explore both direct and water-mediated proton transfer pathways together with forward and reverse hole transfer mechanisms in the highly complex proton channel of respiratory Complex I, while the QM/MM-US approach shows a systematic convergence of selected long-range proton transfer pathways. In this regard, we show that the PMF along multiple proton transfer pathways is recovered by combining the strengths of both approaches in a QM/MM-MWE/focused US (FUS) scheme and reveals new mechanistic insight into the proton transfer principles of Complex I. Our findings provide a promising basis for the quantitative multiscale simulations of long-range proton transfer reactions in biological systems.

Bridging theory and practice: CFD simulation and interactive VR for conduction heat transfer learning

AbstractSoftware simulation programs and virtual reality (VR) have become powerful tools for several educational purposes, and recently, they were used in a wide range of applications. In cases of inaccessibility to labs, workshops, or industries, as happened before in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, these tools could be effectively integrated with practical lab experiments. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and a VR module were utilized to simulate heat transfer by conduction through various experimental cases. The CFD simulation results were obtained using ANSYS/FLUENT software. Meantime, the experimental data were obtained by carrying out three experiments of heat conduction with different heat transfer rates through simple, composite, and different cross‐sectional area bars. At last, the experimental procedure and devices used were virtually constructed using SolidWorks software as three‐dimensional models, which were then extruded into VR and augmented reality models. It was found that the simulation results closely align with the experimental ones, and the temperature profile in both cases has the same behavior with small differences, which indicates the validity of the developed module to be used as a simulation of the actual experiments. In addition to improving knowledge of heat transfer principles, this combination of simulation and VR technology advances many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including advancing quality education (SDG 4) and innovation in higher education (SDG 9). Additionally, this method assists in achieving the course learning objectives by mimicking real‐world lab experiments, guaranteeing that students graduate from the course with the required information and abilities.

Shaft alignment for rotary machines using wireless power transfer process: Foundations and design approach

The aim of this paper is to present the fundamentals of an original method of shaft alignment for rotating machines based on the principle of wireless power transfer (WPT) process. WPT alignment of shafts in rotating machinery is simple and more accurate than existing methods (conventional mechanical methods or Laser-optical method) and can result in reduced power consumption and minimized mean time between failures. Shaft alignment is an important factor in the proper functioning and longevity of machinery. Proper shaft alignment ensures that the rotating shafts of a machine are in a straight line and rotate on the same axis. This contributes to reducing the wear and tear on the bearings and other components of the machine, leading to improved reliability and longer service life. A high precision WPT alignment system has been designed with the primary coil placed in the driver machine, as an electrical motor, and the secondary coil placed in the driven machine, as a pump. The calculation of the magnetic interactions between both coils (primary and secondary coils), in particular the mutual inductance and coupling coefficient, perfectly explains deviations in the shaft (angular misalignment and parallel offset) and aligns entirely with measurement results, with a difference of approximately 4%. This new alignment method with magnetic interactions has proven effective in designing and implementing actual shaft alignment. WPT alignment offers precise shaft alignment tools for proper alignment of shafts and reduces troubleshooting issues.

The theory of screws derived from a module over the dual numbers

AbstractThe theory of screws clarifies many analogies between apparently unrelated notions in mechanics, including the duality between forces and angular velocities. It is known that the real 6-dimensional space of screws can be endowed with an operator $$\mathcal {E}$$ E , $$\mathcal {E}^2=0$$ E 2 = 0 , that converts it into a rank 3 free module over the dual numbers. In this paper we prove the converse, namely, given a rank 3 free module over the dual numbers, endowed with orientation and a suitable scalar product ($$\mathbb {D}$$ D -module geometry), we show that it is possible to define, in a canonical way, a Euclidean space so that each element of the module is represented by a screw vector field over it. The new approach has the effectiveness of motor calculus while being independent of any reduction point. It gives insights into the transference principle by showing that affine space geometry is basically vector space geometry over the dual numbers. The main results of screw theory are then recovered by using this point of view.

The Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture for systems of linear forms

AbstractWe extend the Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture to the setting of systems of linear forms in variables. That is, we establish a criterion to determine whether, for a given rate of approximation, almost all or almost no ‐by‐ systems of linear forms are approximable at that rate using integer vectors satisfying a natural coprimality condition. When , this is the classical 1941 Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture, which was proved in 2020 by Koukoulopoulos and Maynard. Pollington and Vaughan proved the higher dimensional version, where and , in 1990. The general statement we prove here was conjectured in 2009 by Beresnevich, Bernik, Dodson, and Velani. For approximations with no coprimality requirement, they also conjectured a generalized version of Catlin's conjecture, and in 2010, Beresnevich and Velani proved the cases of that. Catlin's classical conjecture, where , follows from the classical Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture. The remaining cases of the generalized version, where and , follow from our main result. Finally, through the mass transference principle, our main results imply their Hausdorff measure analogues, which were also conjectured by Beresnevich et al.

Line-of-sight Initial Pointing Model of Space Dynamic Optical Network and Its Verification

In dynamic space networks, achieving high precision and fast initial pointing of the optical line of sight (LOS) is the key goal in developing this technology. It is the premise and basis of realizing optical LOS capture. Based on the composition and working principle of space optical networking systems, and the effect of real-time position and attitude changes on LOS initial pointing between networks, the matrix transformation and transfer principle is used to establish a multi-link LOS initial pointing model and analyze the factors affecting the size of the field of uncertainty (FOU). In a dynamic space optical networking experiment, the “one-to-two” simultaneous LOS pointing test is carried out, which shows that the model can realize the function of multi-link LOS initial pointing. The sizes of the FOU of the test terminal are 8.67 mrad and 8.34 mrad, respectively, with an average capture time of 18.3 s.

Metaphorization and Metonimization as Tools of Semantic Derivation (Based on English Economics Textbooks)

This paper studies two types of indirect (secondary) nomination: simulative and indicative, taken extracts from English economics textbooks. The similative nomination is actualized through functional transfer, which is interpreted as a separate kind of metaphor termed “actional metaphor”. The analysis of indicative nomination is focused on metonymy and synecdoche (as a closely related device), which is conditioned by the same transfer principle on the basis of an essential attribute. The semantic derivates are considered in sentences representing such a logical form of thought as definition, which reveals the metaphoric and metonymic processes in the field of English economic terminology.Our analysis reveals the interrelations between models of terms and their functions as designators of target and source domains on the one hand, and types of cognitive metaphor (ontological and conceptual), on the other. The author comes to the conclusion that both types can have either simple or complex structures. Similarly, there are simple and complex metonymies. These are the peculiarities of this type of economic discourse from the point of view of semantic derivation. Another feature of economic discourse is the tendency towards the uniform secondary semiotic code when describing metaphorized terms.With regard to indicative secondary nomination, the main findings are as follows: the metonymic lexis is organized as a chain of oppositions: terms and nomens – terms – terms and common lexis – common lexis. The mechanism of forming “mixed” kinds of indirect nominations, i.e. metaphtonymy and synecdoche-metonymy, is revealed in the course of the contextual analysis. This leads the author to a hypothetical argument that it is the actional metaphor that underlies these mixed types of semantic derivatives.Both types of the secondary nomination have a systemic nature: metaphor is described in other system units; metonymies have a field structure and are actualised through specific oppositions. Transl.: Anokhina S.P. 2021. Metaphorization and Metonimization as Tools of Semantic Derivation (Based on English Economics Textbooks). Professional Discourse & Communication. 3(3). P. 65–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24833/2687-0126-2021-3-3-65-82

Transference for loose Hamilton cycles in random 3‐uniform hypergraphs

AbstractA loose Hamilton cycle in a hypergraph is a cyclic sequence of edges covering all vertices in which only every two consecutive edges intersect and do so in exactly one vertex. With Dirac's theorem in mind, it is natural to ask what minimum ‐degree condition guarantees the existence of a loose Hamilton cycle in a ‐uniform hypergraph. For and each , the necessary and sufficient such condition is known precisely. We show that these results adhere to a ‘transference principle’ to their sparse random analogues. The proof combines several ideas from the graph setting and relies on the absorbing method. In particular, we employ a novel approach of Kwan and Ferber for finding absorbers in subgraphs of sparse hypergraphs via a contraction procedure. In the case of , our findings are asymptotically optimal.

A dimensional mass transference principle from ball to rectangles for projections of Gibbs measures and applications

Mass transference principle are tools designed to provide estimates for the Hausdorff dimension of points approximable at a certain rate by a specific sequence of points (for instance rationals). Usually, such results are established provided that ambiant space is equipped with an Ahlfors regular measure (see [7,28] for instance). In the case of balls, Barral and Seuret established that mass transference principles still holds provided that the ambiant measure is a Gibbs measure or a self-similar measure satisfying the open set condition ([3]). In this article, we establish a mass transference principle “from ball to rectangle” assuming that the ambiant measure is the projection of Gibbs measure on the dyadic grid. Such measures are not Ahlfors regular in general and this result extends in particular the mass transference principle from ball to rectangle in the case of the Lebesgue measure, established in [28], and partially the result of Barral and Seuret [3]. As an application, given b∈N, we estimate the dimension of weighted approximation of points of [0,1]2 approximable by points with rational coordinates whose expansion in base b has prescribed frequencies. These results are new and surprising in the sens that, although the Lebesgue measure “scales” naturally rectangles, this needs not be the case for projection of Gibbs measures.

An activity-based sensing fluorescent probe for monitoring endogenous peroxynitrite in Alzheimer's disease models

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that brings great suffering and heavy economic burden to patients. Increasing evidence suggests that peroxynitrite (ONOO−) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD by mediating neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Developing effective peroxynitrite probes to monitor ONOO− is of great significance for the investigation and diagnosis of AD. Herein, two molecular fluorescent probes (NBD-Y and NBD-I) bearing a 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD) moiety were designed and synthesized for specific ONOO− detection. NBD-Y and NBD-I exhibited a rapid response (within 3 s), low detection limits (11 and 45 nM, respectively), high aqueous solubility (DMSO/PBS = 1: 199, v/v), high selectivity, excellent blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrability (log P = 3.397), and a ∼78-fold decrease in fluorescence intensity in response to ONOO−. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results indicated that ONOO− may oxidatively break the C-N bond of the probe, resulting in a blue shift of the absorption spectrum due to the principle of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). Furthermore, NBD-Y has been successfully applied for the detection of endogenous ONOO− in SH-SY5Y cells and is further employed for in vivo imaging in AD mouse models. These results denoted that NBD-Y may serve as a potential biological tool for further understanding the distinct physiological and pathological significance of ONOO−.

Analysis of the revitalization of the defense industry following Japan’s security strategy re-arrangement: Focusing on the ‘3 principles of defense equipment transfer

Analysis of the revitalization of the defense industry following Japan’s security strategy re-arrangement: Focusing on the ‘3 principles of defense equipment transfer

Augmented anastomotic ureteral reconstruction using buccal mucosal graft, initial experience.

To assess the augmented anastomotic ureteral reconstruction using buccal mucosal graft based on omental flap for managing ureteral stricture. This prospective cohort study was conducted on 13 patients with ureteric strictures of different lengths secondary to Bilhalziasis, iatrogenic (post endoscopy) and post inflammatory etiology in upper and mid ureteral segments were treated with buccal mucosal patch grafts and The graft is fixed to the undersurface or the posterior surface of the omentum before doing graft anastomosis to the ureteral walls as to ensure the process of graft take sticky to the principles of tissue transfer. All patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination for assessment of pain, lower or upper urinary track symptoms and laboratory investigation (complete blood count, CRP, liver function test and kidney function test (serum urea and creatinine). The mean operative time was 148.85 min and mean hospital stay was 3 days. Mean blood loss was ranged from 20 to 210 ml and Stent was removed after 8-12 weeks. The mean follow up was 13 months, all patients had a non-obstructive RI value <0.7 with a non-obstructed drainage pattern on the diuretic renogram except one patient who had severe postoperative UTI necessitating nephrostomy tube insertion his drainage curve was plateau. BMG ureteroplasty is a valuable option for a carefully selected patient. The fixation of the graft on the back surface of the omentum allows for better anatomical reconstruction without any twisting to the omental pedicle.

Simulation of ice deposition in a freeze dryer condenser: A computational fluid dynamics study

The development and validation of a mechanistic model for the deposition of ice within a freeze-dryer condenser using Computational Fluid Dynamics is presented in this paper. Freeze-drying, a dehydration technique used widely in the pharmaceutical and food industries, involves the sublimation of frozen product moisture under controlled conditions. The efficiency of the condenser has a significant impact on the overall process efficiency and product quality. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of ice deposition is essential for freeze-drying processes. The proposed condensation model integrates fundamental heat and mass transfer principles with the specific interactions that occur at the solid-vapour interface during ice deposition, and integrates it further with transport phenomena in the condenser, including fluid flow, heat and vapour transport influencing the deposition kinetics of the ice. To validate the model, experiments were conducted under controlled freeze-drying conditions, and the results compared with the results of the developed model. The numerical results fell within the confidence interval of the measured values, which shows a high degree of agreement between the model predictions and the experimental data, and confirms the reliability of the proposed approach. Using the validated model, a parametric study was also conducted, to evaluate the effects of condenser temperature, sublimation rate and the presence of inert gas on the pressures within the system and the efficiency of the deposition. The mechanistic model provides detailed insights into the ice deposition kinetics during freeze drying, and enables process engineers to optimise the condenser design and operating parameters in order to improve performance and product quality.