Appropriate Technology Transfer Research Articles

Komunikasi Partisipatif Pertanian Perkotaan dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui 1000 Lubang Hidroponik KWT Harmonis Rawacana, Kota Tangerang 2023

A participatory activity in the community has been carried out in the form of transfer of appropriate technology for cultivating plants, vegetables organically or hydroponically which aims to optimize the use of yard land or empty land by using the application through planting 1000 hydroponic holes. This study aims to identify what factors influence KWT Harmonis Rawacana starting from community participation to improve family economy through 1000 hydroponic holes. The results of the study showed that KWT Harmonis Rawacana that the community was involved in the communication planning process through (A) Adaptation, (G) Utilization of harvest results, (I) integrity, and (L) Maintenance of patterns for women farmer groups, but the government continues to strive to increase independence and welfare to improve family economy in the utilization of empty land. This empowerment can increase income by meeting physical, spiritual, and social needs by utilizing community participation and resources available in 1000 Hydroponic holes of KWT Harmonis Rawacana, Tangerang City 2023. A participatory activity in the community has been carried out in the form of transfer of appropriate technology for cultivating plants, vegetables organically or hydroponically which aims to optimize the use of yard land or empty land by using the application through planting 1000 hydroponic holes. This study aims to identify what factors influence KWT Harmonis Rawacana starting from community participation to improve family economy through 1000 hydroponic holes. The results of the study showed that KWT Harmonis Rawacana that the community was involved in the communication planning process through (A) Adaptation, (G) Utilization of harvest results, (I) integrity, and (L) Maintenance of patterns for women farmer groups, but the government continues to strive to increase independence and welfare to improve family economy in utilizing empty land. This empowerment can increase income by meeting physical, spiritual, and social needs by utilizing community participation and resources available in 1000 Hydroponic holes of KWT Harmonis Ravacana, Tangerang City 2023.

A Review on Scaling Up Successful Agricultural Extension Techniques for Global Benefit

Agricultural extension services are important for enhancing agricultural productivity, food security, and rural development. Examination of future and research needs highlights the significance of innovative approaches and emerging technologies, such as digital agriculture, precision farming, artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and biotechnology, in transforming extension services. These technologies offer the potential to optimize resource use, increase yields, and improve supply chain transparency. Comprehensive impact assessments, including randomized controlled trials and mixed-methods approaches, are essential for evaluating the effectiveness of extension programs and understanding their long-term impacts on productivity, food security, and livelihoods. Supportive policy development and advocacy efforts are crucial for creating an enabling environment that promotes innovation, collaboration, and sustainable practices. This includes establishing regulatory frameworks, providing financial incentives, and integrating extension services into national development plans. Cross-disciplinary research and international collaboration are key to addressing the complex challenges facing agriculture, fostering the exchange of knowledge and best practices, and enhancing the capacity of national extension systems. Interdisciplinary research teams and systems thinking approaches can provide comprehensive solutions to agricultural challenges, while international research networks and development assistance programs can facilitate the transfer of appropriate technologies and practices. South-South cooperation offers additional opportunities for knowledge exchange and technology transfer between developing countries. By addressing these future directions and research needs, agricultural extension services can effectively contribute to sustainable agricultural development, improved livelihoods for farmers, and greater resilience to climate change. This approach will ensure that extension services remain responsive to the evolving challenges and opportunities in the agricultural sector, ultimately promoting global food security and economic growth.

Updating Curricula of Iraqi Higher Education Institutions & SDGs Achievement

Education, being an essential requirement to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), curricula life. Accordingly, most Higher Education Institutions have paid much attention to modernize curricula due to their positive impact on the progress of societies, in addition to identifying and internalizing the role of employees in the accomplishment of SDGs. They should be aware that their environment is the shelter that they are assumed to protect and preserve. Therefore, the goals related to people’s environment have been widely explored in the updated curricula as they work on meeting the learners’ needs, their concerns, and developing meanwhile their skills of different directions. Nonetheless, the curricula of some Iraqi Higher Education Institutions still do not include materials that are consistent with the learners’ tendencies and their abilities as well as the essential requirements of society. Hence, these curricula have failed to achieve the main strategies of learning because they have been concentrating on specific topics that only assist students to shift from one study stage to another. The process of updating the curricula of Iraqi Higher Education Institutions, as per the researcher’s viewpoint, is considered as part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, when applied, whether now or in the future, they shall change the role of academics as well as students, creating meanwhile some type of link between educational, productive and service institutions, and thus connecting education with life and acquisition of labor skills, being essential factors that lead to promoting the concept of curriculum. The researcher has adopted a descriptive approach focusing in his survey on a sample of 68, he has come up with the following conclusions: Most updated items of the curricula assist in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Higher Education Institutions participate in supporting and encouraging transfer of appropriate advanced technologies so as to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Besides, we have come up with the following recommendations: It is quite necessary to update the curricula according to their objectives and outcomes for the purpose of achieving SDGs in face of current and future challenges. Establishing an infrastructure for financing and implementing curricula that could enable students to contribute in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. integrating the SDGs with the environmental, social, cultural and scientific objectives.

PKM UMKM Culinary Based on Information Technology: E-Commerce Website Design in Legok Village, Tangerang, Banten

This Community Partnership Program Activity (PKM) partners with Putri’s Home Cooking, a culinary SME located in Desa Legok, Tangerang, Banten. One crucial aspect of the business is marketing, and the challenges faced by the partner include difficulty in acquiring new customers, the absence of online sales, and the lack of food product labels. The objective of this activity is to utilize technology and science (IPTEK) for culinary SME business strategies to introduce and enhance the ongoing business for the betterment of the community's welfare.The issue confronted by the partner is the limited marketing reach. The solution to this issue involves creating an e-commerce website. The execution method for this activity consists of two phases: firstly, analyzing the partner's situation and conditions, and secondly, preparing the transfer of Appropriate Technology (TTG). The outcomes achieved include product photos for marketing purposes and the design of an e-commerce website, which can be used to market their products, thus helping the partner's culinary SME products from Desa Legok gain wider recognition.

Utilization of Eggshell Waste to Become Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) and Pesticides as a Substitute for Regular Fertilizers through Thematic KKN Activities in Pasang Lela Village, North Labuhan Batu Regency

One of the problems detected in the residents of Pasang Lela Village that, the majority of farmers in Thematic KKN activities, is that the community wants to use eggshell waste that disturbs the environment, but it is not yet known what appropriate technology can be applied to overcome this problem. The purpose of this KKN program is the transfer of appropriate technology to help the community improve the quality of agriculture and improve the family economy. Eggshells are used as Liquid Organic Fertilizer and pesticides. Eggshells contain 97% calcium carbonate as well as 3% other minerals. POC is made by fermentation for 6-10 days with the addition of Effective Microorganisms 4, brown sugar and water. While in the manufacture of pesticides added fine chili. The results of making POC and pesticides at least reduce the impact of dirty environment and the rotten aroma of eggshell waste. Also, people get healthy, effective and economical fertilizers and pesticides, thus helping to reduce family financial expenditures and preserve the surrounding environment with environmentally friendly fertilizers and pesticides.

Upaya Peningkatan Wawasan Peternak Kambing Perah Peranakan Etawa Kelompok Ternak “Ngudi Rejeki” di Desa Jarak

The "Ngudi Rejeki" Livestock Group is a group of Etawa breed dairy goats located in the Desa Jarak. The livestock group focuses on improving the quality of milk production for Etawa breed dairy goats. However, there are several problems experienced by livestock groups in achieving this, where the lack of knowledge possessed by breeders is one of the main problems. The use of the PRA method aims to consider potential partners. The implementation of this program involves the participation of livestock groups which are analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method through several stages, namely discussion sessions carried out through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) activities, consultation and counseling, transfer of appropriate technology, mentoring and guidance. The program carried out has had a positive impact in terms of increasing the knowledge of the "Ngudi Rejeki" Livestock Group regarding the maintenance of Etawa breed dairy goats so they are able to produce good quality goat milk.

Business Development Services Providers: Pathways and Involvement of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Arusha City and the Moshi Municipality, Tanzania

This paper aims at determining Business Development Service Providers’ (BDSPs) pathways and involvement of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in development and delivery of Business Development Service (BDS). The study was conducted in Arusha City and Moshi Municipality, in Tanzania. A total of 65 BDS providers and 254 MSMEs were sampled and a cross-sectional research design was used for this study. Respondents were selected by using a purposive and a simple random sampling procedure. Data were collected using a questionnaire and focus group discussions (FGDs). Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis, while quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results indicated that most of the pathways utilized by BDS providers in service delivery to MSMEs were seminars, trainings and workshops. Others were vocational training, incubators, technical transfer and promotion of appropriate technology, trade fair exhibitions, and consultancy as well as business information services. However, there were no institutionalized approaches regarding BDS delivery approaches among the surveyed BDS providers. Similarly, the surveyed BDS providers indicated limited MSMEs involvement in needs assessment, service designing and delivery approaches. Due to several constraining factor such as inadequate financial resources, lack of coordination and inadequate BDS providers’ information and awareness among MSMEs. The study concludes that it is not possible to determine which pathway is the most appropriate to follow in delivering services to MSMEs. Therefore, the choice of the pathway depends mostly on the focus of the providers delivering BDS. The study recommends that BDS providers need to ensure that their delivery pathways are clients oriented by involving them in the whole process of service delivery particularly in the needs assessment, services designing and delivery. Furthermore, the study recommends that the policy makers advocate for strategies that will facilitate MSMEs involvement in BDS designing and the delivery processes. Such strategies should include MSMEs capacity building and the use of appropriate participation methods. Likewise, the strategies should focus on improving MSMEs involvement in the BDS delivery process to ensure sustainable MSMEs development is achieved.

The Empowerment Of Community In RT. 03 RW. 14 Sawojajar Sekarpuro Sub- District Pakis District Trough The Tin Fruit Productive Village Program

The creative industry is a business activity that focuses on creation and innovation which must always be improved and developed in all regions in Indonesia, because it is rich in culture and natural resources. One example is RT 03 RW 14 Sawojajar Sekarpuro Village, Pakis Subdistrict, which has creative activities, where each resident is required to plant figs and process them. So far, residents still do not know the products that can be produced from tin fruit and the processing stages, all that has been done is making tea bags, but the results obtained are not as expected. The aim of this service is to provide assistance and training for residents of Sawojajar RT 03 RW 14 in processing various foods from fruit and drinks from Tin leaves and transfer of appropriate technology in the process to produce superior products from commercial Tin fruit. The implementation method that will be used is assistance in making products for PKK groups of women who are divided into 5 (five) small groups, mentoring and training for processing into products, assistance in the use of drying equipment, packaging and marketing. From the mentoring and training that has been carried out by the ITN Malang Community Service Team, it has had a significant impact, namely that residents gain knowledge and practice directly the processing of Tin fruit into various processed products and operating equipment in making Tin leaf tea and increasing economic value because residents have produce products and sell them to the public.

The Role of Universities in Research and Technology Transfer to Improve Livelihoods in Southern Africa

Every country in Southern Africa has well-regarded universities where expert researchers work in a wide array of disciplines. Yet, not far from these campuses rural poor might be living whose lives could be dramatically transformed if the universities used some of its expertise to develop and transfer appropriate technology to such communities. Since the gap in knowledge of modern science and technology between experts in universities and the poor communities is so vast, a programme of developing and transferring appropriate technology could be a game changer for rural communities. Areas of need could be identified by forming multidisciplinary teams comprising specialists in adult education, social scientists, engineers, architects, agriculturists, community medicine specialists, environmental scientists and public health experts among others. Some areas where appropriate technology transfer may be relevant depending on the community and the available expertise are solar energy, biogas, water harvesting and conservation, communications, animal husbandry, arid agriculture and horticulture, tourism, housing and cottage industry. Some of this work is already taking place, but we emphasize a multi-disciplinary approach where social scientists, educationists, financial experts and marketing specialists (for cottage industry) work side by side with scientists and technologists. Key words: Multidisciplinary, technology transfer, research, livelihoods, rural communities, extension.

Polish Investments on Non-European Markets

Foreign direct investment is probably one of the most visible signs of globalization in recent years. Developing countries seek FDIs as a potential tool to complement the level of domestic investment as well as a possible efficiency-gain in strument through the transfer of appropriate technology, management knowledge, business culture, access to foreign markets, increasing employment opportunities, and improving living standards. Undoubtedly, non-European markets, mostly represented by developing countries, are becoming an important and attractive area for economic activities for highly- and medium-developed economies.The aim of the paper is to discuss and present the investment activities of Polish companies on non-European markets as it poses challenge not only for the companies themselves but also for the government to support the logistical and financial needs of the potential investors.

Transferring intermediate technologies to rural enterprises in developing economies: a conceptual framework

Abstract This paper integrates the contributions from different branches of the technology transfer literature to identify enablers driving the transfer of intermediate or appropriate technologies to recipients in rural areas of developing economies. An in-depth analysis of the literature shows that many enablers identified in the literature focus on high technology transfers and are of limited relevance in the context of rural enterprises. Other important enablers in this specific setting are ignored or insufficiently considered. This paper proposes a framework comprising a specific set of enablers that facilitates technology transfer in rural enterprises in developing regional economies.

米山喜久治著『適正技術の開発と移転―マレーシア鉄鋼業の創設』

米山喜久治著『適正技術の開発と移転―マレーシア鉄鋼業の創設』

System model for transfer and application of the appropriate health technologies in rural areas

Considering the core concept of the system theory,the author describes the conception,components and main functions of the subjects,the objects and behavioral factors for the popularization and application of appropriate health technologies.This theoretically built up the system model for transfer and application of the appropriate health technologies in Chinese rural areas. Key words: Appropriate health technology; Transferring and applying; System model

IUFoST's strategy to strengthen food security in rural areas of developing countries

SummaryOne sixth of the world's population is food insecure with many of these people living in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Food insecurity, hunger and malnutrition have multiple reasons, many of which are beyond the reach and capacity of the food science community to remediate. Knowledge of food science and technology can dramatically improve the situation wherever food insecurity exists. This knowledge can increase our understanding of the conditions under which agricultural produce has to be handled, processed and distributed after harvesting. To develop practical measures, the Food Security Task Force of the International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST) is developing a strategy to expand and broaden the Food Science/Technology knowledge base in neglected geographical areas. Specifically, IUFoST is offering Food Science/Technology training material for non‐academic food industry entrepreneurs utilising distance education technology. Part of IUFoST's effort is the transfer of appropriate technologies for pilot‐scale processes which foster linkages between farmers and food industries and stimulate growing high value crops.

The EMWater project — promoting efficient wastewater management and reuse in Mediterranean countries

Given the fact of water shortage in the Mediterranean countries, the EMWater project (efficient management of wastewater, its treatment and reuse in the Mediterranean countries) aims to increase the security and safety of water supply through creation of public awareness and implementation of innovative and suitable solutions in wastewater treatment and reuse. The main target countries of this 4-year project are Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Turkey. The EMWater project contributes to these goals through training programmes (local, regional and web-based) for technicians, engineers and employees of authorities and non-government organizations; public awareness campaigns; design and construction of pilot plants applying low-cost techniques, as well as through the development of policy guidelines for wastewater treatment and reuse. Such activities will contribute to general objectives of promoting transfer of appropriate wastewater treatment technologies, such as low-cost technologies for rural areas; strengthening local capacities and regional co-operation through the creation of co-operative professional networks; enhancing public awareness of the insufficient and inproper wastewater treatment to the need for hygienically safe disposal, and the potentials of water reuse. The paper is aimed to present the state of implementation of the EMWater project after 3 years, especially focusing on the main steps in pilot plants design and construction activity and in development of guidelines for decision-makers in wastewater management and planning. It further addresses the progress in implementation of capacity building programs.

The impact of micro- and macroergonomics considerations on appropriate technology transfer decisions in developing countries: The case of Turkey

The research presented in this paper aims to support the decision process of appropriate technology transfer to industrially developing countries by improving a broader understanding of relationshi...

HFL/27 Sept. 05

Based on some 60 years of consulting practice in the field of environmental/sanitary engineering, about half in the USA and other affluent industrialized countries (ICs) and half with non-affluent developing countries (DCs), the Consultant summarizes the lessons leaned on why the technology transfer (TT) operation of the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and other International Assistance Agencies (IAAs) have failed to achieve effective transfer of appropriate technology to DC practicioners in the environmental/sanitary engineering field, and presents the Consultant’s recommendations on feasible measures by which MDBs can significantly improve their TT operations. Eleven specific measures are recommended, all believed to be feasible for use by MDBs, as follows: (i) post-construction monitoring of project performance, (ii) develop appropriate design criteria for key infrastructure sectors, (iii) be realistic on O&M expectations, (iv) increase infrastructure project budgets to support TT, (v) prepare appropriate technology textbooks, (vi) sponsor graduate university programs in appropriate TT, (vii) sponsor appropriate TT professional journal, (viii) furnish copies of selected 1C references to DC-ers, (ix) sponsor work-type training assignments in ICs, (x) plan TT projects as series of steps, (xi) utilize ratired IC-ers for peripatetic training in DCs.

Transfer of Taiwanese ideas and technology to The Gambia, West Africa: a viable approach to rural development?

The development of Taiwan's agricultural sector contributed significantly to the country's transformation from virtual poverty after World War II to a modern industrial nation. Success resulted from the use of appropriate technologies, developed through an exceptionally close working relationship between government, research and development institutions, extension services and farmers in Taiwan. As part of their overseas development aid programme, the Republic of China on Taiwan has established Technical Missions in those developing countries where it receives political recognition. Among these is The Gambia, West Africa, where one focus of Taiwan's current Technical Mission is the development of women's market gardens. Although the gardens have proved successful, there is doubt as to whether their achievements will be sustained once Taiwan's Technical Mission in The Gambia has ended. Field research in Taiwan and in The Gambia, based largely on participatory techniques, has revealed that the low‐tech methods introduced from Taiwan are appropriate for the Gambian environment. However, much depends on whether women participating in the schemes can commit sufficient time and energy to the gardens, as at present this is a limiting factor. The potential of the gardens may also be constrained by a lack of appropriate institutional infrastructure, particularly the scope for profitable disposal of garden produce. A major conclusion of the article is that successful transfer of appropriate technology to The Gambia is likely to be impeded by poorly developed coordination between groups that proved to be key ‘players’ in the development of agriculture in Taiwan: government, research and development institutions, extension services and producers.

International technology transfer: a complement to economic restructuring?

Economic restructuring is considered to be the panacea for problems faced by developing countries and countries in transition from the socialist to the free-market economic structure. Even though there are some success stories, most countries undergoing structural adjustment have faced lower economic standards for the majority of the population. This has resulted in the slowing down or reversal of some of these reforms. In this paper, it is argued that transfer of appropriate technology as a complement to the current reforms is needed for these reforms to be successful.

Evaluation of farmers' perceptions of soil quality indicators

AbstractUnderstanding farmers' knowledge of soil quality and health is essential to ensure transfer of appropriate technology for on-farm assessments. The objective of this study was to evaluate farmers' knowledge of soil quality by comparing their perceptions of soil conditions for “good” and “problem” soils on their farms with values of soil quality indicators as determined by established assessment protocol. Twenty-four conventional and organic farmers throughout eastern Nebraska were paired within regions of similar climate, topography, and soil type and their perceptions of soil quality indicators were queried using a written questionnaire. Questionnaire data were compared directly to values of soil quality indicators and perception accuracy indices were calculated. Overall, perception accuracy of soil quality indicators did not differ between conventional and organic farmers. Farmers' perceptions of soil quality indicators tended to be more accurate for “good” soils as compared to “problem” soils. Indicators that were incorrectly estimated at a frequency greater than 33% included available nitrogen and phosphorus, soil color, degree of compaction, and infiltration rate. Despite this, farmers' perceptions were correct or nearly-correct over 75% of the time for the majority of indicators evaluated in the study. Evaluation of social and managerial factors indicated that perception accuracy of soil quality indicators declined as the time of on-farm tenure increased. Results from this study indicate that agriculturists should seek out farmers' knowledge of soil characteristics as a first iteration to pointscale evaluation of soil quality.