State Transfer Research Articles

Exploring Through-Space Charge Transfer-Mediated Optoelectrochemical Properties of Dual-State Luminescent Aliphatic Polymers and Optoelectronic Responses toward Metal Ions.

Herein, natural-synthetic hybrid dual-state luminescent conducting polymers (DLCPs/DLCP1-DLCP8) possessing significant optoelectrochemical properties are strategically developed by the polymerization of prop-2-enamide, cis-butenedioic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, and in situ-generated 2-(3-acrylamidopropanamido)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid alongside the grafting of gum tragacanth. The spectroscopic data of aliphatic DLCPs affirm DLCP7 as the most stable supramolecular assembly endowing optoelectronic properties. Computational calculations identified -C(═O)NH-, -C(═O)OH, -OH, and -SO3H as subluminophores. The absorption spectra, excitation wavelength-/solvent-polarity-/concentration-dependent luminescence, solid state luminescence, aggregation-induced enhanced luminescence, and time-correlated single photon count (TCSPC) studies confirm the occurrence of aggregation-mediated intramolecular through-space charge transfer (ITSCT) in the excited state of DLCP7. Mulliken charge, natural bond orbital, dipole moments, and electronic potential surface analyses confirm the charge donor-acceptor system in DLCP7. Furthermore, the selective optoelectronic response of DLCP7 toward Ca2+/Cu(II) at 438/574 nm is explored using ultraviolet-visible spectra, TCSPC analyses, a dynamic light scattering study, and computational investigations. The chelation-enhanced luminescence and ITSCT inhibition are responsible for turn-on and turn-off detections of Ca2+ and Cu(II), respectively. Cu(II) → Cu(I) reduction in a DLCP7 solution is inferred from electrochemical and spectroscopic analyses. The conductivities of 9.65 × 10-5 S cm-1 (solid state) and 44.35 × 10-5 S cm-1 (solution) in DLCP7 are validated by current-voltage and electrochemical impedance measurements. Again, strong electronic conductivities of 43.89 × 10-5 S cm-1 (solid state)/53.34 × 10-5 S cm-1 (solution) and 45.42 × 10-5 S cm-1 (solid state)/64.81 × 10-5 S cm-1 (solution) are observed in Ca2+-DLCP7 and Cu(II)-DLCP7, respectively.

Study the Characteristic of the Coupling Parameter ( ? ) in Dusty Plasma by Computer modeling

Computer modeling has been used to investing the Coulomb coupling parameter ?. The effects of the structure parameter K, grain charge Z, plasma density N, temperature dust grain Td, on the Coulomb coupling parameter had been studied. It was seen that the ? was increasing with increasing Z and N, and decrease with increasing K and T. Also the critical value of ? that the phase transfer of the plasma state from liquid to solid was studied.

Pt supported on modified-coal gasification slag for efficient dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane in a fixed bed reactor

Coal gasification slag (CGS) was used for modification and loaded platinum (Pt) to liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) for the first time. The carbon hybrid silica (C/SiO2) was prepared by removing metal oxides and carbon residue of CGS through acid treatment and calcination. The C/SiO2 loaded Pt (Pt-C/SiO2) exhibited only a 1.3% decrease in dehydrogenation conversion rate after 30 h of continuous catalytic dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane (MCH), and even after 100 h, the decrease was only 4.9%. When Pt was directly loaded on CGS (Pt-CGS), it showed higher catalytic activity (dehydrogenation conversion rate was 20.4%), but lower catalytic stability (dehydrogenation conversion rate decreased by 56% after 7 h). Additionally, commercial Pt-SiO2 catalysts exhibited poor dehydrogenation conversion rate, significantly lower than that of Pt-C/SiO2. Density functional theory calculations confirmed the influence of carbon hybrid SiO2 on the adsorption energy, electron transfer and density of states for the catalytic dehydrogenation of MCH. The highly active and stable Pt-C/SiO2 catalyst can be effectively utilized for LOCH while achieving high-value utilization of CGS solid waste.

Asymptotic solutions for heat transfer and stresses in functionally graded porous sandwich pipes subjected to nonuniform pressures and thermal loads

In this work, thermomechanical behaviors of temperature-dependent (TD) functionally graded porous (FGP) sandwich pipes subjected to nonuniform pressures and thermal loads are studied. Because the material properties are variable across the wall of the pipe, seeking exact solutions for the pipe is almost impossible. We use a slice model where the pipe is partitioned into plenty of annular slices and each slice is assumed to have uniform material properties. First, the nonlinear heat transfer along the pipe wall thickness is obtained by introducing an iterative procedure. Then, by using the Fourier series, the mechanical problem is decomposed into axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric parts. Both the parts can be treated by the state space method and transfer matrix method, and then the superposition principle is used to obtain the displacement and stress distributions. The model results are in good consistency with those obtained from the numerical simulation and those reported in the literature. Finally, an FGP sandwich pipe is considered to discuss the effects of the temperature dependence of material properties (TDMP), power-law index, porosity, and pressure distribution on its thermomechanical behaviors.

A new model of the impact of information dissemination with emotional responses on disease transmission in multilayer networks

During disease transmission, the dissemination of information about the disease prompts safety concerns among individuals. Individuals’ various emotional responses to information may affect infection prevention measures and, consequently, disease transmission. In this paper, we propose a new coupled information and disease transmission model with emotional factors in multiplex networks. Our specific focus is on the impact of diverse emotional responses on the dynamics process. We employ the Microscopic Markov Chain Approach (MMCA) to analyze the model, and obtaining state transfer equations, and deriving the disease transmission threshold. Extensive numerical simulations show that dissemination of information by relevant authorities motivates individuals to adopt scientific self-protective behaviors, thus helping to control disease transmission. Furthermore, individuals who have different emotional responses after obtaining information have varying effects on disease transmission, and reducing the anxiety response or increasing the calm response of individuals can more effectively decrease the scale of disease transmission and increase the disease transmission threshold. In summary, improving the quality of information released by the emergency management department, reducing the individual’s anxiety response, and encouraging the adoption of positive and effective protective measures are of paramount importance for epidemic prevention and control.

The fiscal effects of immigration on local governments: Revisiting the Mariel Boatlift

Immigration raises important political and economic questions, yet there remains considerable disagreement about its short- and long-term consequences. This paper examines the fiscal consequences of immigration for local governments. Previous work has highlighted the gap between the long-term economic benefits of immigration and the short-term fiscal burden posed by recent arrivals, however several influential estimates based on cash-flow accounting suffer from potential bias. I use a quasi-experimental approach to re-examine a famous case: the large wave of Cuban refugees that landed in Miami in 1980, otherwise known as the Mariel Boatlift. Using a synthetic control design, I find that per-pupil education costs increased in Miami in the aftermath of the Boatlift, financed by an increase in state transfers. These effects persisted for at least ten years. The results shed light on the heterogeneous impacts of immigration over time and space.

High-fidelity remote entanglement between superconducting fixed-frequency qubits

Abstract Highly accurate quantum state transfer and remote entanglement between superconducting fixed-frequency qubits have not yet been realized. In this study, we calculate the characteristics of a transmission path with a 1- or 0.25 m superconducting coaxial cable and use the characteristics to perform time evolution simulations of quantum state transfer and remote entanglement between superconducting fixed-frequency qubits. We find that remote entanglement, or half-quantum state transfer, can achieve a high fidelity > 99 % even in the presence of a qubit frequency detuning caused by manufacturing fluctuations, while a small qubit frequency detuning substantially reduces the efficiency of quantum state transfer. Quantum circuit simulations modeling proposed remote entanglement demonstrate that teleportation of a logical qubit with a 3 × 3 surface code, as an example of computation using remote entanglement, attains nearly the same fidelity as in-node computation for both 1- and 0.25 m cable lengths.

Reliability analysis of load-sharing system with the common-cause failure based on GO-FLOW method

The load-sharing system (LSS) with the common-cause failure (CCF) is widely used in industrial engineering applications. If a component in this system fails, the total load is shared by the other components, leading to an increased failure rate of the surviving components. The traditional GO-FLOW method is difficult to calculate the reliability of this system accurately. To address this issue, a new reliability analysis approach is proposed in this paper. In this approach, a new GO-FLOW operator is established to simulate the LSS with CCF. Firstly, the state transfer relationship between components in the LSS is identified. Secondly, the α-factor is used to establish the relationship between the independent failure rate λI and the CCF rate λC. Finally, the Markov method is employed to calculate the transient-state and steady-state reliability of the system, and the calculation process for the parallel system and k-out-of-n(F) system are given, respectively. The feasibility of the proposed method is illustrated through a numerical example of a distributed electric propulsion system. This approach extends the applicability of the GO-FLOW method.

Optimizing Control of a Hybrid Quantum System of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers and Superconducting Transmon Qubits

Abstract The control of hybrid quantum systems via the application of external fields is rapidly evolving field of research for the development of quantum applications and technologies. We model and optimize the dynamics of a hybrid quantum system consists of two non-local ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers and a superconducting transmon qubit mediated by two transmission line resonators. We apply a set of optimized time-dependent external driving field to enhance the system performance to function as a high fidelity state-to-state transfer. The Hamiltonian of the externally driven transmission line resonators is modelled by considering the non-linear transmons. The numerical simulation of the system is done using the optimized parameters of the external fields. By applying the optimized pulses, we have increased the fidelity of the state transfer from 0.7 to 1.0 within 100 ns. By varying the full wave half maxima value (FWHM) of the Gaussian pulse, it result in decreasing the amplitude of the fast oscillating states of the transmon and nitrogen-vacancy ensembles. These optimized external pulses also created a strong coupling between the components of under-consideration physical quantum system, which will eventually increase the fidelity of the system in a relatively faster time.

Strong quantum state transfer on graphs via loop edges

We quantify the effect of weighted loops at the source and target nodes of a graph on the strength of quantum state transfer between these vertices. We give lower bounds on loop weights that guarantee strong transfer fidelity that works for any graph where this protocol is feasible. By considering local spectral symmetry, we show that the required weight size depends only on the maximum degree of the graph and, in some less favorable cases, the distance between vertices. Additionally, we explore the duration for which transfer strength remains above a specified threshold.

Quantum state transfer between cells and binary tree model

Discussing quantum state transfer on a graph is a very difficult task, when it has a relatively large number of vertices. In this paper, we construct cells so that it contain a number of vertices by partitioning the vertices, so that a finite number of cells can be used to cover all vertices on the graph. Subsequently, we define the adjacency case between cells and the orthonormal basis on the complex Hilbert space. In this framework, the quantum state transfer based on binary tree model is studied by using Laplacian operator.

Pretty good state transfer among large sets of vertices

Pretty good state transfer among large sets of vertices

Rapid Quantification of Oxytetracycline Based on Fluorescence Enhancement Influenced by pH.

Accurate quantification of antibiotics in environmental samples is typically challenging due to the low antibiotic concentrations and the complexity of environmental matrices. This paper presents a fluorescence spectrometry method for determining oxytetracycline under alkaline conditions. The ionic distribution of the oxytetracycline solution was analyzed based on its dissociation constant. The dimethylamino group plays a crucial role in this method, as it promotes intramolecular charge transfer in the electronic excited state through its electron-donating capability with a lone electron pair. The presented method is straightforward, cost-effective, and holds potential for analyzing oxytetracycline in water sample after further investigation.

Optical Mode Entanglement Generation from an Optomechanical Nanobeam

Abstract Nano-optomechanical systems, capable of supporting enhanced light-matter interactions, have wide applications in studying quantum entanglement and quantum information processors. Yet, preparing optical telecom-band entanglement within a single optomechanical nanobeam remains blank. We propose and design a triply resonant optomechanical nanobeam to generate steady-state entangled propagating optical modes and present its quantum-enhanced performance for teleportation-based quantum state transfer under realistic conditions. Remarkably, the entanglement quantified by logarithmic negativity can obtain E N = 1. Furthermore, with structural imperfections induced by realistic fabrication processes considered, the device still shows great robustness. Together with quantum interfaces between mechanical motion and solid-state qubit processors, the proposed device potentially paves the way for versatile nodes in long-distance quantum networks.

Investigating Competing Inner‐ and Outer‐Sphere Electron‐Transfer Pathways in Copper Photoredox‐Catalyzed Atom‐Transfer Radical Additions: Closing the Cycle

This integrated computational and experimental study comprehensively examines the viability of competing inner‐sphere electron transfer (ISET) and outer‐sphere electron transfer (OSET) processes in [Cu(dap)2]+‐mediated atom‐transfer radical additions (ATRA) of olefins and CF3SO2Cl that can deliver both R–SO2Cl and R–Cl products. Five sterically‐ and electronically‐varied representative alkenes were selected from which to explore and reconcile the range of experimentally observed outcomes. Findings are consistent with photoexcited [Cu(dap)2]+ initiating photoelectron transfer via ISET and the subsequent regeneration of the oxidized catalyst via single‐electron transfer in the ground state via ISET to close the catalytic cycle and liberate products. R–SO2Cl/R–Cl product ratios appear to be primarily governed by the relative rates of direct catalyst regeneration {i.e., [Cu(dap)2SO2Cl]•+ + R•} and ligand exchange {i.e., [Cu(dap)2SO2Cl]•+ + Cl– }. Through this work, a more consistent and more complete conceptual framework has been developed to better understand this chemistry and how catalyst regeneration occurs. It is this important ground state process, which closes the catalytic cycle, and ultimately controls the enantioselectivity of ATRA reactions employing chiral copper photocatalysts

Investigating Competing Inner- and Outer-Sphere Electron-Transfer Pathways in Copper Photoredox-Catalyzed Atom-Transfer Radical Additions: Closing the Cycle.

This integrated computational and experimental study comprehensively examines the viability of competing inner-sphere electron transfer (ISET) and outer-sphere electron transfer (OSET) processes in [Cu(dap)2]+-mediated atom-transfer radical additions (ATRA) of olefins and CF3SO2Cl that can deliver both R-SO2Cl and R-Cl products. Five sterically- and electronically-varied representative alkenes were selected from which to explore and reconcile the range of experimentally observed outcomes. Findings are consistent with photoexcited [Cu(dap)2]+ initiating photoelectron transfer via ISETand the subsequent regeneration of the oxidized catalyst via single-electron transfer in the ground state via ISETto close the catalytic cycle and liberate products. R-SO2Cl/R-Cl product ratios appear to be primarily governed by the relative rates of direct catalyst regeneration {i.e., [Cu(dap)2SO2Cl]•+ + R•} and ligand exchange {i.e., [Cu(dap)2SO2Cl]•+ + Cl- }. Through this work, a more consistent and more complete conceptual framework has been developed to better understand this chemistry and how catalyst regeneration occurs. It is this important ground state process, which closes the catalytic cycle, and ultimately controls the enantioselectivity of ATRA reactions employing chiral copper photocatalysts.

Quantum state transfer in a ring geometry of optical waveguides having nonuniform couplings

The quantum state transfer of a system of N coupled waveguides in a ring geometry, where the last waveguide is coupled to the first one is considered. The coupling parameters are chosen not to be equal, but to vary according to the position of the waveguides. We examine the fidelity between different waveguides in order to check if it is possible to achieve a perfect state transfer (PST). We focused our analysis on the single-photon Fock state and the two-photon N00N state. Very high values of fidelity (> 95%) were found for both cases, but the PST was only observed for the single-photon Fock state.

Single-cell mosaic integration and cell state transfer with auto-scaling self-attention mechanism.

The integration of data from multiple modalities generated by single-cell omics technologies is crucial for accurately identifying cell states. One challenge in comprehending multi-omics data resides in mosaic integration, in which different data modalities are profiled in different subsets of cells, as it requires simultaneous batch effect removal and modality alignment. Here, we develop Multi-omics Mosaic Auto-scaling Attention Variational Inference (mmAAVI), a scalable deep generative model for single-cell mosaic integration. Leveraging auto-scaling self-attention mechanisms, mmAAVI can map arbitrary combinations of omics to the common embedding space. If existing well-annotated cell states, the model can perform semisupervised learning to utilize existing these annotations. We validated the performance of mmAAVI and five other commonly used methods on four benchmark datasets, which vary in cell numbers, omics types, and missing patterns. mmAAVI consistently demonstrated its superiority. We also validated mmAAVI's ability for cell state knowledge transfer, achieving balanced accuracies of 0.82 and 0.97 with less 1% labeled cells between batches with completely different omics. The full package is available at https://github.com/luyiyun/mmAAVI.

Real-Time Monitoring and Control with Wireless Sensor and Actuator Technology

This paper explores the implementation of a smart monitoring system within a wireless sensor network, with a particular emphasis on developing a robust routing framework using the Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL). This protocol, is designed to address the unique challenges of low-power and lossy environments. Our approach involves using a streamlined version of the Representational State Transfer (REST) architecture, implemented through a binary web service. This setup minimizes overhead and maximizes efficiency, which is critical for resource-constrained networks. Additionally, we use a publish/subscribe model, where each node in the network makes its resources—such as environmental sensors—available to other nodes interested in them. This model enhances the flexibility and responsiveness of the network. A significant part of our research involves a detailed performance evaluation of RPL. We conducted a series of experiments to understand how various parameters of the RPL protocol affect its performance in a smart grid scenario. Our analysis looks at key metrics such as routing efficiency, energy consumption, and overall network reliability. Through these experiments, we aim to provide valuable insights into how different configurations of RPL can impact its effectiveness. Our findings are intended to guide the optimization of RPL for specific applications, offering practical recommendations for deploying smart monitoring systems in similar low-power, lossy environments. This research not only sheds light on RPL’s performance but also contributes to the advancement of more efficient and reliable wireless sensor networks for smart grids and other related applications.

Multiplexed quantum state transfer in waveguides

In this article, we consider a realistic waveguide implementation of a quantum network that serves as a testbed to show how to maximize the storage and manipulation of quantum information in QED setups. We analyze two approaches using wavepacket engineering and quantum state transfer protocols. First, we propose and design a family of orthogonal photons in the time domain. These photons allow for a selective interaction with distinct targeted qubits. Yet, mode multiplexing employing resonant nodes is largely spoiled by cross-talk effects. This motivates the second approach, namely, frequency multiplexing. Here we explore the limits of frequency multiplexing through the waveguide, analyzing its capabilities to host and faithfully transmit photons of different frequencies within a given bandwidth. We perform detailed one- and two-photon simulations and provide theoretical bounds for the fidelity of coherent quantum state transfer protocols under realistic conditions. Our results show that state-of-the-art experiments can employ dozens of multiplexed photons with global fidelities fulfilling the requirements imposed by fault-tolerant quantum computing. This is with the caveat that the conditions for single-photon fidelity are met. Published by the American Physical Society 2024