Transaction Purposes Research Articles

Older adults' e-government use for bureaucratic and transactional purposes: the role of website-related perceptions and subjective digital skills

Purpose This paper aims to establish the link between the attitudes older adults hold toward governmental websites, their subjective online public service use skills and their e-government use for bureaucratic (e.g. document downloading or filling them out online) and transactional (e.g. payment) purposes. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from the 2020 Israel Social Survey and analyzed using binary logistic regression models. The sample included internet users aged 60 years and older (N = 735). Findings Subjective use skills were positively associated with each studied type of e-government use. Perception of security in providing personal information on governmental websites was also positively associated with both types of use. Perceived clarity and simplicity of governmental websites was (positively) related to transactional e-government use only. Research limitations/implications The results suggest that the types of e-government use in older adulthood are not contingent upon exactly the same factors. Moreover, attitudes toward e-government seem to be more relevant for transactional rather than bureaucratic e-government use in this lifespan period. Originality/value The study examines factors related to government website uses of various types in later life – a rarely studied topic in e-government research.

The Influence of The Value of Oil and Gas Exports and Imports on The Country's Foreign Exchange from 2010-2017

International trade requires a very important source of financing, namely foreign exchange reserves. Foreign exchange reserves are the net position of foreign assets of the government and foreign exchange banks, which must be maintained for international transaction purposes. This research aims to determine the effect of oil and gas exports, namely crude oil, oil and gas products on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. The type of data used in this research is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency website, data taken from BPS is the value of oil and gas exports and imports for 1996-2017 and the position of foreign exchange reserves for 2005-2018. The method used in this research is the Simple Linear Regression Method which is used to see the form of relationship between variables through an equation. From the research results above, it can be concluded that oil and gas exports and imports in 2010-2017 did not have a significant effect on the country's foreign exchange reserves. This shows the lack of contribution of exports and imports of crude oil, oil and gas products in influencing the country's foreign exchange reserves.

Uang Elektronik (E-Money) dalam Perspektif Maqashid Syariah

Electronic money is one of the payment tools in electronic form where the value of money is stored in certain electronic media, the user or users must first deposit the funds to the issuer or issuer, then stored in electronic media in the form of an e-money before using it for transaction purposes. at merchants that provide payment facilities using electronic money. The purpose of this study is to analyze e-money from the perspective of the Koran and to discuss the contracts contained in all transactions through e-money. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, with a library research approach,namely a series of activities related to library data collection methods, reading and recording and processing research materials from supporting literature. Today's e-money has been transformed in the development of world technology and among the halal community and has fulfilled the rules of the quran and sharia maqasid as a transaction tool. Researchers want to review E-money from the perspective of the quran, whether it is in accordance with the principles of the quran and the contracts contained in e-money

Analisis Faktor Perubahan Kurs Rupiah Terhadap Valuta Asing

Exchange rate is the exchange rate of one country's currency with another country's currency which is carried out for international transaction purposes. The demand and supply of a currency are influenced by several factors which will cause fluctuating changes in the exchange rate of a currency to another country's currency or foreign currency. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence changes in the rupiah exchange rate against foreign currencies. The method used in this research is a systematic literature review which will dig deeper by observing, reviewing, presenting, and interpreting research, with data taken from Google Scholar and Sinta literature. The research results show that the factors that influence changes in the rupiah exchange rate against foreign currencies are inflation, money supply, and interest rates.

ANALYSIS OF THE DATA QUALITY OF SERVICE TRANSACTION ON INDONESIA’S BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

This study aims to analyze the root causes of data quality problems in Foreign Exchange Reporting (LLD) as the primary data source used in the preparation of the Indonesian Balance of Payments (NPI), especially in service transactions. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and document analysis. The results of the study concluded that the data quality problem of LLD reporting was data accuracy. The root causes of the data quality problem of LLD reporting come from both the internal and external sides of Bank Indonesia. The root causes from the internal side of Bank Indonesia are complex transaction purpose codes (STT), acceleration of the development of service transaction, and manual data accuracy checks. While the root causes of the data quality problem from the external side of Bank Indonesia is the routine mutation of frontliner employees of the reporting bank and the lack of training conducted by the Head Office of the reporting bank. To address the root of the problem, several strategies are recommended to be implemented, namely adjustments to the STT list, training to LLD Account Officers, preparation of automated data accuracy check tools, preparation of e-learning and handbook about LLD reporting, as well as additional policies related to training obligations by Head Office of the reporting bank.

Do E-Wallets Altered Consumptive Behavior? Qualitative Study Of Gen Z In Jambi City

This research was conducted to find out and analyze the factors that influence the use of e-wallets and how the behavior of generation Z in the city of Jambi forms. This study uses a qualitative approach. The data sources used are primary and secondary data sources. While the data collection technique used in this study is using observation interviews and documentation. The results showed that the factors that influence the use of e-wallets in generation Z in the city of Jambi are divided into the main factors namely, Benefit, Convenience and supporting factors including, Cost Factor, Popular Factor, Efficiency Factor, Speed Factor, Factor Security, Convenience Factors, Promo and Discount Factors, and Pulse/Token Payment Service Business Factors. Thus there are two main factors and eight supporting factors. Transaction purposes that indicate that using e-wallets encourage people to be more consumptive are top-up Games and Online Shopping. Based on observation from 112 informants, out of 112 informants, 62% of them feel more consumptive when using e-wallets. Meanwhile, 38% felt that they were not consumptive and 4% were mediocre.

Blockchain-based application for NC machining process decision and transaction

In the field of NC process design, a large number of designers or manufacturing enterprises have provided a wealth of crowd intelligence resources. However, the lack of organizational methods for the knowledge contained in a large number of machining process data makes it impossible to effectively utilize the machining process knowledge. At the same time, due to the intellectual property protection of machining process, process knowledge cannot be freely shared among designers and manufacturing enterprises, which makes the process design system limited in knowledge that can be applied and difficult to break through and improve. To counter this problem, a blockchain-based NC machining process decision and transaction approach is proposed. First, the process knowledge repositories in the process design consortium are structurally characterized by the probability graph structure to support the automatic decision-making of process schemes; Then, process design requirements are transmitted to each process design node in the consortium through the blockchain; Then, according to the process design requirements, the process scheme is determined in each node with the process design capability of such parts through depth first search and probability calculation; Finally, the process schemes are fed back to the demander through the blockchain to achieve the purpose of transaction and knowledge protection. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the test of actual parts.

Forest Land Expectation Value or Maximum Sustained Yield? Resolving A Long-Standing Paradox

The Faustmann formula, equivalent to the land expectation value (LEV), yields the present value, starting with bare land, of an infinite series of future timber rotations for a stand. If this formula is used to find the rotation age that maximizes the present value, a lower annual harvest will result when compared to a maximum sustained yield (MSY) regime for an ownership with many stands. However, the LEV is strongly preferred by economists. This is the LEV vs. rents paradox. Herein, this paper demonstrates that an infinite series of annual harvests for an ownership under an even flow regime, discounted to the present using any interest rate, will provide the same optimal rotation age as the time of the peak MAI for a single stand, though with different estimates for the profitability, depending on the interest rate. Thus, rotations producing the MSY and the maximum financial return are identical when analyzed at the ownership scale but are not the same when based on the analysis at the stand scale using the Faustmann formula (LEV). This is the solution to the paradox. The formulas for internal rate of return (IRR) and the land valuation for transaction purposes are also presented.

Three liquid assets

AbstractWe examine a theoretical model of liquidity with three assets—money, government bonds, and equity—that are used for transaction purposes. Money and bonds complement each other in the payment system. The liquidity of equity is derived as an equilibrium outcome. Liquidity cycles arise from the loss of confidence of the traders in the liquidity of the system. Both open market operations and credit easing play a beneficial role for different purposes.

Effect of Electronic Marketing On Customers Satisfaction Among Deposit Money Banks in Ondo State, Nigeria

Electronic marketing (e-marketing) is one of the important tools of the 21st century that helps propel businesses greatly when properly used in the right dimension. Every business in the world now turns to e-marketing for more penetration into the market. Therefore, the banking sector is not excluded from doing this, as they use it to reach out to their customers and also for transactional purposes. The study examined the effect of electronic marketing on customer satisfaction among Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Ondo State, Nigeria. The study objectives was to assess the effect of online, mobile and email marketing on customers satisfaction in Ondo State. A research survey design was used to collect primary data with the help of a questionnaire. The sample size used for the study was 400 respondents selected in the major cities of Ondo State (Akure, Owo, Ikare-Akoko, Ondo, and Okitipupa). The method of data analysis was multiple regression and Analysis of Variance. The findings of the study revealed that there was a significant relationship between mobile marketing and customer satisfaction among DMBs in Ondo State as far as the issue of electronic marketing is concerned; there was also a positive relationship between online advertising and customer satisfaction among DMB customers in Ondo State; and there was a significant relationship between email marketing and customer satisfaction among Deposit Money Banks in Ondo State. Based on this study and the variables used, it was therefore concluded that electronic marketing improves customer satisfaction among the customers of DMBs in Ondo State. The study recommended that DMBs should continue to sensitize customers on the availability of their digital marketing platforms to increase patronage and satisfaction among their customers at all times, as this will improve their knowledge and satisfaction.

신협 조합원의 예금거래와 보통예탁금이 핵심예금에 미치는 영향

[Purpose] This study emphasized the importance of demand deposits, which are core deposits, to secure profitability of the credit union, and analyzed the effect on demand deposits when the first transaction purpose of the members is deposit transactions and the main transaction subject is ordinary deposits.
 [Methodology] As of the end of June 2021, this study presented the results of correlation analysis, average difference analysis, and multiple regression analysis targeting 7,707 members of 25 regional credit unions located in Gwangju and Jeollanam－do.
 [Findings] As a result of the empirical analysis, when the first transaction purpose was deposit transaction and the main transaction purpose was ordinary deposit, there was a significant positive correlation with the increase in demand deposits, and the group with the first transaction purpose was significantly higher. At last, multiple regression analysis showed when the first transaction purpose is deposit transaction and the main transaction purpose is ordinary deposit, it is a core deposit that is the basis for the profitability of the credit unions and has a positive effect on the average balance of demand deposits.
 [Implications] In terms of accounting, research on the determinants of profitability for credit unions was very poor. This study will have a contribution as an initial study to verify the effect of transaction purpose and transaction subject that can affect demand deposit, which is a core deposit, as the basis of credit union profitability.

Inside the Black Box: Tools for Understanding Cash Circulation

In this study, we assess the main drivers of banknote circulation in Italy over the last decades by using a number of econometric tools proposed in the literature. We explore the role played by the banknote flows from abroad, changes in the institutional framework and disentangle domestic demand for transaction purposes from other components, including liquidity hoarding. We find that changes in legal limits on cash payment and money holdings for precautionary reasons explain the bulk of cash dynamics. Moreover, the share of transaction demand declined over time becoming of second-order. Finally, we find that, during the pandemic from Covid-19, the exceptional raise in cash circulation was mostly the result of an increase in precautionary demand due to both economic uncertainty and restrictions to mobility that resulted into a marked decline of lodgments to the central bank.

The Behavior of Using Digital Money (E-Money) in the Millennial Generation Based on Islamic Perspective

OVO digital money is a means of payment in electronic form where the value of money is stored in certain electronic media. Users must first deposit their money to the publisher and store it in electronic media before using it for transaction purposes. Currently, there are two types of digital money in Indonesia, namely server-based digital money and chip-based digital money. This study aims to describe the behavior of using digital money in the millennial generation and its review based on Islamic perspective. This research is an observational study with a qualitative approach. Data were collected by interview, observation, and documentation methods. Data analysis was done descriptively. The results of the study show that forms of digital money transactions (OVO) are used as a means of payment for retail transactions, payments for online transportation orders and food orders, payments in e-commerce, and are used to pay bills such as purchasing credit or data packages. Muslim consumer behavior at IAIN Kediri students in using OVO is still in the reasonable stage and not excessive. In conclusion, IAIN Kediri students have shown the use of e-money based on Islamic perspective, namely shopping as a need, not as a desire, consuming halal goods, and not spending excessively.

Determinants of Mobile Commerce Adoption: A Study of University Students in Malaysia

Nowadays, mobile devices are important devices especially in business sectors and has led to the development of mobile commerce to engage in online transactions (Zheng, Men, Yang, & Gong, 2019). Mobile commerce has unique features compared to the e-commerce such as ubiquity, interactivity, localization services, and usage patterns (Wang, Ou, & Chen, 2019) In addition, M-commerce has important implications for service providers to construct effective services through key factors of m-commerce adoption in order to satisfy customers (Hsu & Yeh, 2018). According to Khalifa and Shen (2008), m-commerce covers a large number of services, including mobile financial services (m-banking, m-payment, and m-brokering), mobile shopping (m-retailing, m-ticketing, and m-auctions) and mobile entertainment (m-gaming, m-music, m-video, and m-betting). In Malaysia, m-commerce is still at the early stage and there is a limited number of studies on m-commerce in Malaysia (Krishna et al., 2017). Nevertheless, limited studies have scrutinized the relationship between university students and m-commerce applications, particularly in the aspect of transaction purposes. Keywords: M-commerce; Technology Acceptance Model; Individual-Collectivism at Individual level; Perceived Ease of Use; Perceived Usefulness

Global demand for basket-backed stablecoins

We construct a model where a basket-backed stablecoin – a currency backed by and pegged to a combination of sovereign currencies, such as Mark Carney's “synthetic hegemonic currency” or Facebook's proposal for Libra – is demanded for transaction purposes. In the model, demand for the basket derives from trade shocks which affect demand for the underlying sovereign currencies. Despite providing a justification for the basket, our model, in numerical simulations, predicts that overall demand for the basket will be low. This derives from a general-equilibrium effect of the basket currency: Demand for the basket creates pass-through demand for the underlying currencies that back it. This pass-through demand stabilizes the value of the currency for which the basket was meant to substitute, limiting demand for the basket. We calculate that this low demand from buyers would likely limit adoption by sellers. Further, we show that agents in the economy disagree about the optimal basket composition, but its welfare impacts are small.

Why do people avoid and postpone the use of voice assistants for transactional purposes? A perspective from decision avoidance theory

Consumers increasingly adopt artificial intelligence (AI) enabled voice assistants (VAs) for transactional and non-transactional uses due to these devices’ inherent affordances, such as their ease of use and convenience. Despite the widespread adoption of VAs in recent times, consumers continue to avoid using VAs for transactional purposes. Currently, we have a limited understanding of the various antecedents and consequences of consumer decision avoidance in the context of VAs. This study aims to bridge this gap by adopting the decision avoidance theory as a theoretical lens and a convergent mixed-methods approach to identify the antecedents (i.e. cognitive biases and nudging) and consequences (i.e. rejection of VAs for transactional purposes and intention to adopt VAs for transactional purposes) of consumer decision avoidance (i.e. consumer inertia and procrastination). The study findings suggest a positive association of cognitive biases with consumer inertia, procrastination and rejection. While nudging is positively associated with procrastination and intentions, it shares a negative association with rejection. Consumer inertia is positively associated with rejection and negatively associated with intentions. Meanwhile, procrastination shares a positive association with intention and a negative association with rejection. Technology comfort has a significant moderating (negative) influence on the association between cognitive biases and intentions.

Regulation as a pathway to individual adoption of cryptocurrency

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the antecedents of individuals’ behavioral intention to transact in blockchain cryptocurrency through the theoretical lens of the expanded theory of planned behavior (TPB).Design/methodology/approachThis study investigated the antecedents of a blockchain cryptocurrency adoption framework by adapting well-established items from the information systems (IS) and psychology literature to produce a survey instrument to measure individuals’ intention to engage in blockchain cryptocurrency transactions. The survey was administered to 492 individuals through Amazon Mechanical Turk.FindingsThis study resulted in a research model of an individual’s intention to transact with a blockchain cryptocurrency. Results indicated that the expanded TPB model explains 63.5% of the variance in intention to adopt cryptocurrency for transactional usage. In this study, all paths leading to behavioral intention were found to be significant in the hypothesized directions. In addition, all paths leading to attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control were found to be significant in the hypothesized directions.Originality/valueThis study furthers prior literature by empirically validating the expanded TPB in the context of individuals’ intention to use cryptocurrency for transactional purposes. This study can better inform practitioners on individual attitudes and behaviors toward transactional cryptocurrency use. The findings provide regulators meaningful insights toward the development of a regulatory framework which encourages innovation while safeguarding the interests of individual citizens.

Learning how to be a scyborg: how prefigurative organisations can promote capacity to decolonialise organisations

How can people acquire the capacity and community to potentially move institutions, such that they are change-promoting organisations? La paperson’s (2017) scyborg describes how within organisations, members can repurpose colonial practices for decolonised, transformative goals. My research suggests that prefigurative organisations can offer spill-over effects by strengthening the experiential organising repertoire and ties of scyborgs across organisations. Using my own experiences, I examine how my participant observations at a democratic independent school and its growing global network have informed my efforts to infuse conventional organisations, including my public university, with liberatory practices. Conventional organisations blur boundaries and thereby promote overwork, obscure work often performed by minoritised members and encourage networking for transactional purposes. In contrast, scyborgs’ transformative practices: (a) make invisible and usually devalued and extracted work visible; (b) encourage and support voice and member-led efforts; and (c) cultivate relations as avenues for mutual growth.

The ‘fintech revolution’ is here! The disruptive impact of fintech on retail financial practices

AbstractFintech is celebrated for its disruptive and democratizing qualities that dis/reintermediates the finance value chain. Claims of a ‘fintech revolution’ assume that fintech is ‘disruptive’ because of its innovative capabilities, but the extent to which these disruptive forces have reconfigured consumer financial knowledge and practices is not well understood. Using a questionnaire to survey retail consumers in Singapore on their use of fintech in performing different financial tasks, this article critically examines these claims of disruption and democratization by grounding them in the financial behaviors of consumers as informed by a financial ecologies approach. The results show a limited impact of fintech in shaping consumer financial behaviors. Respondents use fintech mainly for basic transactional purposes like making mobile payments and account management, but not so much for more complex matters like savings, investing and credit. The findings also reveal a ‘stickiness’ in financial behaviors that emphasizes the high touch points of human interaction. This study illustrates fintech's variegated material outcomes by highlighting the unevenness in consumption of digital financial services and the enduring importance of human relationality in financial decision making.

Public spending, monetary policy and macroeconomic instability

AbstractWe analyze sunspot‐driven fluctuations in a standard neoclassical growth model with money holdings and public spending. In our economy, money is needed for transaction purpose, while public spending is financed through a flat income tax. Public spending includes an incompressible component and a variable part, and the latter exerts positive externalities on private utility or production. Our theoretical results show that the composition of public spending and externalities have important effects on local stability properties. First, in the absence of externalities, there is a unique steady state, and local indeterminacy depends on the interplay between the share of the cash‐in‐advance constraint and the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of consumption. Second, in the presence of externalities, multiple equilibria might emerge under weak enough production externality, while uniqueness of the steady state prevails under strong production or under consumption externality. We further show that weak production/consumption externality or strong consumption externality could generate local (in)determinacy of the steady state depending on the share of the cash‐in‐advance constraint while strong production externality generates local determinacy of the steady state. Finally, based on numerical examples, we show that an increase in the variable public spending and the income tax rate exert a local stabilizing effect while externalities promote locally the likelihood of local indeterminacy.