Transfer Mode Research Articles

Bio-inspired adenosine triphosphate-modified h-BN-based coral-like CuAl-LDH nanosheets as a functional green flame retardant to improve the fire safety of epoxy resins via catalyzing intumescent char formation

High flammability and fire toxicity are the biggest hindrances to further applications of epoxy resins (EP). In this work, we designed a novel “integrated” green intumescent flame retardant via bio-inspired adenosine triphosphate modification of h-BN-anchored coral-like CuAl-LDH nanosheets (mBN@LDH@PATP). Then, the mBN@LDH@PATP was used as a filler to improve the fire safety of EP. Specifically, the anisotropic heat transfer mode of h-BN can effectively promote the longitudinal barrier and lateral diffusion of heat. The coral-like CuAl-LDH can successfully promote the catalytic carbonization of pyrolytic volatiles and their adsorption. Furthermore, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synergistically interacts with h-BN and CuAl-LDH to impart a high heat-stable intumescent char network to EP. As expected, mBN@LDH@PATP significantly improved the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of the EP nanocomposites. Compared with the control EP, the prepared mBN@LDH@PATP/EP showed a 43.3 %, 40.8 %, 36.5 % and 39.1 % decrease in PHRR, THR, PSPR and TSP, respectively. In addition, CO and CO2 yield were significantly reduced by 53.5 % and 57.5 %, while LOI (32.9 %) and UL-94 (V-0) were significantly improved. The enhanced fire safety of EP nanocomposites was confirmed by adequate characterization. This research offers a workable way to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly flame retardant polymers.

Peanut‐Like Zn0.5Cd0.5S/BiVO4 S‐Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalysts Toward Optimized Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance

The development of heterojunction composite photocatalysts with sophisticated charge transfer mechanisms and interfaces is a promising approach to enhance photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, for the first time, a peanut‐like Zn0.5Cd0.5S/BiVO4 S‐scheme heterostructure visible‐light composite photocatalyst via a two‐step hydrothermal method is synthesized. S‐scheme heterostructures, which can maintain the maximum redox capacity in the conduction and valence bands of the catalyst, have been established as an effective charge transfer mode in the field of photocatalysis. The Zn0.5Cd0.5S/BiVO4 heterojunction photocatalyst exhibits 99.52% degradation efficiency for tetracycline‐based organic pollutants under visible light irradiation. In addition, the photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency of the composite catalyst is as high as 8969.58 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 69.24 and 4.35 times higher than that of single BiVO4 and Zn0.5Cd0.5S, respectively. Through density functional theory calculations and experimental studies, the material conformed to the charge transfer mode of the S‐scheme heterojunction is determined. The improved photocatalytic efficiency can be attributed to the formation of S‐scheme heterogeneous interface, which bends the energy band at the interfacial contact, and the formation of an internal electric field, which hinders rapid charge recombination and prolongs the lifetime of charge carriers.

Integrated superregenerative amplifier based 24 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave radar active reflector tags for joint ranging and communication

AbstractConcepts for two cooperative active reflector tags (ARTs) for joint ranging and communication in a linear frequency modulated continuous wave secondary radar system are presented along with corresponding theoretical derivations. To prove the concepts, the ARTs operating from 24 to 24.5 GHz are implemented using custom integrated superregenerative amplifiers (SRAs) designed in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The SRAs have a measured minimum detected input power greater than −80 dBm, and an output power greater than 3.2 dBm after wire‐bonding. The ARTs also feature roll invariance using bandwidth enhanced microstrip patch antenna diversity and a novel quench frequency shift keying based low data rate simplex communication. Indoor ranging experiments done to prove the concepts and the theoretical considerations show a maximum distance of 77 m in the ranging mode and a data rate of 0.5 symbols per second in the data transfer mode. For distances less than 5 m, the characterised accuracy is better than 12 cm and the precision is better than 2 cm. To the best of authors' knowledge this is one of the first reported scientific works leading to a proof of concept for integrated superregenerative amplifier based joint ranging and quench frequency shift keying. The combination of maximum range and precision are also one of the best reported among similar works in the literature.

MSC based gene delivery methods and strategies improve the therapeutic efficacy of neurological diseases.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising seed cells for neural regeneration therapy owing to their plasticity and accessibility. They possess several inherent characteristics advantageous for the transplantation-based treatment of neurological disorders, including neural differentiation, immunosuppression, neurotrophy, and safety. However, the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs alone remains unsatisfactory in most cases. To improve some of their abilities, many studies have employed genetic engineering to transfer key genes into MSCs. Both viral and nonviral methods can be used to overexpress therapeutic proteins that complement the inherent properties. However, to date, different modes of gene transfer have specific drawbacks and advantages. In addition, MSCs can be functionalized through targeted gene modification to facilitate neural repair by promoting neural differentiation, enhancing neurotrophic and neuroprotective functions, and increasing survival and homing abilities. The methods of gene transfer and selection of delivered genes still need to be optimized for improved therapeutic and targeting efficacies while minimizing the loss of MSC function. In this review, we focus on gene transport technologies for engineering MSCs and the application of strategies for selecting optimal delivery genes. Further, we describe the prospects and challenges of their application in animal models of different neurological lesions to broaden treatment alternatives for neurological diseases.

Electro-stimulated anaerobic oxidation of methane with synergistic denitrification by adding AQS: Electron transfer mode and mechanism

Denitrifying anaerobic methane-oxidizing (DAMO) processes, which link anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO) and denitrification, have a promising prospect in anaerobic wastewater treatment. In bioelectrochemical systems (BES), DAMO consortium presented potent metabolic activity. However, the extracellular electron transfer (EET) in BES was poorly understood. This study investigated the EET mechanisms and modes of electron transport in BES dominated by anaerobic methanotrophic bacteria. In the bioreactors with the auxiliary voltage of 0.5 and 1.1 V, named EMN-0.5 and EMN-1.1, respectively, biological voltages of 0.198 and 0.329 V were generated with power densities of 0.6 and 1.20 mW/m2, after removing the voltage. High throughput and metagenome analyses demonstrated that main methanotrophs were DAMO bacteria and Methylocystis sp. The electroactive bacteria detected were Pseudomonas sp., Hypomicrobium sp., Thiobacillus sp, and Rhodococcus sp. The pil, cytochrome c, hdr, and he/fp genes related to EET were present on the electrode surfaces. Carbon 13 isotope tracing and chemicals analysis by GC-MS exhibited that methanol was an intermediate product released to extracellular environment and acted as the electronic carrier to drive the EET in methane oxidation. Extracellular electron transfer was achieved through the collaboration of DAMO bacteria, Methylocystis sp., and Pseudomonas sp. Anthraquinone 2-sulfonic acid ester (AQS) could improve the rate of electron transfer to the extracellular space, especially in the EMN-0.5 reaction system. This study provides a new understanding of AMO consortium metabolism in BES and may provide a scientific basis for developing methane control technology.

Thermo-hydraulic characteristics of thermal interface induced by natural convection in water tank with internal heat source

Large-scale water tank or pool with internal heat source is common structures in solar energy and nuclear power. In this paper, a visible thermal interface is captured in the experiments in a square water tank with a horizontal heating rod, which is an interesting phenomenon hardly reported before. The direct shadowgraphy method is employed to record gray graphs of the forming process and flow regimes of the thermal interface. Corresponding transient numerical simulations with the large eddy simulation (LES) method are conducted to display detailed thermo-hydraulic characteristics of the thermal interface. Based on the temperature distribution and flow field, a natural convection circulation driven by buoyancy is formed above a stagnant zone, which is regarded as a two-layer stratified shear flow. The horizontal shear flow above the stagnant zone induces the visible thermal interface. Because the heat transfer mode switches from convection to conduction when crossing the interface, the sharp temperature gradient and density variation occur at the interface. The effect of the heat flux of the heating rod is investigated, and three different flow regimes of the thermal interface are observed under different heat loads. The stability of the flow regimes is analyzed by the gradient Richardson number, which is the ratio of the buoyancy to the turbulent shear. At low heat load, the thermal interface is destabilized because the turbulent shear overcomes the density barrier. As the heat loading increases, the buoyancy increasing rate exceeds the shear increasing rate, and the stronger potential barrier dominates the flow structure, which is beneficial to the interface stability.

Influence of long-distance air transport conditions on horticultural product quality: Case study of fresh mango shipment from Thailand to France

Four instrumented boxes of mangoes Mangifera indica L. cv. “Nam Dok Mai” were shipped from Bangkok, Thailand, to Paris, France, without control of the boxes’ positions on the aircraft. Two boxes were shipped via a direct flight and two boxes were shipped via an indirect flight. For each box, the internal air temperature, the external air temperature and relative humidity and surface temperature of two fruits were recorded throughout the supply chain from a packing house in Thailand to a storage room in France. A maximum fruit temperature of 33 °C (during transport from an orchard to the packing house) and a minimum fruit temperature of 8 °C (in a cold room of the logistics company following arrival at the airport in France via the indirect flight) were observed. The slight temperature difference between the air and the fruit surface temperature (< 1 °C on average) for both direct and indirect flights suggests that the air was stagnant inside the box and, thus conduction was the main heat transfer mode. Models of product temperature, mass loss, and peel color changes throughout the supply chain were developed. The numerical and the experimental values were in good agreement. These models were able to predict the product mass loss and peel color evolution as a function of a supply chain scenario.

Combustion Performance of the Premixed Ammonia-Hydrogen-Air Flame in Porous Burner

ABSTRACT Flame stability and pollutant emission performances of a porous burner fueled with ammonia/hydrogen blend were investigated numerically in this study. In this regard, a 2D solver based on finite volume method was developed in order to simulate reacting flow and heat transfer modes through a porous medium. Combustion characteristics in terms of porous structure, equivalence ratio and fuel component were studied and the pollutant emission trends were discussed. Flame stability limit was observed to be extended with increasing equivalence ratio regardless to ammonia fraction. Results proved that addition of ammonia in the fuel blend reduced the flame stability limits and thermal flame thickness but led to the enhanced NO emission. Increasing equivalence ratio led to a decrease in thermal flame thickness under fuel-lean conditions while it caused that the thickness of flame zone to be increased slightly under fuel-rich conditions. It was found that flame stability limits were extended as the mean pore diameter of the porous medium increased. The maximum amounts of NO concentration were achieved at stoichiometric conditions while, NO emission increased as equivalence ratio increased at fuel-lean conditions and it decreased as equivalence ratio increased at rich combustion regimes.

A review on Rayleigh-Bénard convection influenced by the complicating factors

Thermal convection is one of the basic modes (thermal convection, thermal conduction, thermal radiation) of heat transfer, and it belongs to the thermo-fluid mechanics. With the development and progress of science and technology, as well as the cross accommodation of disciplines, new contents and challenges arise in the thermal convection. For instance, along with the increasing energy consumption all over the world, the enhanced energy transport has attracted more and more attentions, which is inseparable from the development of thermal convection. As a classical model of natural convection, the Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) convection has been investigated for more than 100 years and numerous research findings have been obtained. However, it is still one of the most notable subjects, particularly the complex flow and heat transport problems of the stabilizing-destabilizing flow. This review, therefore, focuses on the RB convection researches, as well as natural convection of other configurations, under the influence of various complicating factors, including thermal radiation, magnetic field, rotation and electrical field. The flow and transport characteristics, especially the heat transfer, are summarized and analyzed. Although these factors usually show a stabilizing effect, like the delay of the onset of instabilities, it is quite surprising that there is a counterintuitive but significant flux enhancement within the specific strength range. Finally, some topics of future work are prospected briefly, such as the multi-fields coupling problem, the ultimate regime with additional field effects and the unifying view on strengthening mechanism of stabilizing effects.

Hypercritical accretion during common envelopes in triples leading to binary black holes in the pair-instability-supernova mass gap

ABSTRACT Hydrodynamic studies of stellar-mass compact objects (COs) in a common envelope (CE) have shown that the accretion rate onto the CO is a few orders of magnitude below the Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton (BHL) estimate. This is several orders of magnitude above the Eddington limit and above the limit for neutrino-cooled accretion (i.e. hypercritical accretion or HCA). Considering that a binary system inside the CE of a third star accretes material at nearly the same rate as a single object of the same total mass, we propose stellar-evolution channels which form binary black hole (BBH) systems with its component masses within the pair-instability supernova (PISN) mass gap. Our model is based on HCA onto the BBH system engulfed into the CE of a massive tertiary star. Furthermore, we propose a mass transfer mode which allows to store mass lost by the binary onto a third star. Through the use of population synthesis simulations for the evolution of BBHs and standard binary-evolution principles for the interaction with a tertiary star, we are able to produce BBHs masses consistent with those estimated for GW190521. We also discuss the massive binary system Mk34 as a possible progenitor of BBHs in the PISN gap.

The Unique Cauda-Liked Structure Represents a New Subfamily of Cunaxidae: Description of New Taxa and Discussion on Functional Morphology.

A cauda-like structure was found, firstly in Cunaxidae, and with it the new taxa Cunaxicaudinae Chen & Jin subfam. nov., and its two new genera, Cunaxicaudus Chen & Jin gen. nov. (type genus) and Brevicaudus Chen & Jin gen. nov., were erected. Cunaxicaudinae Chen & Jin subfam. nov. differs from the known members of the family Cunaxidae by the unique conspicuous cauda derived from the posterior end of the hysterosoma. The generic features of Cunaxicaudus Chen & Jin gen. nov. are as follows: the posterior of the hysterosoma elongated as a much longer cauda; palp between genu and tibiotarsus without apophysis; e1 closer to d1 than f1; and e1 closer to mid-line than c1 and d1. The generic features of Brevicaudus Chen & Jin gen. nov. are as follows: the posterior of hysterosoma elongated as a short cauda; palp between genu and tibiotarsus with one apophysis; distance between setae e1 and d1 approximately equal to e1; and f1, e1 as close to mid-line as c1 and d1 to mid-line. It is proposed that the specialized cauda may be the result of the evolution of the sperm transfer mode.

Spectroscopic study on size-dependent optoelectronics of N-type ultra-high conductive polymer PBFDO

Single-molecule plasmas are widely used in spectroscopic studies and plasma devices, and the organic conjugated molecular chain of poly (benzodifurandione) (PBFDO) has excellent electrical conductivity and unique electronic structure. Therefore, an in-depth theoretical study of the spectroscopic, charge transfer and electron transport properties of PBFDO polymers and the analysis of physical mechanisms are essential. In this work, the absorption spectra of neutral and charged PBFDO polymers of different sizes and periodic systems of PBFDO polymers are studied theoretically. The charge transfer modes of the different absorption peaks are also given. The Raman and resonance Raman properties of long-chain PBFDO polymers under 514 nm laser were revealed. The electron transport properties and Current-Voltage Characteristic (I-V) Curves of PBFDO devices were also investigated. This work will provide the necessary theoretical guidance for the application of PBFDO in the field of nanoscale optoelectronics and the design of devices.

High deposition rate wire-arc directed energy deposition of 316L and 316LSi: Process exploration and modelling

A parameter design of experiments was undertaken to study the impact of Si content in the wire feedstock, weld speed, and interpass temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high deposition rate Wire-Arc Directed Energy Deposition (WA-DED) of 316L stainless steel. Small-scale, representative builds were constructed using a high deposition rate pulsed spray transfer mode. Across conditions, WA-DED 316L builds exceeded American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) SA-240 minimum values for yield strength, elongation, and tensile strength at room temperature, tested both parallel and perpendicular to the build direction. It was found that 316LSi samples (higher Si content version of 316L) displayed significantly higher strengths and ductilities than samples produced with 316L, while the impact of weld speed and interpass temperature were less significant. A heat transfer model of the WA-DED process was created to allow for microstructure predictions. An infrared thermal camera system was used to calibrate this model by taking temperature measurements at fixed points during the deposition of several layers. Solidification models were developed to allow for predictions of microstructural features in the as-built condition. Predictions of dendrite spacings and growth morphologies show good agreement with experiments, demonstrating the potential for modeling the influences of the WA-DED parameters for process optimization. Based on microstructural analysis, it was concluded that the increase in strength and ductility in 316LSi compared to 316L is due to effects of composition on solid solution strengthening and stacking fault energy, suggesting opportunities for developing new stainless steel alloys for WA-DED with improved mechanical performance.

Individual Effects of Alkali Element and Wire Structure on Metal Transfer Process in Argon Metal-Cored Arc Welding.

This study aimed to clarify the effect of wire structure and alkaline elements in wire composition on metal transfer behavior in metal-cored arc welding (MCAW). A comparison of metal transfer in pure argon gas was carried out using a solid wire (wire 1), a metal-cored wire without an alkaline element (wire 2), and another metal-cored wire with 0.084 mass% of sodium (wire 3). The experiments were conducted under 280 and 320 A welding currents, observed by high-speed imaging techniques equipped with laser assistance and bandpass filters. At 280 A, wire 1 showed a streaming transfer mode, while the others showed a projected one. When the current was 320 A, the metal transfer of wire 2 changed to streaming, while wire 3 remained projected. As sodium has a lower ionization energy than iron, the mixing of sodium vapor into the iron plasma increases its electrical conductivity, raising the proportion of current flowing through metal vapor plasma. As a result, the current flows to the upper region of the molten metal on the wire tip, with the resulting electromagnetic force causing droplet detachment. Consequently, the metal transfer mode in wire 3 remained projected. Furthermore, weld bead formation is the best for wire 3.

A model for a set of porous fins on a long rotating cylinder considering thermal radiation and natural convection

This article proposes a method to estimate the heat transfer and temperature distribution from a porous fin placed on a constantly rotating long cylinder with a hexagonal cross section. Moreover, both radiation and natural convection are considered, as well as radiation interchange between the cylinder and the fin and among the porous fins themselves, giving rise to an Integro-Differential problem. Time-averaged thermal properties are employed since the proposed problem is periodic. The numerical simulation is validated by comparing three different numerical methods: Finite Difference Method (FDM), Finite Volumes Method (FVM), and Spectral Collocation Method with Chebyshev interpolation polynomials (CGL). The three methods demonstrated good agreement among themselves. They provided results according to the existing literature concerning heat transfer and temperature distribution on porous fins, such as showing that convection, as the convective parameter grows from 0 to 10, can quickly become the dominant mode of heat transfer instead of the radiation parameter, which ranged from 0 to 50. The impact on the temperature at the tip ranged from less than 4% to 18.9%, depending on the changes made to thermal and physical parameters under similar conditions. The dimensionless temperature stayed in the stipulated variation from 0 to 1.

A Fast Prediction Model for Liquid Metal Transfer Modes during the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process

The liquid metal transfer mode in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), plays an important role in determining the build quality. In this study, a fast prediction model based on the Young-Laplace equation, momentum equation, and energy conservation, is proposed, to identify the metal transfer modes, including droplet, liquid bridge, and wire stubbing, for a given combination of process parameters. To close the proposed model, high-fidelity numerical simulations are applied, to obtain the necessary inputs required by the former. The proposed model's accuracy and effectiveness are validated by using experimental data and high-fidelity simulation results. It is proved that the model can effectively predict the transition from liquid bridge, to droplet and wire stubbing modes. In addition, its errors in dripping frequency and liquid bridge height range from 6% to 18%. Moreover, the process parameter windows about transitions of liquid transfer modes have been established based on the model, considering wire feed speed, travel speed, heat source power, and material parameters. The proposed model is expected to serve as a powerful tool for the guidance of process parameter optimization, to achieve high-quality builds.

Synthesis of Pb‐free Double‐Perovskite Heterojunction (Cs2SnCl6‐Bi3+&amp;Te4+/Cs2GeF6‐Mn4+) with White Emission for LED Application

AbstractLead‐free halide double perovskites have been extensively studied for their application in the display and lighting fields. Owing to their characteristic single white luminescence, double perovskites have led to several developments in the field of white light illumination. However, most of these materials possess poor ambient stability or produce white emissions with high correlated color temperature (CCT) and low color rendering index (Ra), which hinder their application to home and commercial lighting displays. To address these challenges, a Pb‐free double perovskite heterojunction phosphor for white light is designed, namely Cs2SnCl6‐2%Bi3+&amp;4%Te4+/Cs2GeF6‐0.11%Mn4+, which has a low CCT of 3525 K, a high Ra of 90.5, good optical moisture and thermal stability. The pattern and mechanism of epitaxial growth are derived from structural and surface tests. Analyzing the optical properties clarifies the existence of energy transfer modes in this heterojunction material, i.e., from Bi3+ to Te4+, from Bi3+ to Mn4+, and from Te4+ to Mn4+. These results indicate the application prospects of these heterojunction phosphors in the field of white light illumination.

Assessment of a Conjugate Heat Transfer Method on an Effusion Cooled Combustor Operated With a Swirl Stabilized Partially Premixed Flame

Abstract Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) plays a crucial role in the design of cooling systems in gas turbine combustors due to the difficulties and costs related to experimental measurements performed in pressurized reactive environments. Despite the massive advances in computational resources in the last years, reactive unsteady and multi-scale simulations of combustor real operating conditions are still computationally expensive. Modern combustors often employ cooling schemes based on effusion technique, which provides uniform protection of the liner from hot gases, combining the heat removal by means of heat sink effect with liner coverage and protection by film cooling. However, a large number of effusion holes results in a relevant increase of computational resources required to perform a CFD simulation capable of correctly predicting the thermal load on the metal walls within the combustor. Moreover, a multi-physics and multi-scale approach is mandatory to properly consider the different characteristic scales of the several heat transfer modes within combustion chambers to achieve a reliable prediction of aerothermal fields within the combustor and wall heat fluxes and temperatures. From this point of view, loosely coupled approaches permit a strong reduction of the calculation time, since each physics is solved through a dedicated solver optimized according to the considered heat transfer mechanism. The object of this work is to highlight the capabilities of a loosely coupled unsteady multi-physics tool (U-THERM3D) developed at the University of Florence within ansys fluent. The coupling strategy will be employed for the numerical analysis of the TECFLAM effusion cooled swirl burner, an academic test rig well representative of the working conditions of a partially premixed combustion chamber equipped with an effusion cooling system, developed by the collaboration of the Universities of Darmstadt, Heidelberg, Karlsruhe, and the DLR. The highly detailed numerical results obtained from the unsteady multi-physics and multi-scale simulation will be compared with experimental data to validate the numerical procedure.

Efficient online migration mechanism for memory write-intensive virtual machines

Online migration of virtual machines (VMs) is indispensable for system maintenance as it helps to achieve several resource management objectives such as load balancing, proactive fault tolerance, green operation, and resource management of data centers. The migration efficiency and reliability are two major challenges in the online migration of memory write-intensive VMs. For example, pre-copy migration transfers a large amount of data and takes a long time to migrate. This study proposes an efficient and reliable adaptive hybrid migration mechanism for memory write-intensive VMs. The mechanism optimizes the data transfer mode of the common migration method and improves the performance of conventional hybrid migration. First, the virtual machine (VM) memory data to be migrated are divided into dynamic and static data based on the bitmap marking method, and the migration efficiency is improved through parallel transmission based on different networks. Second, to accelerate the migration reliability, an iterative convergence factor is proposed to evaluate the current system load state and adaptively calculate the switching time of the migration mode for adaptive hybrid migration based on the convergence factor. Through adaptive hybrid migration can achieve migration completed successfully, shorten the post-copy migration duration, and minimize the impact on the performance of VMs. Finally, this paper implements the system prototype based on a kernel-based virtual machine (KVM), and experiments are performed using multiple memory write-intensive load VMs. The results show that the proposed migration algorithm can significantly improve migration performance and complete migration quickly to solve the pre-copy migration failure problem with a memory write-intensive load. Compared with the traditional hybrid migration with only one round of pre-copy, the proposed migration algorithm reduces the total migration time and transmits data by 23.2% and 26.7%, respectively.

Z-scheme WO3-Co3O4 heterojunction for the boosted photo-thermo catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane

The selective catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane has important scientific research significance and application value in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. However, it is difficult for traditional catalytic systems to balance high conversion and high selectivity with convenient catalyst separation. In this study, Z-scheme WO3-Co3O4 composites are conceived and synthesized through controlled growth of Co3O4 square nanoparticles on WO3 nanorods for the boosted photo-thermo catalytic performance in the cyclohexane oxidation. The morphology structure, interface chemical bonding and photoelectrochemical properties of WO3-Co3O4 composites are investigated by various means of characterizations. The WO3-Co3O4 composites present significantly increased catalytic performance than WO3 nanorods and Co3O4 nanoparticles in the photo-thermo synergistic catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane under dry air. The high conversion rate of 11.46% with a KA oil selectivity of 99.12% was achieved using WO3-Co3O4 300 composite catalyst, which is 2.33 times that of WO3 nanorods and 1.24 times that of Co3O4 nanoparticles under the same catalytic conditions. The effect of reaction temperature and proportions of WO3-Co3O4 on the catalytic performances have been comparatively surveyed. Furthermore, energy band structure analyses and sacrificial trap experiments elucidate the Z-scheme charge transfer mode in WO3-Co3O4 composites to enhance the photo-thermo catalytic performance in cyclohexane oxidation.