Innovation Transfer Research Articles

Без мобильности нет креативности: антропология транспорта Сибири и Дальнего Востока

The subject of this article is the new role of individual mobility in the development of the territories of Siberia and the Far East. The purpose of the study was to justify the importance of a comprehensive study of the phenomenon of mobility as the most important factor in the new economic growth of Siberia and the Far East after using a set of regional analysis methods – statistical, sociological, cartographic, and others. In the regions of Siberia and the Far East, the last thirty years there has been a ‘quiet’ revolution of mobility – when automobiles got a rapid development to compensate for exploding airfares, especially in the zone of non-alternative transport and especially in winter. Its role in the consolidation of communication, in the flow of knowledge, in the transfer of best practices and innovations is extremely significant. Since transport and local transport systems play such a decisive role in the development of the sparsely populated territories of Siberia and the Far East, it is natural to see the reserves for the growth of these territories through their modernization. There are three zones of transport arrangement: 1) alternative, 2) non-alternative and 3) off-road transport. In the first zone, we are talking about strengthening innovation centers in interregional transport hubs. In the second, about the emancipation of the forces of mobility (primarily of individuals and small businesses), in the third, about the comprehensive promotion of non-stationary forms of temporary closeness as a source of fruitful communication and places of birth of new ideas

Automatic Switch Company: Alive and Well [History

For more than a century, the Automatic Switch Company (ASCO), now ASCO Power Technologies (Figure 1), provided emergency and standby power equipment to a wide range of industries. Best known for its innovative and robust transfer switches, ASCO Power also developed industry-leading solutions for power control switchgear and other equipment used in mission-critical applications. This article summarizes ASCO Power?s history of innovation and its continuing influence on the industries it serves.

INSTITUTIONAL FUNDAMENTALS FOR THE FORMATION OF INVESTMENT-INNOVATION CLUSTERS IN THE AGRARIAN SECTOR

Abstract Introduction. For further effective development of agricultural production, it is necessary to develop new economic mechanisms and forms of interaction between the state, business, science and education to accelerate the process of introduction of new developments in production, attracting investment in the agricultural sector. The work is aimed at improving the mechanisms for managing the investment and innovation development of agricultural production on the basis of the creation of regional clusters, using public-private partnerships to ensure the transfer of innovations to agricultural development and increase the level of competitiveness of national producers in the free trade area with EU countries. The purpose of the study is to consider the institutional principles of managing the investment and innovation development of agricultural production on the basis of the creation of regional clusters. On the basis of this, the structure of the investment-innovation cluster with the inclusion of the infrastructure of the money capital market was developed. Results. The necessity to introduce into the structure of investment-innovative cluster of monetary capital infrastructure is established. The essential functions of which are: the organization and maintenance of cash flow, the integration of the necessary cash resources in specific areas and areas of activity. It is determined that the difference between the investment and innovation cluster from other forms of economic formations is that the cluster members do not go for full merger, but form a mechanism of interaction, which allows them not to lose the status of a legal entity and thus to cooperate with other cluster members and for beyond. The basic approaches to the estimation of the efficiency of activity of cluster formations as a result of increase of the level of utilization of available capacities, increase of opportunities of attraction of investments, emergence of synergistic effect are defined. Conclusions. It is determined that the investment-innovation cluster is a purposefully created group of organizations, which operate on the basis of centers of enhancement of scientific knowledge and business ideas and training of highly qualified specialists. Keywords: cluster, management, investment and innovation development, agrarian production, process, capital.

A mechanically robust silver nanowire–polydimethylsiloxane electrode based on facile transfer printing techniques for wearable displays

Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have attracted considerable attention as transparent electrodes for emerging flexible optoelectronics. However, the transference of such networks onto diverse arbitrary substrates with high conductivity remains a challenge because of the possibility of detaching and sliding occurring at the interface. Therefore, we developed a water-assisted transfer printing method for the fabrication and transfer of an AgNW-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) electrode. This innovative approach exhibits a robust ability for thin film transfer onto arbitrary substrates and has highly controlled and nondestructive characteristics. The obtained electrodes exhibited a high ratio of DC conductivity to optical conductivity of 200, a low sheet resistance of 9 Ω sq-1 at 82%, tensile strain (0% to 50%), and flexibility (bending radius of less than 2 mm) without significant loss of conductivity compared with devices fabricated through conventional methods. Furthermore, we demonstrated a novel textile-based flexible light-emitting electrochemical cell (PLEC) based on the stretchable AgNW-PDMS electrode and buckling concept, thereby realizing highly stretchable PLECs with excellent performance and mechanical robustness. The luminance intensity of the strained device was optimized to 58 cd m-2 at 7 V under 10% linear strain without damaging the electroluminescence properties. Notably, this effective and practical transfer method provides a way to develop electronic nanowire devices with unique configurations and high performances.

Machine vision-based hot strip speed measurement system

Minimisation of crop loss has been a great concern to the steel makers since the inception of hot strip rolling process. It has been observed that the loss of steel due to essential cropping of transfer bar at hot strip mill is significantly high, in the absence of a reliable strip speed feedback to crop shear, which crops the irregular ends of hot strips. Therefore, an innovative transfer bar speed measuring system has been developed in-house based on the principle of machine vision. On successful implementation of this system, average yield loss due to crop-cut has been brought down, and thus, improvement of gross yield of HSM resulted in substantial recurring savings.

Are the Innovation Needs of Low-Technological Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Line with Knowledge Production by Research Institutions?

Small agricultural firms have to cope with increasing economic, legal and environmental difficulties. The purpose of the paper is to identify whether there are available research outputs to these challenges, focusing on the Swiss traditional fruit sector. Identification of firms’ needs using face-to-face interviews and a focus group allowed us to prioritize innovations. Knowledge and innovation transfer gaps were identified thanks to bibliometric analysis, providing hints for research program orientations. The main sectoral needs were related to varieties like increasing pest and disease resistance, weather sensitivity, and ripening behavior. Knowledge produced by research institutions was partly related to the firms’ needs. The study demonstrated a need for better coordination between agricultural stakeholders and researchers. Knowledge must be transferred and shared in the network with greater efficiency by extending interactions and involving stakeholders earlier in the innovation process. However, the search for scientific outputs should include more specificities of the local environment.JEL Codes: O31, O32

Adoption of Renewable Energy Innovations in Rural Tanzania: An Innovation Systems Approach

Renewable energy innovations have in recent years attracted attention due to their potential as alternative sources of energy in rural areas. The current debate in sub-Saharan Africa not only focuses on the possibilities and limitations of renewable energy innovations to reach the poor, but it also centres on the contribution of these innovations in achieving sustainable development goals. In the current paper, I examine the role of intermediary organisations in the transfer and adoption of renewable energy innovations in rural areas. I employ an exploratory case-study approach to collect data from 15 intermediary organisations in Tanzania. Using an innovation systems approach, I argue that intermediary organisations may often be in a position to coordinate activities and create an enabling environment for transfer and adoption of renewable energy innovations. A more active involvement of intermediary organisations could transcend social and cultural barriers as well as transform attitudes of other actors towards renewable energy innovations. However, the extent to which renewable energy innovations can successfully be adopted in rural areas, and thereby contribute to rural development, would largely depend on whether all actors are also fully involved in the innovation process. While attempts to integrate an innovation systems approach into research and development in sub-Saharan Africa have consistently focused on agricultural innovations, renewable energy innovations remain under-researched.

The Recent Development Trends in Management of Agricultural Holdings

The aim of this scientific paper is to present recent development trends in the management of agricultural holdings in the Slovak Republic. Furthermore, the objective is to identify new trends in managerial competencies, the factors that represent key conditions for the business success of agricultural holdings, respectively the obstacles to increased competitiveness, and identify new trends in the utilization of progressive methods, techniques, tools and approaches to management. Several research hypotheses and scientific assumptions were set related to the purpose of the scientific contribution. Mathematical and statistical methods were applied for the statistical testing of the hypothesis – nonparametric tests. The results of a questionnaire survey were used as a source of data and this involved 96 top managers employed in agricultural holdings in the Slovak Republic. Stemming up from the results of our survey, managers among the others tools apply outsourcing (46, 88 %), diversification (92, 71 %) and information technologies (56, 99 %). The results confirm that although managerial approaches and methods have changed significantly as a result of multiple socio‑political and economic transformations, managers need to pay greater attention to environmental aspects, to transfer of innovations and to project management and knowledge management.

The Potential of Plantain Residues for the Ghanaian Bioeconomy—Assessing the Current Fiber Value Web

An essential part in the concept of any emerging bioeconomy includes the sustainable use of biomass as a resource for industrial raw materials. Focusing on the increasing demand for natural fibers, it will be necessary to identify alternative sources without compromising food security. Here, untapped potential lies in the use of plantain residues. Yet, it is unclear how or whether this can be activated. This article investigates the current situation in Ghana as a major plantain producer in Africa. Based on data collected with participatory tools, expert interviews, and group discussions, we (i) assess predominant plantain production structures, (ii) derive a stakeholder network map identifying institutional challenges, and (iii) discuss the potential starting points for linking the supply side with the national or international fiber market. Results indicate that there is substantial interest of private enterprises for high quality fibers. Despite traditional knowledge, after fruit harvest the fiber rich plantain pseudostems usually remain in the field. From an institutional point of view, key stakeholders and structures exist that could boost the establishment of a sustainable plantain based fiber value web. Key to such an endeavor, however, would be to pilot activities, including technology transfer of suitable innovations from other countries.

Product Innovation Transfer Under Passive Partial Ownership Holdings

We investigate the incentives of a high-quality firm to transfer for free its proprietary product innovation technology to its standard-quality rival on which it has passive partial ownership holdings (PPOs). We identify the conditions under which there exists a non-controlling share to make such a transfer pro table for the high-quality fi rm and we show that these conditions are more stringent under Bertrand than under Cournot competition. Finally, we show that the technology transfer increases aggregate output, industry-wide profits, consumers surplus, and social welfare.

Efficiency of Innovation Activity Funding as the Driver of the State's National Economic Security

Виконано в рамках науково-дослідної теми № 0117U003922 «Інноваційні драйвери національної економічної безпеки: структурне моделювання та прогнозування»

Indicadores de gobernanza territorial de los objetivos del Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir (PNBV 2013-2017), Ecuador

The purpose of this article is to analyze the variables and their indicators of territorial governance contained on National Secretariat of Planning and Development Report: Objectives and indicators of support for the National Plan for Good Living 2013-2017. Using Whittingham’s taxonomy, there are 37 indicators of territorial governance (25 %), distributed in: efficiency 65%, equity 13.5%, participation 10.8%, accountability 8 % and, human resource development 2.7%; there is omission of important indicators in all these variables, lack of training for the public servant, underestimation of processes of accountability and representation of interest groups, as well as neglect of the institutional mechanisms of citizen participation, revealing a focused governance model in the state. At the regional level, there were improvements in most of the indicators, but stagnation in the field of higher education, committing future processes of generation and transfer of innovations, which are keys for development.

SCIENTIFIC REPORT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAM “INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR SOCIAL TELEREHABILITATION IN THE SCHOOLS OF LATVIA IN THE CONTEXT OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION”

The main goal of the National Research Program INOSOCTEREHI (Innovative solutions for social telerehabilitation in the schools of Latvia in the context of inclusive education) is related to the research on the issues and problems that are important to our society, as well as it is closely related with the goal of Rezekne Academy of Technologies Research Institute for Regional Studies: to promote interdisciplinarity and innovation transfer in spheres of socialization, re- socialization, human security (including people with special needs).The research is particularly relevant in connection to the NDP (National Development Plan) and Education Development Guidelines and the educational content reform implemented by the Ministry of Education and Science (MoES) in general and inclusive education ensuring the introduction of the competence based approach by implementing Specific Goals of Support (SGS) with the help of EU Structural Funds. The practical importance of the outputs is especially high as the findings of the research are being used by being involved in the work of the cooperation partner – the ESF project “The Competencies Based Approach in the Content of Education (Activity 8.3.1.) – as project cooperation partners and as individuals. Therefore the outputs of the NRP INOSOCTEREHI enable the development of the support system for the implementation of the innovations according to the specific needs of the target groups (teachers, learners, etc.).

Satisfaction With the Self-Assessment of University Students Through e-Coping With Academic Stress Utility TM.

The general purpose of this report is: (1) research was to check whether the degree of satisfaction with the self-assessment activity of university students was related to the scores obtained and the degree of different variables, associated with level of Self-Regulation; (2) to present the online utility, e-Coping with Academic StressTM, as a technological development in Educational Psychology; (3) analyze the possibilities of transfer of this technological innovation. A total of 929 university students, coming from a public university, participated in the use of this online utility. University students can use the tool’s online inventories to make self-assessments in the different variables of Studying, Learning and Performing under Stress (SLPS Competency Model). Descriptives, correlational and inferential analyzes (ANOVAs and MANOVAs) were carried out. The results allowed to know the profile of competences of the analyzed university students, in addition to the degree of satisfaction with the self-evaluation. Finally, we communicate possible actions and options available for transfer of this resulting technology, through RD transfer contracts arranged directly or with other universities.

A conceptual framework and overview of medium and long term challenges and policy priorities

An important aim of TO-REACH is to identify current and future health services and systems priorities by synthesising (inter)national roadmaps, research and stakeholder views. This will provide input to a Strategic Research Agenda, based on a combination of two strands. The first is an analysis of knowledge gaps in the area of transferability and up-scaling of health policy and service innovations, the absorptive capacity in health systems that want to take over innovations and the consequences for health system performance. The second strand is an inventory of policy priorities that stakeholders in countries and at European level see as key policy and service areas for innovation and cross-border learning. The analysis of knowledge gaps is done through desk research in the form of a conceptual review of the literature and case studies. The inventory of policy priorities is done by analysing existing national and international policy documents and roadmaps, by meetings with stakeholder in a number of countries and by an online consultation. Results of both strands will be presented at the workshop with a particular angle on how they can contribute to improving cross-border learning, both when it comes to identifying the key aspects that are important to understand when transfering health policy and service innovations, and the priority domains in policy and practice where such transfer is mostly needed.

Prioritization for transferring health technology and health service innovations between health systems

Background For a balanced evaluation of new technologies, it is important to assess if the wider health system supports their uptake, e.g. in terms of staffing requirements, views of patients, and legal arrangements. These contextual factors also make it difficult to predict if health technologies (or other innovative solutions) that are effective in one region or country can be transferred to another. Methods We will sare a number of research priorities, among others using insights from the Horizon 2020 funded TO-REACH initiative, a collaboration between funders and research groups in Europe, Canada, US and Israel. It aims to enhance funding for international comparative research around health policy and service innovations, based on: a) an analysis of knowledge gaps in the area of transferability, and b) an inventory of policy priorities for cross-border learning, among others using a European wide online consultation. Results Knowledge gaps relate to what aspects of context are important in the transfer of health service and policy innovations. How to predict which countries are in a favourable position to learn from each other? The inventory of policy priorities shows as overarching priority the move from disease-oriented to person- and population-centred care. To give leverage to this, a number of areas are instrumental, including how technology should be embedded in this new approach of health care provision. The inventory is still in progress and more detail will be provided, including the domains where shared learning between HTA and HSR is of high priority. Conclusions HTA and HSR have a common area of interest when it comes to understanding and predicting whether innovative solutions in one county can transfer to another. Too often, foreign solutions are championed without adequate evidence and insight in transferability. It is important that future research incorporates this, with a particular focus on those domains high on policy and practice agendas.

Prioritization for transferring health technology and health service innovations between health systems

Background: For a balanced evaluation of new technologies, it is important to assess if the wider health system supports their uptake, e.g. in terms of staffing requirements, views of patients, and legal arrangements. These contextual factors also make it difficult to predict if health technologies (or other innovative solutions) that are effective in one region or country can be transferred to another. Methods: We will sare a number of research priorities, among others using insights from the Horizon 2020 funded TO-REACH initiative, a collaboration between funders and research groups in Europe, Canada, US and Israel. It aims to enhance funding for international comparative research around health policy and service innovations, based on: a) an analysis of knowledge gaps in the area of transferability, and b) an inventory of policy priorities for cross-border learning, among others using a European wide online consultation. Results: Knowledge gaps relate to what aspects of context are important in the transfer of health service and policy innovations. How to predict which countries are in a favourable position to learn from each other? The inventory of policy priorities shows as overarching priority the move from disease-oriented to person- and population-centred care. To give leverage to this, a number of areas are instrumental, including how technology should be embedded in this new approach of health care provision. The inventory is still in progress and more detail will be provided, including the domains where shared learning between HTA and HSR is of high priority. Conclusions: HTA and HSR have a common area of interest when it comes to understanding and predicting whether innovative solutions in one county can transfer to another. Too often, foreign solutions are championed without adequate evidence and insight in transferability. It is important that future research incorporates this, with a particular focus on those domains high on policy and practice agendas.

Aspects of Innovation and Technology Transfer in Romania

Abstract Technological information, knowledge transfer, research and innovation are factors of success in the contemporary economy. Romania is on the last place in Europe in terms of innovation, and the Romanian regions occupy the last positions the picture of the European innovation at the regional level. The paper presents a presentation of the situation of the innovation in Romania, with aspects concerning the need for innovation of SMEs. Domestic companies need innovation to cope with the European and international competition. The collaboration with the university/research institutes and the patent/license acquisition have a low share, showing the lack of technology transfer and of certain partnerships between the business environment and the research area. The establishment of networks specialized in technological transfer, with government support, can be a solution for the sustainable growth of the national economy.

Chronology of key events of Riga Technical University

IN STUDY YEAR 2017/2018 September 1 Prime Minister of Latvia Māris Kučinskis attended the traditional meeting of RTU Rector with teaching staff and employees of RTU and presented to the Rector a Letter of Appreciation «For lifelong contribution to the development of Latvian science and persistent efforts to develop studies of exact sciences, innovation and technology transfer, thus enhancing the quality of education development of the national economy».

The Role of Social Entrepreneurship on Kampong Development in the City of Semarang

Social entrepreneurship (SE) could be implemented to reveal the contribution of potential business opportunity and added value creation for its surrounding community. In the context of SME and cluster development, the SE implementation is more likely to be found in the kampong area, which has a high level of kinship system. This condition makes the application of local entrepreneurship in some cases potentially forms the characteristic of kampong through the diffusion of business innovation. This research depicts how the role of social entrepreneurs is capable of creating the characteristics of creative kampong by taking the study area in Semarang City. Through the cluster business approach, the result of this research shows the entrepreneurship transformation in becoming social entrepreneurship, in line with the development of kampong to become creative kampong by the role of social entrepreneurship. This entrepreneurship transformation occurs because of the stimulation of absorbed innovation transfer massively by the community. The implementation of local entrepreneurship has indeed influenced the characteristics of kampong and in some extents, can create the identity of creative kampong in Semarang City.