Transaction Processing Research Articles

Igniting a knowledge renaissance: revolutionising entrepreneurial ecosystems with transactive memory systems

PurposePrior research has extensively explored the dynamics of knowledge creation and transfer within entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs). However, the research on knowledge integration within EEs, particularly by entrepreneurs, remains scant. Garnering and effectively using knowledge in such a dynamic and complex environment can provide entrepreneurs with a valuable asset for gaining a competitive advantage. To address this gap, this study aims to explore how entrepreneurs garner and capitalise on knowledge within the EE environment by using a transactive memory system lens.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on 26 semi-structured interviews with different actors and members of the same ecosystem – the northern Finnish health tech ecosystem. The data were analysed using the Gioia methodology.FindingsThis study results found that transactive memory processes (i.e. knowledge specialisation, credibility and coordination) and structures (i.e. differentiated-, shared- and meta-knowledge) influence knowledge organising in EEs.Originality/valueThis study provides a conceptual interplay between the EE and the transactive memory system’s processes and structures.

IMPACT OF ONLINE PAYMENT SYSTEMS ON CUSTOMER TRUST AND LOYALTY IN E-COMMERCE ANALYZING SECURITY AND CONVENIENCE

This study systematically reviews the impact of online payment systems on customer trust and loyalty in e-commerce, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. The findings highlight the critical importance of security, convenience, and transparency in shaping customer perceptions and behaviors. Secure payment systems, featuring robust encryption and multi-factor authentication, are essential in protecting sensitive information and mitigating fraud risks, thereby enhancing customer confidence. Convenience, characterized by user-friendly interfaces, multiple payment options, and quick transaction processes, significantly improves the overall shopping experience and fosters customer satisfaction. Transaction transparency, through clear communication about charges, detailed receipts, and real-time tracking, is pivotal in building and maintaining trust. The review underscores the strong relationship between trust and loyalty, revealing that secure, convenient, and transparent payment systems are vital for achieving long-term customer loyalty. E-commerce platforms that prioritize these aspects can significantly enhance customer trust and loyalty, ensuring sustained success in the competitive digital marketplace. The study provides valuable insights and practical recommendations for e-commerce businesses to optimize their online payment systems and build lasting customer relationships.

TAX COMPLIANCE CONTROL AND AUDIT OF TRANSFER PRICING TRANSACTIONS

The article presents the authors' vision of the features and mechanism of tax compliance control and audit in the management of transfer pricing operations. Effective interaction between business entities and tax authorities in the process of controlling and auditing transfer pricing transactions should be based on the principles of compliance with the help of two tools – assessment of the quality of transfer pricing policy and internal control system (as a result of interaction of internal and external control systems) and assessment of the quality and effectiveness of internal audit of transfer pricing (as a result of interaction of internal control and audit systems). In accordance with the above, tax compliance control and audit becomes a new element of the established system of monitoring of controlled transactions of a business entity, which proposed to understand as the use of tools to confirm the quality and effectiveness of internal control and audit systems of transfer pricing transactions of a business entity by a tax authority, which certifies the taxpayer's commitment and responsibility to comply with tax legislation in terms of compliance with the arm's length principle. Confirmation by the tax authorities of the quality of the transfer pricing policy and internal control and audit system of the entity should be based on the developed, tested and approved system of assessment parameters. Confirmation of the assessment of the quality of the transfer pricing policy and internal control system will demonstrate the responsible position of the taxpayer based on tax compliance with the transfer pricing legislation in accordance with the arm's length principle and will increase the level of trust in it on the part of the tax authorities. In turn, the introduction of such a tool as an internal transfer pricing audit quality assessment into the process of monitoring-controlled transactions will allow the company to submit and use the results of its internal audit in assessing transfer pricing risks to form its tax rating and assess the need to include it in the audit plan. This tool assumes that the internal audit system is sufficient to timely detect violations of tax legislation in the field of transfer pricing in accordance with the arm's length principle.

The Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Using Zerosicks in Indonesia Vocational Education

This study aims to determine (1) the implementation of occupational health and safety (OHS) using the Zerosicks method in vocational education and (2) the significant relationship between each aspect of the countenance stake evaluation model. The model consists of 3 stages: input (Antecedent), process (Transaction), and output. Then, the population in this study involved 727 students with a sample size of 258.03, and this research was conducted in April-June 2021 at the Prambanan Muhammadiyah Vocational High School. Furthermore, the data analysis techniques used were quantitative descriptive and SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). The study findings reveal that (1) the antecedent stage, encompassing environment, hazard, risk, knowledge, and standardization indicators, is evaluated as excellent by teachers and predominantly good by students. In the Transaction stage, focusing on risk management control, solution, implementation, and culture indicators, teachers rate it as good to perfect, while students generally rate it as very good to good. Moreover, the output stage, comprising control and OHS behavior awareness indicators, is deemed outstanding by both teachers and students. (2) The indicators of the model are valid and achievable following the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, and the structure of the theoretical model fulfils the Goodness of Fit criteria for empirical data because it has six criteria. Furthermore, an antecedent has a significant effect on Transaction and OHS Output, while a Transaction has a significant effect on OHS Output.

Commodity chain as a negotiated process: Empirical analysis of benefit allocation, governance, and powers of upstream and downstream actors in matsutake mushroom trade in Shangri-La, Yunnan Province

The commercialization of non-timber forest products beyond in-house consumption is a strategy for alleviating rural poverty and forest degradation. With the implementation of the ecological civilization program, the Chinese government has explored the value realization mechanism of sustainable ecological products, and many successful cases of agricultural product commercialization have emerged. Focusing on the matsutake of Shangri-La as an example, this study applies both qualitative and quantitative analysis of semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, secondary data collection, and statistical analysis for the dynamics of the matsutake commodity chain construction in the southwest plateau of China to obtain unique insights into contemporary rural China. Specifically, the interrelationships and functional logic of diverse participants in the core process of commodity management were analyzed. We found that the upstream and downstream participants in the matsutake commodity chain are subject to institutional constraints, such as land tenure and non-unified standards, and that markets are crucial to matsutake's trading in Shangri-La. Certain participants along the commodity chain have inefficient information sources, while middlemen have greater autonomy in the matsutake transaction process and a larger profit margin. Additionally, the involvement of the government and non-governmental organizations impacts the preservation of natural resources and the creation of a stable market order, but policies and funds tend to be short-lived. To improve the commodity chain sustainability of non-timber forest products in plateau areas, it is necessary to consider social and cultural factors, ensure the equity of different participants in the commodity chain, and protect traditional local knowledge related to natural resource management.

Efforts to Overcome Obstacles to Bailout Funds for KGPN Cooperative Customers in Medan Tembung District

This research aims to determine the factors that cause problematic credit at the KGPN Cooperative, Medan Tembung District. This research uses qualitative research with interview observation and documentation methods. The problems in this research are: 1. What causes Bad Credit in Cooperatives? 2. What are the Efforts to Pay Off Loans for Cooperative Members Who Bail Out Customers of the Medan Tembung District KGPN Cooperative? The effort to resolve the loan bailout from cooperative members which was bailed out by KGPN Cooperative customers in Medan Tembung District is to carry out good communication with customers. If you don't get results, you will contact someone close to the customer. Cooperatives are the implementation of chapter 33 of the Constitution as regulated in Law Number 25 of 1992 concerning Cooperatives. Cooperatives in Indonesia have a big influence on the survival of local residents. Moreover, in cooperatives there are several cooperative members and non-cooperative members who are not punctual in returning their debts at the predetermined time. Bad credit in savings and loan cooperatives has become a matter of great concern for the health of the cooperative itself. Bad debts in cooperatives are increasing over time and are difficult to collect. Gutter funds are widely used in the current transaction process. Such as implementing the pay late concept which uses bailout funds first. So that the main payment is made in accordance with the terms and policies of both parties. In other cases, bailout funds can be applied to various transaction areas, not only buying and selling transactions.

JURIDICAL REVIEW OF THE TRANSFER OF LAND OWNERSHIP RIGHTS THAT ARE TRADED BY PLOT IN SUMBAWA REGENCY

The research entitled "Juridical Review of Transfer of Land Ownership Rights in Kapling in Sumbawa Regency" aims to find out the process of transferring land ownership rights that are traded in kapling at the Sumbawa district land office, to find out the legal certainty of ownership of land plots that are traded in Sumbawa district. The approach methods in this research are Normative and Empirical, the normative approach is a document study, and Empirical research is one type of legal research that analyzes and examines the operation of law in society. The results of this study conclude that the registration of transfer of rights to land plots is held at the National Land Agency (BPN Sumbawa Regency) while the process of buying and selling land plots itself is held before a Notary / PPAT to obtain an authentic deed. and the process of transferring ownership rights to land plots that are traded, which includes using PPAT services, checking certificates to BPN, submitting proof of payment of SPPT PBB, submitting seller and buyer documents, signing the sale and purchase deed. The process of selling and buying before a Notary / PPAT is clear that there is legal security for the land plot being traded and gets legal protection in the event of a problem / dispute. Meanwhile, if the process of buying and selling land plots is carried out under the hand, then the lack of witnesses in the transaction process takes place because it is not through the presence of a Notary / PPAT.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Manajemen Penjualan Kopi Pada Coffee Shop Konamu Menggunakan Sistem Point Of Sale

The purpose of this research is to develop a coffee sales management information system at the KonamuCoffee Shop using a Point of Sale system to increase efficiency in sales management. The method used in thisstudy is the system development life cycle method, starting from system requirements analysis, system design,system implementation, to system testing. In the system requirements analysis stage, assistance is providedfor the problems faced by Konamu Coffee Shop in sales management. Furthermore, a system design is carriedout using the Point of Sale system to facilitate the transaction process and sales management. The result ofthis research is a coffee sales management information system that is integrated with the Point of Sale system.This system can assist Konamu Coffee Shop in managing sales transactions, as well as generating sales andfinancial reports. With this system, it is hoped that the Konamu Coffee Shop can increase efficiency inmanaging coffee sales.

Evaluation of the professional development stake model for geography teachers in Jambi city

The research aims to assess the Continuous Professional Development (CPD) of geography teachers, addressing: 1) the CPD profile at each level of the stake evaluation model and 2) recommendations based on the Minister of State Regulation Utilization of State Apparatus and Bureaucratic Reform Number 16 of 2009, regarding the Teacher's Functional Department and Credit Score Article 11, which mandates teachers to engage in self-development activities, scientific publications, and innovative works over the past 10 years (2012-2022). The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach utilizing the Stake Model Evaluation, covering the antecedent (planning), transaction (process), and outcomes (results) levels. Primary data collection involves questionnaires supplemented by observations, interviews, and documentation as needed. Data analysis utilizes a percentage approach at each level. Research respondents, selected through disproportionate Random Sampling, include 19 schools in Jambi City, comprising a total of 32 Geography Teachers. Data presentation follows a quantitative descriptive approach. The research findings indicate that: 1) the CPD profile of geography teachers at the antecedent (planning) level is in the good category (79%), the transaction (process) level is also in the good category (84%), while the outcomes (results) level is in the less category (13%). 2) Recommendations at the antecedent level include engaging in enrichment activities. Transaction-level recommendations suggest improving digital skills and supplementing infrastructure facilities with CPD-related books. Outcome-level recommendations propose that the Education Department implement continuous teacher construction. Schools are encouraged to manage teacher's academic qualifications. Geography teachers are urged to contribute to educational works.

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF SHARDING ON THE SCALABILITY AND EFFICIENCY OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE CREATION OF INFORMATION-ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF EMISSIONS INTO THE ENVIRONMENT

This study examines the impact of sharding on the scalability and efficiency of blockchain systems, specifically in the development of a complex of intelligent information and communication systems for environmental monitoring of emissions into the environment for decision-making in the context of carbon neutrality. Utilizing the Ikarus Network infrastructure, sharding was implemented on masternodes as a key technology to optimize transaction processing. Sharding enables the blockchain to be divided into multiple parallel chains, significantly increasing throughput and reducing the load on individual nodes. The results demonstrate a 70% increase in transaction processing speed, allowing the system to handle up to 5000 transactions per second, compared to the previous 3000 transactions per second. Network throughput increased by 50%, ensuring more efficient load distribution and stable operation even with high data volumes. Statistical analysis using ANOVA confirmed significant improvements in transaction processing speed, confirmation time, and resource usage post-sharding implementation. The F-value for transaction processing speed was 4567 with a P-value of 0.0001, indicating substantial improvements. Visual data analysis further confirmed these results, showing noticeable performance enhancements in the blockchain system. Distribution charts and histograms of transaction processing speed and confirmation time revealed an increase in the average number of transactions per second and greater system stability post-sharding. Sharding not only increased throughput but also enhanced system security by decentralizing data among shards, complicating potential cyberattacks. The study aimed to determine how sharding can improve the scalability and efficiency of blockchain systems. These improvements position the Ikarus Network as a promising solution for scalable and secure blockchain-based applications, especially for tasks related to carbon emission monitoring and management. These findings can underpin further study and the development of more efficient blockchain technologies.

TAHAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN DALAM URUSAN JUAL BELI SECARA DALAM TALIAN MELALUI PLATFORM E-DAGANG

Customer satisfaction in online shopping refers to the satisfaction of buyers through their experience in making transactions through the e-commerce platform. E-commerce is short for " electronic commerce, " which refers to the process of trading or commercial transactions carried out electronically through the internet or computer network. This study aims to analyze the level of customer satisfaction in online purchases through e-commerce platforms. Qualitative methods are utilized in analyzing the data to identify e-commerce platforms and levels that influence customer satisfaction in the context of online purchases. The main problems identified in the business of buying and selling Online (E-Commerce) is the emergence of doubts on the part of the seller and the buyer due to not fulfilling the perfect purchase and sale rules. Buying and selling in e-commerce platforms also often causes concern or doubt to users because not all transactions meet the perfect standards or principles of buying and selling according to certain religious teachings or laws. This study found that the level of customer satisfaction showed a percentage of 67.7% strongly agreed and satisfied with the purchase transaction through the e-commerce platform. This shows that the level of customer satisfaction with online services is good. A good understanding and expectations of customers can also be fostered through their experience when dealing with buying and selling using an e-commerce platform. Practical implications for customer satisfaction in online business are also discussed. Therefore, virtual buyers can take advantage of the results of this study as a guide in purchasing online through e-commerce platforms.

Evaluation of the learning implementation of technopreneur profile elements in the subject of fundamentals of fashion skills based on the independent curriculum in Vocational High Schools

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of technopreneur profile element learning in the primary subject of fashion skills based on the independent curriculum at SMK Negeri 1 Wonosari and SMK Negeri 6 Yogyakarta in terms of planning (antecedent), process (transaction), results (output). This research is evaluation research using the Countenance evaluation model of Stake. The study population consisted of 2 teachers and 180 students in phase E of Fashion Design at SMK Negeri 1 Wonosari and SMK Negeri 6 Yogyakarta. Data collection techniques used are documentation and questionnaires. The results showed that: (1) The antecedent aspect of the implementation of technopreneur profile element learning at SMK is in the very good category (100%), planning the flow of learning objectives (ATP) shows the very good category (100%), as well as planning the teaching module shows a very good category (100%); (2) The transaction aspect of the technopreneur profile element of learning at SMK is in a good category (70%), the implementation of learning shows the good category (63%), and the learning assessment shows the good category (43%); (3) The output aspects of the technopreneur profile element of learning at SMK found that students from both schools succeeded in achieving the minimum completeness criteria with a percentage of 100%. Achievement of the learning objectives of the technopreneur profile at SMK Negeri 1 Wonosari SMK Negeri 6 Yogyakarta was measured by test and non-test assessments.

A Study on the Forecasting of Real Estate Market Using Algorithms

Technology using algorithms has an impact on various aspects of the real estate market, such as real estate market price prediction, investment recommendation, and rent setting. First, it was confirmed that by improving the accuracy of real estate price prediction, real estate market price prediction using AI algorithm can derive more accurate results through machine learning and deep learning technologies based on past data. In addition, it is the development of an investment recommendation system. The investment recommendation system using AI can promote efficient fund management by discovering promising investment opportunities in the real estate market and proposing them to investors. The next is the optimization of lease on a deposit basis, monthly rent, and rent setting. The rent setting model using AI technology can set the rent appropriately through negotiations between real estate owners and tenants in consideration of market trends, demand, and predictions by region. Finally, it is the automation and efficiency of the real estate transaction process system. Smart contracts and automation systems using AI can save money and time between transaction parties by simplifying and streamlining the real estate transaction process. However, problems with data security and privacy protection are emerging as new challenges. New security and privacy problems arise in dealing with personal information, transactions, and data, and appropriate responses to them are urgent.

The Influence of Pricing Rate and Credit Procedures on Home Purchase Decisions with Purchase Intention as a Mediating Variable (Case Study of Pt. Bank Cimb Niaga Bogor Branch)

This study investigates the impact of pricing rates and credit procedures on home purchase decisions, focusing on PT Bank CIMB Niaga Bogor Branch, with purchase intention serving as a mediating variable. Through empirical analysis and discussion, several key findings emerge. Firstly, pricing rates significantly influence home purchase decisions, indicating that competitive pricing strategies attract potential buyers. Secondly, efficient credit procedures positively affect purchase decisions by facilitating smoother transaction processes for consumers. Additionally, both pricing rates and credit procedures independently contribute to enhancing purchase intention among buyers. Importantly, purchase intention plays a critical role as it mediates the relationship between pricing rates, credit procedures, and final purchase decisions. These findings underscore the interconnectedness of pricing strategies, credit facilitation, purchase intention, and actual purchase behavior in the housing finance sector, providing valuable insights for strategic decision-making in banking institutions.

Cryptocurrency Investment in Indonesia

Objective - Different countries have different policies towards cryptocurrencies. In Indonesia, cryptocurrency is prohibited as a means of payment or transaction. The prohibition is stated in Bank Indonesia Regulation (PBI) Number 18/40/PBI/2016 concerning the Implementation of Payment Transaction Processing. However, cryptocurrencies are recognized as long-term commodities or investment assets, so their supervision is carried out by the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency (bappepti) and regulated in Bappebti Regulation No. 7 of 2020 concerning the Determination of the List of Crypto Assets that Can be Traded on the Crypto Asset Physical Market. This study aims to analyze the differences in return and risk on the 5 cryptocurrencies with the largest market capitalization in Indonesia. Methodology/Technique - This research uses quantitative methods with a descriptive approach, and secondary data is used. The population in this study consisted of 383 cryptocurrencies that were legal and registered with Bappepti from 2020 to 2022. The sample was determined using purposive sampling to determine the top 5 cryptocurrencies with the largest market capitalization during the observation period from January 2020 to September 2022. The data analysis technique used the Kruskal-Wallis test. Findings - The results showed no significant differences in return and risk between Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether, BNB, and USD coins. Empirically, this study proves that each cryptocurrency has the same risk and return. Novelty - This research was conducted in Indonesia with regulations that may differ from other countries towards cryptocurrencies. As a long-term commodity investment asset, this study finds empirical evidence that each cryptocurrency has the same risk and return. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: G11; G18; G28 Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Investment; Return; Risk; Bappepti Reference to this paper should be referred to as follows: Dewi, D.M; Faizal, I; Sambe, T.A. (2024). Cryptocurrency Investment in Indonesia, Acc. Fin. Review, 9(1), 32 – 41. https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2024.9.1(1)

Sistem Informasi Point of Sales Berbasis Web di Perusahaan Bangunan Andalas Jaya

Andalas Jaya building company is engaged in the sale of building goods or materials and transactions carried out every day are quite large, in their activities of course they require an accurate information system to make it easier to make sales transactions and record stock of goods. Making this sales and purchase information system using the Visual Studio Code program and for the database using MySQL. Researchers consider that operational activities at the Andalas Jaya Building Company are still carried out manually. Therefore, the researcher will design a Point of Sales website system to help Andalas Jaya Building Company by conducting qualitative research to get conclusions from the required sales website system. In realizing the creation of a good Point of Sales system website, researchers took the first steps such as making a system design consisting of architectural design, use case diagrams, activity diagrams, entity relationship diagrams, interface designs, website menu structures, and system implementation. With the creation of a Point of Sales website at the Andalas Jaya Building Company, it is hoped that it can help the business transaction process become more effective and efficient for further researchers to add different features.

Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Peminjaman dan Pengembalian Buku Berbasis Website Interaktif

Library SMA Negeri 1 Mlati still not accurate in data maintenance, so that impact on often happened mistake or not discipline in delay of return of book. In addition to obtaining information relating to the collection of books takes a long time. So that the System will run the System that can help librarians SMA Negeri 1 Mlati in the process of management of computerized data administration and System that can provide information to the librarian of SMA Negeri 1 Mlati for borrowers who have not returned the book. The purpose to facilitate officers in processing transactions and maintain data collection of books on the Library SMA Negeri 1 Mlati. The system development method used is the Prototype methodology which includes the identification of user needs, prototype creation, prototype testing, and prototype improvement. For data collection method using observation and interview method. For system model used is Context Diagram, Data Flow Diagram (DFD) and Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). The software for the design and implementation of the program using Apache as a web server, mySQL as a database server, Sublime Text 3 as a writing editor programming language PHP and HTML. Results or output to be achieved that is generated library system that can handle data administration, data maintenance, and information borrower books on the library. The final stage is to implement an information system that includes the implementation of software, hardware, database and interface of the resulting system.

Sistem Informasi Penjualan Seprai Pada Toko Salsabila Seprai

Technological developments are needed in carrying out various sales activities. Currently, it has become a necessity that information technology can provide convenience in finding the desired information. Toko Salsabila Seprai started running its business through the Instagram platform but there were various problems such as the lack of monitoring of the transaction process and transaction reports which were still done manually because the sales system was not integrated. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop a website-based sales information system using the SDLC method. This system is used by the Salsabila Store as a media for sales and transaction data management. The design of this sales information system uses a structured method. Website implementation is made using the HTML, PHP and MySQL programming languages and using the Bootstrap framework so that the web appearance becomes responsive and attractive. The results obtained are a website-based bed sheet sales information system application that is equipped with main page menu features, login, customer registration, shopping cart, purchases, payments, sales reports and admin pages for data management. Based on the test results using the blackbox method, these features can function properly and are valid.

Edukasi Pencegahan Dampak Negatif Pinjaman Online Ilegal Terhadap Pelaku UMKM Kecamatan Pekalongan Timur, Kota Pekalongan

Technological advances in the financial sector are growing rapidly. Technological innovation brings a more practical financial transaction process, one of which is applied to online loans. The implementation of Community Service activities (PkM) is motivated by the rampant illegal online loans offered to the public but not balanced with public knowledge of the online loans themselves. This has caused some MSME players to be trapped in online loan problems. The purpose of the PkM activity is to provide education to the community about digital finance which focuses on online lending material. The implementation of the PkM activity was carried out directly on May 22, 2023 at the culinary market of East Pekalongan District, Pekalongan City. The results of this PkM activity explain that understanding literacy around digital finance, especially on online loans, is very useful for MSME players. This can be seen from the results This service activity has increased participants' awareness of the importance of understanding the legality and risks of online loan fintech.

Cultural and Religious Equity and Disparity in the Group Climate Experience of Moroccan Girls in Dutch Residential Youth Care Settings.

The group climate within residential youth care institutions is considered a transactional process, both within a group of youth from various cultural backgrounds and between them and their group workers. The ongoing interaction between the cultural characteristics of these girls may influence the quality of the group climate. This study aimed to provide an in-depth account of the living group climate experiences and perceptions of Dutch girls with a Moroccan cultural background in Dutch residential groups. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed to explore the girls' group climate experiences. Three major themes emerged, namely (a) level of involvement of Moroccan girls in their living group, (b) perceptions of Moroccan girls' sense of belonging in a living group, and (c) cultural and religious equality or disparity results in two interaction patterns. The findings revealed that equality or disparity in language, culture, and religion affect Moroccan girls' experiences and perceptions of the living group climate. A crucial finding was that cultural and religious disparity leads to interaction patterns wherein the girls pre-emptively exclude themselves from receiving support from native group workers. Professionals must be aware of the cultural and religious dynamics, including the interplay and impact of cultural and religious equality and disparity, influencing Moroccan girls' group climate experiences.