Transfer Map Research Articles

Quantum mechanics of bending of a nonrelativistic charged particle beam by a dipole magnet

Quantum mechanics of bending of a nonrelativistic monoenergetic charged particle beam by a dipole magnet is studied in the paraxial approximation. The transfer map for the position and momentum components of a particle of the beam between two transverse planes at different points on the curved optic axis of the system is derived starting with the nonrelativistic Schrödinger equation. It is found that the quantum transfer map contains the classical transfer map as the main part and there are tiny quantum correction terms. The negligibly small quantum corrections explain the remarkable success of classical mechanics in charged particle beam optics.

Invariants in Separated Variables: Yang-Baxter, Entwining and Transfer Maps

We present the explicit form of a family of Liouville integrable maps in 3 variables, the so-called triad family of maps and we propose a multi-field generalisation of the latter. We show that by imposing separability of variables to the invariants of this family of maps, the $H_{\rm I}$, $H_{\rm II}$ and $H_{\rm III}^A$ Yang-Baxter maps in general position of singularities emerge. Two different methods to obtain entwining Yang-Baxter maps are also presented. The outcomes of the first method are entwining maps associated with the $H_{\rm I}$, $H_{\rm II}$ and $H_{\rm III}^A$ Yang-Baxter maps, whereas by the second method we obtain non-periodic entwining maps associated with the whole $F$ and $H$-list of quadrirational Yang-Baxter maps. Finally, we show how the transfer maps associated with the $H$-list of Yang-Baxter maps can be considered as the $(k-1)$-iteration of some maps of simpler form. We refer to these maps as extended transfer maps and in turn they lead to $k$-point alternating recurrences which can be considered as alternating versions of some hierarchies of discrete Painlev\'e equations.

Accurate Taylor transfer maps for large aperture iron dominated magnets used in charged particle separators and spectrometers

For high-resolution separators like the projected Super-FRS at FAIR, an adapted and accurate ion-optical model considering realistic B-dependent magnet parameters is crucial in achieving the desired parameters (e.g. resolution) and to enable a fast optimization. Starting from the magnetic field measurements and simulations, rigidity-dependent Taylor transfer maps are generated for the Super-FRS preseparator dipole magnets. The effects of the magnetic saturation in the steel yoke on the image aberrations are analyzed.

Implementation of a Spacer Grid Rod Thermal-Hydraulic Reconstruction (ROTHCON) Capability into the Thermal-Hydraulic Subchannel Code CTF

The Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors is developing a core simulator capability known as the Virtual Environment for Reactor Applications (VERA) to address nuclear industry challenge problems such as crud-induced power shift (CIPS). The CTF thermal-hydraulic (T/H) subchannel code provides thermal feedback in the coupled neutronics, T/H, crud chemistry simulation that VERA performs. It has been discovered that the coarse meshing approach used by CTF (in which fuel rods are discretized into four azimuthal segments) can be a source of error in predicting crud growth and boron distribution in VERA CIPS calculations. Spacer grid effects lead to complex rod-to-fluid heat transfer behavior that, when not resolved, can lead to error in the prediction of crud growth and boron deposition. A higher-fidelity computational fluid dynamics approach can be used instead of CTF, but this leads to excessive simulation times. This paper presents an approach for using high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics data to create shape functions that are used in CTF to reconstruct rod surface heat transfer behavior as a function of spacer grid geometry. The approach is demonstrated for a 5 × 5 rod bundle facility with five mixing vane grids under a range of operating conditions encountered in nominal pressurized water reactor conditions. It is demonstrated that the grid heat transfer maps are successful at introducing a higher-fidelity heat transfer modeling capability into CTF.

The geography of intercity technology transfer networks in China

ABSTRACTIn the era of the knowledge economy, the acquisition of exogenous knowledge is understood to be an important strategy for cities in their pursuit of economic growth. The Chinese government has taken measures to foster technology transfer between cities in an effort to promote the flow of knowledge and ideas. Patent transaction data from China's State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) covering the period 2008–15 are used to visualize the technology transfer map. The maps show that the frequency of inter-city patent transfer is intensifying, and the numbers of cities and city-pairs are increasing rapidly over time. Two key features of the network emerge: first, the dominant role played in the network by several cities that results in a ‘diamond-shaped’ spatial structure that has become more geographically extensive over time; and second, the hub-and-spoke structure of the network with Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen forming first-order hubs of technology transfer.

Assessment of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Effect on the Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Map Obtained from the Full Z-Spectrum in the Elderly Human Brain

Assessment of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Effect on the Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Map Obtained from the Full Z-Spectrum in the Elderly Human Brain

The transfer map of free loop spaces

For any perfect fibration $E \rightarrow B$, there is a loop transfer $LB_+ \rightarrow LE_+$, defined using topological Hochschild homology. We prove that this transfer is compatible with the Becker-Gottlieb transfer, allowing us to extend a result of Dorabiala and Johnson on the transfer map in Waldhausen's $A$-theory. In the case where $E \rightarrow B$ is a smooth fiber bundle, we also give a concrete geometric model for the free loop transfer in terms of Pontryagin-Thom collapse maps. We recover the previously known computations of the free loop transfer due to Schlichtkrull, and make a few new computations as well.

Element sets for high-order Poincaré mapping of perturbed Keplerian motion

The propagation and Poincar\'e mapping of perturbed Keplerian motion is a key topic in celestial mechanics and astrodynamics, e.g. to study the stability of orbits or design bounded relative trajectories. The high-order transfer map (HOTM) method enables efficient mapping of perturbed Keplerian orbits over many revolutions. For this, the method uses the high-order Taylor expansion of a Poincar\'e or stroboscopic map, which is accurate close to the expansion point. In this paper, we investigate the performance of the HOTM method using different element sets for building the high-order map. The element sets investigated are the classical orbital elements, modified equinoctial elements, Hill variables, cylindrical coordinates and Deprit's ideal elements. The performances of the different coordinate sets are tested by comparing the accuracy and efficiency of mapping low-Earth and highly-elliptical orbits perturbed by $J_2$ with numerical propagation. The accuracy of HOTM depends strongly on the choice of elements and type of orbit. A new set of elements is introduced that enables extremely accurate mapping of the state, even for high eccentricities and higher-order zonal perturbations. Finally, the high-order map is shown to be very useful for the determination and study of fixed points and centre manifolds of Poincar\'e maps.

Dipole-bound anions: formed by Rydberg electron transfer (RET) and studied by velocity map imaging–anion photoelectron spectroscopy (VMI–aPES)

Here, we demonstrate the capabilities of the unique combination of Rydberg electron transfer (RET) and velocity map imaging–anion photoelectron spectroscopy (VMI–aPES) to form dipole bound anions and to measure their photoelectron spectra. For these purposes, we have chosen the dipole bound anions of acetonitrile, ammonia–water dimer, water dimer, dimethyl sulfoxide and thymine as examples. All of these had been previously formed and/or studied but by other methodologies.

A Livšic Theorem for Matrix Cocycles Over Non-uniformly Hyperbolic Systems

We prove a Liv\v{s}ic-type theorem for H\"older continuous and matrix-valued cocycles over non-uniformly hyperbolic systems. More precisely, we prove that whenever $(f,\mu)$ is a non-uniformly hyperbolic system and $A:M \to GL(d,\mathbb{R}) $ is an $\alpha$-H\"{o}lder continuous map satisfying $ A(f^{n-1}(p))\ldots A(p)=\text{Id}$ for every $p\in \text{Fix}(f^n)$ and $n\in \mathbb{N}$, there exists a measurable map $P:M\to GL(d,\mathbb{R})$ satisfying $A(x)=P(f(x))P(x)^{-1}$ for $\mu$-almost every $x\in M$. Moreover, we prove that whenever the measure $\mu$ has local product structure the transfer map $P$ is $\alpha$-H\"{o}lder continuous in sets with arbitrary large measure.

Hyperpolarized 129 Xe gas transfer MRI: the transition from 1.5T to 3T.

Hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI depicting 3D ventilation, interstitial barrier uptake, and transfer to red blood cells (RBCs) has emerged as a powerful new means of detecting pulmonary disease. However, given the challenging susceptibility environment of the lung, such gas transfer imaging has, thus far, only been implemented at 1.5T. Here, we seek to demonstrate the feasibility of Dixon-based 129 Xe gas transfer MRI at 3T. Seven healthy subjects and six patients with pulmonary disorders were recruited to characterize 129 Xe spectral structure, optimize acquisition parameters, and acquire representative images. Imaging used randomized, gradient-spoiled 3D-radial encoding of 1000 gas (0.5° flip) and dissolved (20° flip) views, reconstructed into 3-mm isotropic voxels. The center of k-space was sampled when barrier and RBC compartments were 90° out of phase (TE90 ). A single dissolved phase spectrum was appended to the sequence to measure the global RBC-barrier ratio for Dixon-based decomposition. A 0.69 ms sinc was found to generate minimal off-resonance gas-phase excitation (3.0 ± 0.3% of the dissolved-phase), yielding a TE90 = 0.47 ± 0.02 ms. The RBC and barrier resonance frequencies were shifted by 217.6 ± 0.6 ppm and 197.8 ± 0.2 ppm. The RBC was estimated to be ∼1.1 ms, and therefore each read-out was limited to 1.3 ms. 129 Xe gas and dissolved-phase images have sufficient SNR to produce gas transfer maps of similar quality and sensitivity to pathology, as previously obtained at 1.5T. Despite short dissolved-phase , 129 Xe gas transfer MRI is feasible at 3T.

Hybrid methods for muon accelerator simulations with ionization cooling1

Muon ionization cooling involves passing particles through solid or liquid absorbers. Careful simulations are required to design muon cooling channels. New features have been developed for inclusion in the transfer map code COSY Infinity to follow the distribution of charged particles through matter. To study the passage of muons through material, the transfer map approach alone is not sufficient. The interplay of beam optics and atomic processes must be studied by a hybrid transfer map-Monte-Carlo approach in which transfer map methods describe the deterministic behavior of the particles, and Monte-Carlo methods are used to provide corrections accounting for the stochastic nature of scattering and straggling of particles. The advantage of the new approach is that the vast majority of the dynamics are represented by fast application of the high-order transfer map of an entire element and accumulated stochastic effects. The gains in speed are expected to simplify the optimization of cooling channels which is usually computationally demanding. Progress on the development of the required algorithms and their application to modeling muon ionization cooling channels is reported.

Positivity VS Negativity of Canonical Bases

We provide examples for negativity of structure constants of the stably canonical basis of modified quantum $\mathfrak{gl}_n$ and an analogous basis of modified quantum coideal algebra of $\mathfrak{gl}_n$. In contrast, we construct the canonical basis of the modified quantum coideal algebra of $\mathfrak{sl}_n$, establish the positivity of its structure constants, the positivity with respect to a geometric bilinear form as well as the positivity of its action on the tensor powers of the natural representation. The matrix coefficients of the transfer map on these Schur algebras with respect to the canonical bases are shown to be positive. Formulas for canonical basis of the iSchur algebra of rank one are obtained.

Splitting Madsen-Tillmann spectra I. Twisted transfer maps

We record various properties of twisted Becker-Gottlieb transfer maps and study their multiplicative properties analogous to Becker-Gottlieb transfer. We show these twisted transfer maps factor through Becker-Schultz-Mann-Miller-Miller transfer; some of these might be well known. We apply this to show that $BSO(2n+1)_+$ splits off $MTO(2n)$, which after localisation away from $2$, refines to a homotopy equivalence $MTO(2n)\simeq BO(2n)_+$ as well as $MTO(2n+1)\simeq *$ for all $n\geqslant0$. This reduces the study of $MTO(n)$ to the $2$-localized case. At the prime $2$ our splitting allows us to identify some algebraically independent classes in mod $2$ cohomology of $\Omega^\infty MTO(2n)$. We also show that $BG_+$ splits off $MTK$ for some pairs $(G,K)$ at appropriate set of primes $p$, and investigate the consequences for characteristic classes, including algebraic independence and non-divisibility of some universally defined characteristic classes, generalizing results of Ebert and Randal-Williams.

Asymmetric wave transmission through one dimensional lattices with cubic-quintic nonlinearity

One dimensional lattice with an on-site cubic-quintic nonlinear response described by a cubic-quintic discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation is tested for asymmetric wave propagation. The lattice is connected to linear side chains. Asymmetry is introduced by breaking the mirror symmetry of the lattice with respect to the center of the nonlinear region. Three cases corresponding to dimer, trimer and quadrimer are discussed with focus on the corresponding diode-like effect. Transmission coefficients are analytically calculated for left and right moving waves via backward transfer map. The different transmission coefficients for the left and right moving waves impinging the lattice give rise to a diode-like effect which is tested for different variations in asymmetry and site dependent coefficients. We show that there is a higher transmission for incoming waves with lower wavenumbers as compared to the waves with comparatively larger wavenumbers and a diode-like effect improves by increasing the nonlinear layers. We also show that in the context of transport through such lattices, the cooperation between cubic and quintic nonlinear response is not “additive”. Finally, we numerically analyse Gaussian wave packet dynamics impinging on the CQDNLS lattice for all three cases.

Software behaviour analysis method based on behaviour template

This paper proposes a software behaviours analysis method based on behaviour template (SABT), which according to the context of source code, builds a behaviour template to detect software malicious behaviour based on function transfer map and minimum function blocks. In the present research, many methods used state transfer diagram to build software behaviour model. Our method is based on the corresponding relationship between the functions and system call sequence, which ensures the accuracy of the malicious behaviour detection. Compared with traditional methods, such as N-gram, FSA, and Var-gram, SABT can get higher cover rate of code and detect abnormal behaviour more effectively and efficiently.

Temperature decline thermography for laminar\u2013turbulent transition detection in aerodynamics

Detailed knowledge about laminar–turbulent transition and heat transfer distribution of flows around complex aerodynamic components are crucial to achieve highest efficiencies in modern aerodynamical systems. Several measurement techniques have been developed to determine those parameters either quantitatively or qualitatively. Most of them require extensive instrumentation or give unreliable results as the boundary conditions are often not known with the required precision. This work introduces the simple and robust temperature decline method to qualitatively detect the laminar–turbulent transition and the respective heat transfer coefficients on a surface exposed to an air flow, according to patent application Stadlbauer et al. (Patentnr. WO2014198251 A1, 2014). This method provides results which are less sensitive to control parameters such as the heat conduction into the blade material and temperature inhomogeneities in the flow or blade. This method was applied to measurements with NACA0018 airfoils exposed to the flow of a calibration-free jet at various Reynolds numbers and angles of attack. For data analysis, a post-processing method was developed and qualified to determine a quantity proportional to the heat transfer coefficient into the flow. By plotting this quantity for each pixel of the surface, a qualitative, two-dimensional heat transfer map was obtained. The results clearly depicted the areas of onset and end of transition over the full span of the model and agreed with the expected behavior based on the respective flow condition. To validate the approach, surface hotfilm measurements were conducted simultaneously on the same NACA profile. Both techniques showed excellent agreement. The temperature decline method allows to visualize laminar–turbulent transitions on static or moving parts and can be applied on a very broad range of scales—from tiny airfoils up to large airplane wings.

Representation rings for fusion systems and dimension functions

We define the representation ring of a saturated fusion system \(\mathcal F\) as the Grothendieck ring of the semiring of \(\mathcal F\)-stable representations, and study the dimension functions of \(\mathcal F\)-stable representations using the transfer map induced by the characteristic idempotent of \(\mathcal F\). We find a list of conditions for an \(\mathcal F\)-stable super class function to be realized as the dimension function of an \(\mathcal F\)-stable virtual representation. We also give an application of our results to constructions of finite group actions on homotopy spheres.

Matching seed to site by climate similarity: Techniques to prioritize plant materials development and use in restoration

Land management agencies are increasing the use of native plant materials for vegetation treatments to restore ecosystem function and maintain natural ecological integrity. This shift toward the use of natives has highlighted a need to increase the diversity of materials available. A key problem is agreeing on how many, and which, new accessions should be developed. Here we describe new methods that address this problem. Our methods use climate data to calculate a climate similarity index between two points in a defined extent. This index can be used to predict relative performance of available accessions at a target site. In addition, the index can be used in combination with standard cluster analysis algorithms to quantify and maximize climate coverage (mean climate similarity), given a modeled range extent and a specified number of accessions. We demonstrate the utility of this latter feature by applying it to the extents of 11 western North American species with proven or potential use in restoration. First, a species-specific seed transfer map can be readily generated for a species by predicting performance for accessions currently available; this map can be readily updated to accommodate new accessions. Next, the increase in climate coverage achieved by adding successive accessions can be explored, yielding information that managers can use to balance ecological and economic considerations in determining how many accessions to develop. This approach identifies sampling sites, referred to as climate centers, which contribute unique, complementary, climate coverage to accessions on hand, thus providing explicit sampling guidance for both germplasm preservation and research. We examine how these and other features of our approach add to existing methods used to guide plant materials development and use. Finally, we discuss how these new methods provide a framework that could be used to coordinate native plant materials development, evaluation, and use across agencies, regions, and research groups.

Sur le module de Bertrandias–Payan dans une p-extension – Noyau de capitulation

For a number field K and a prime number p we denote by BP\_K the compositum of the cyclic p-extensions of K embeddable in a cyclic p-extension of arbitrary large degree. Then BP\_K is p-ramified (= unramified outside p) and is a finite extension of the compositum K~ of the Z\_p-extensions of K.We study the transfer map j\_(L/K) (as a capitulation map of ideal classes) for the Bertrandias-Payan module bp\_K:=Gal(BP\_K/K~) in a p-extension L/K (p\textgreater{}2, assuming the Leopoldt conjecture). In the cyclic case of degree p, j\_(L/K) is injective except if L/K is kummerian, p-ramified, non globally cyclotomic but locally cyclotomic at p (Theorem 3.1). We then intend to characterize the condition \#bp\_K divides \#bp\_L^G (fixed points). So we study bp\_L^G when j\_(L/K) is not injective and show that it depends on the Galois group (over K~) of the maximal Abelian p-ramified pro-p-extension of K.We give complete proofs in an elementary way using ideal approach of global class field theory.