Component Of Transactions Research Articles

THE PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF THE QUALIFICATION OF COMPLEX CONCEPTS

This article examines the problematic aspects of the qualification of legal categories involved in the formation of the rules of contractual succession and, accordingly, determining the essential components of transactions of this legal institution.Also this article analyzes collision links that determine the models of legal regulation in situations determined by donation and donation in case of death conflict factors. Donation in transactions and contracts, provided by contractual succession is involved as a legal basis, in special cases determining subject and object status of the participants in a particular relationship. Also, donation is involved in the formation of the will of the participants.Article considered issues related to the qualification of concepts in accordance with the factor determining the right to establish succession contracts and the right of the place of execution of these contracts.

Social norms that sustain transactional sex and associations with sexual health outcomes: A mixed-methods study in the Comarca Ngäbe-Buglé, a rural-Indigenous region of Panama.

The Comarca Ngäbe-Buglé (CNB), home to >200,000 Indigenous people, is one of the poorest regions in Panama. We describe transactional sex (TS) behaviours, normative beliefs and factors associated with TS among Indigenous adolescents(14-19years) in the CNB. We conducted a mixed-methods study in the CNB between January and November 2018, which included a qualitative study with participant observation and semi-structured interviews that focused on descriptive norms related to TS; and a cross-sectional study among public-school-going adolescents using self-administered questionnaire to report sexual behaviour and injunctive norms related to TS. Participants in the epidemiological study were also asked to submit samples for HIV, syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhoea testing. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to organise and analyse field notes and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative analysis included four models: TS experience and acceptance of a TS offer and the associations of these outcome variables with demographic and behavioural variables and HIV/STI infections. In the qualitative study among 20 adolescents, we found that people offering TS were reported to be from within and outside of the community, and included older men and women, and disturbingly, teachers. Participants reported feeling individual and collective agency in the decision to engage in TS and described little social sanctions for participation. In the quantitative study among 700 adolescents(309 girls[45.1%],379 boys[54.9%]), we found that girls(18.8%;58/309) and boys(15.5%;58/379) reported similar levels of having been offered TS, and of acceptance among those offered(girls 81.4% [35/43]; boys 77.8% [35/45]). TS was found to be associated with the reported forced sex and HIV/syphilis seropositivity. Due to widespread acceptance and feelings of agency, interventions would not be effective if they focused on eliminating the transactional component of sexual encounters. Instead, interventions should focus on individual and household economic stability, increasing violence reporting, bringing perpetrators to justice, and adopting condom use during all sexual encounters.

Hardiness, leadership style and gender as predictors of leader performance in military academy cadets.

The U.S. Military Academy at West Point is widely considered the premier leader development institution in the United States. Since first admitting women in 1976, few studies have examined factors that may influence female cadets to perform as leaders in this environment. The present study analyzed archival data collected during a unique longitudinal study of leader development conducted at West Point during the years 1993-2000, the Baseline Officer Leader Development Study (BOLDS). Personality hardiness, transformational and transactional leadership styles were evaluated as potential predictors of performance as leaders, according to supervisor ratings. Regression results showed that female cadets excel as leaders, outperforming male cadets as a group. Hardiness and transformational leadership style predicted leader performance for both male and female cadets. Additional analyses indicated it is the transformational leadership element of "charismatic" (or idealized influence) leadership that accounts for this finding. The transactional component "management by exception-active" also predicted leader performance, but for male cadets only. This study confirms that hardiness and charismatic leadership style are important for leadership performance of both male and female cadets. For male cadets, leader performance was also tied to actively identifying and addressing failures in subordinates. Leader development programs for both men and women may thus be enhanced by including programs to develop personality hardiness and transformational leadership qualities.

German Trade Tax Structuring for Renewable Energy Components of Real Estate Transactions

In this article, the authors outline the relevant aspects of trade tax in connection with green energy components of real estate transactions and then describe some improvements that have recently been introduced by the German legislator in order to make the use of renewable energy components more attractive.

An analytical analysis of Alphabet and Google platform business models

Over the years, due to the emergence of internet and big data, there is an immediate evolution of competitive business models and new strategies. A business model can be defined as an architectural arrangement of the components of profitable transactions developed to explore businesses’ prospects. Previously, companies were operating on a basic pipeline structure where producers puked out products from one end to another end to consumers. Since the advent of technology businesses working on platforms have managed to improve their revenue modeling, their brick and mortar working patterns have been reconsidered. Google being one of the quintessential platforms has come through over the time improving their business modeling and keeping in pace with the technology and strategizing itself and being one of the most successful platform models in value creation. This paper discusses how Google has explored its business model technology into value creation for its company.

The Questions of Transaction-Contract Approach Application to Economic Institutions Assessment

The article is devoted to the opportunities of author’s transaction-contract approach application. The approach assumes that direct assessment can be done by structural elements with transformation of individual efforts of economic agents in collective efforts based on change of transactions and transformations in contract as an institutional agreement. In contract relations economic agents make efforts (in contract theory terminology) for product transformation as well as transaction efforts, which in series replaces each other. All the efforts can be assessed by costs and benefits, which economic agents gain as a result of economic relations. In the article it is discussed the questions of theoretical and practical application of transaction-contract approach to analysis of different economic spheres. Economic spheres can be divided based on the proportions of transaction and transformation on every stage of production process. The author refers to transaction sphere production processes in which the share of transaction efforts exceeds the share of transformation efforts. It means that the growth of total product is largely due to the transactional component. The author discusses the possibilities of using the approach to the research of transactional and transformational types of the production process, where, as an example, are given, among other questions, the possibilities of analysis of merit goods production, as well as examples of research and modeling of opportunistic behavior at the intra-company level.

C4: verified transactional objects

Transactional objects combine the performance of classical concurrent objects with the high-level programmability of transactional memory. However, verifying the correctness of transactional objects is tricky, requiring reasoning simultaneously about classical concurrent objects, which guarantee the atomicity of individual methods—the property known as linearizability—and about software-transactional-memory libraries, which guarantee the atomicity of user-defined sequences of method calls—or serializability. We present a formal-verification framework called C4, built up from the familiar notion of linearizability and its compositional properties, that allows proof of both kinds of libraries, along with composition of theorems from both styles to prove correctness of applications or further libraries. We apply the framework in a significant case study, verifying a transactional set object built out of both classical and transactional components following the technique of transactional predication ; the proof is modular, reasoning separately about the transactional and nontransactional parts of the implementation. Central to our approach is the use of syntactic transformers on interaction trees —i.e., transactional libraries that transform client code to enforce particular synchronization disciplines. Our framework and case studies are mechanized in Coq.

EVALUASI PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PROFESIONALISME GURU GEOGRAFI SMA MELALUI MUSYAWARAH GURU MATA PELAJARAN

EVALUATION OF PROFESSIONALISM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM FOR HIGH SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY TEACHERS THROUGH THE SUBJECT TEACHER MANAGEMENT (MGMP) IN BOGOR CITY (Stake Countenance Model Program Evaluation)This study aimed to determine the process of professionalism improvement program on geography teachers through The Subject Teacher Management (MGMP) in Bogor City by using the evaluation of the stake countanance model program. This program evaluation research focused on three components, namely the Antecedent, Transaction, and Outcomes components. The research method was a qualitative program evaluation. Data collection was done by interview, observation and documentation. Based on the results of the research obtained on the evaluation of the antecedent components, from the eight aspects studied namely: needs analysis (needs assessment), formulation of program goals, objectives and policies, legality of program implementation, human resources (HR), facilities and infrastructure, budget /finance, it was indicated that the aspect of facilities and infrastructure must be improved. The availability of facilities and infrastructure for the needs of the teacher professionalism improvement program has not been able to fully support the implementation of the program, while the other seven aspects can be continued in accordance. In the transaction component, there were five aspects studied, such as activity procedures, program scheduling, program implementation, supports from school principal on program implementation, as well as monitoring and evaluation. In the transaction component, there were three aspects must be improved; activity procedures, program scheduling, and program implementation, while the other two aspects can be continued. The outcomes component examined one aspect as the results of program implementation. The aspect of the program implementation result has been in accordance with the standard, namely the professionalism increase of geography teachers.

Evaluation of Rowing Sport Coaching Program in PODSI Barito Kuala Regency

The research objective was to determine whether the coaching program at PODSI Barito Kuala Regency was effective and following what was made in the coaching program. This type of research is an evaluation of the Countenance Stake model. Data collection was done by filling out questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the research with the evaluation of the Contenance Stake model from filling out the questionnaire showed that the antecedent component was obtained in the medium category, the transaction component was in the medium category, and the outcome component was in the moderate category, the results of interviews, observation and documentation of PODSI Barito Kuala Regency, in collaboration with the Provincial Dispora and Kemenpora in the form of PPLP and PPLPD, do not have a licensed rowing coaching coach, do not have a licensed referee, the facilities are still lacking. The program research recommendation is continued to need to increase the capacity of coaches, referees and improve facilities, infrastructure and special canals for rowing so that they become a medium for recreation for athletes and the implementation of rowing championships in the Barito Kuala district.

TRANSACTION COSTS OF A BUSINESS ENTITY: ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT

Background. Each entity in the course of business has transaction costs (TC) that directly or indirectly affect financial and economic position of an entity. The volume of TC is constantly growing, so we should take them into account in making management decisions, to ensure their monitoring, separate accounting and to record in the books of the entity. Analysis of recent research and publications has shown that there is a large num­ber of scientific achievements of foreign and domestic scientists, but significant number of issues connected with the importance of reflecting information on transaction costs in accounting and reporting remains unresolved and therefore requires further research. The aim of the article is to identify the features of the disclosure of transaction costs in accounting of the entity, which are related to the formal principles and standards of its management and the operation of informal institutions that influence management decisions. Materials and methods. Methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, associations and analogies, empirical were used in the research. The works and the appro­aches of domestic and foreign authors were studied, systematized, detailed and specified. Results. Transaction costs are increasing and are defined by the researchers and experts as the important element that restrains economic growth in the realities of eco­nomic development in Ukraine. According to the formal rules, the object of accounting is only those transaction costs that are the result of business operations of the entity, recorded in the primary documents and the implementation of which does not contradict national laws. The evidence from practice shows that the methodology of accounting cost provides information about a significant amount of transaction costs that can be identified and measured by the accounting method elements. However, the costs grouping by financial statement items without taking into account the impact of the transactional component does not provide full disclosure in the financial statements of information summarized in the accounting. Conclusion. Transaction costs, as a category of neo-institutionalism, should be con­sidered through the tasks set by the relevant social institutions. Formal tools for the formation of information about the objects of accounting under the conditions of today can be the accounting policy of the business entity and the professional accountant’s judgment. The provision of information systems and Internet technologies leads to the auto­matic reduction of TC.

What Influences the Perceived Trust of a Voice-Enabled Smart Home System: An Empirical Study.

Contemporarily, almost all the global IT giants have aimed at the smart home industry and made an active strategic business layout. As the early-stage and entry-level product of the voice-enabled smart home industry, the smart speakers have been going through rapid development and rising fierce market competition globally in recent years. China, one of the most populous and largest markets in the world, has tremendous business potential in the smart home industry. The market sales of smart speakers in China have gone through rapid growth in the past three years. However, the market penetration rate of related smart home devices and equipment still stays extremely low and far from mass adoption. Moreover, the market sales of smart speakers have also entered a significant slowdown and adjustment period since 2020. Chinese consumers have moved from early impulsive consumption to a rational consumption phase about this early-stage smart home product. Trust in the marketing field is considered an indispensable component of all business transactions, which plays a crucial role in adopting new technologies. This study explores the influencing factors of Chinese users’ perceived trust in the voice-enabled smart home systems, uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the interaction mechanism between different variables, and establishes a perceived trust model through 475 valid samples. The model includes six variables: system quality, familiarity, subjective norm, technology optimism, perceived enjoyment, and perceived trust. The result shows that system quality is the essential influence factor that impacts all other variables and could significantly affect the perceived trust. Perceived enjoyment is the most direct influence variable affected by system quality, subjective norm, and technology optimism, and it positively affects the perceived trust in the end. The subjective norm is one of the most distinguishing variables for Chinese users, since China has a collectivist consumption culture. People always expect their behavior to meet social expectations and standards to avoid criticism and acquire social integration. Therefore, policy guidance, authoritative opinions, and people with important reference roles will significantly affect consumers’ perceived trust and purchase intention. Familiarity and technology optimism are important influential factors that will have an indirect impact on the perceived trust. The related results of this study can help designers, practitioners, and researchers of the smart home industry produce products and services with higher perceived trust to improve consumers’ adoption and acceptance so that the market penetration rate of related products and enterprises could be increased, and the maturity and development of the voice-enabled smart home industry could be promoted.

Challenging or hindering? The roles of goal orientation and cognitive appraisal in stressor‐performance relationships

SummaryStress transactions are influenced by the properties of the stressful situation and those of the individual. Much research has focused on the differential effects of challenge and hindrance stressors on job performance, but few studies have explored individual differences in the cognitive appraisal of stressors, which is the central component of stress transactions. Therefore, the present study examined the moderating effect of employee goal orientation (i.e., learning, performance prove, and performance avoidance goal orientation) on stressor‐appraisal relationships and tested whether goal orientation further moderates the indirect relationships of stressors with job performance via appraisals. We tested the hypothesized model at both between‐ and within‐person levels and obtained convergent results across two studies with multisourced data. Goal orientation was found to be an important boundary condition of the stressor‐appraisal relationships. Specifically, the challenge stressor‐challenge appraisal relationship was strengthened by learning goal orientation and performance‐prove goal orientation. The hindrance stressor‐hindrance appraisal relationship was strengthened by performance‐prove goal orientation and performance‐avoidance goal orientation, but weakened by learning goal orientation. On this basis, employee goal orientation also moderated indirect relationships between stressors and task performance/work proactivity via appraisals. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.

Secure and Efficient Multi-Signature Schemes for Fabric: An Enterprise Blockchain Platform

Digital signature is a major component of transactions on Blockchain platforms, especially in enterprise Blockchain platforms, where multiple signatures from a set of peers need to be produced to endorse a transaction. However, such process is often complex and time-consuming. Multi-signature, which can improve transaction efficiency by having a set of signers cooperate to produce a joint signature, has attracted extensive attentions. In this work, we propose two multi-signature schemes, GMS and AGMS, which are proved to be more secure and efficient than state-of-the-art multi-signature schemes. Besides, we implement the proposed schemes in a real Enterprise Blockchain platform, Fabric. Experiment results show that the proposed AGMS scheme helps achieve the goal of high transaction efficiency, low storage complexity, as well as high robustness against rogue-key attacks and $k$ -sum problem attacks.

Desarrollo de una aplicación móvil utilizando el framework MEAN Stack e IONIC: Un estudio de caso en una compañía de transporte

La utilización de aplicaciones móviles se ha convertido en un componente relevante transaccional dentro de una organización. Por tal motivo, se desarrolló un sistema móvil informativo para la gestión de rutas dentro de la compañía de transporte pesado Torres Revelo S.A, basado en la metodología ágil de desarrollo SCRUM y el framework MEAN Stack e Ionic basados en JavaScript. En este proyecto, se sometió a una prueba de usabilidad en función a la norma ISO/IEC 25010, tomando como referencias la inteligibilidad, aprendizaje, operabilidad, protección frente a errores de usuario, estética y accesibilidad. Se utilizó un cuestionario de 26 preguntas con el uso del método de Nielsen, aplicando a un total de 73 usuarios en todo el proceso del desarrollo de la aplicación, basado en prototipos. Al tabular los resultados obtenidos, se aplicó la prueba de chi cuadrado para determinar que la aplicación móvil y web es fácil de usar, aprender y permite al usuario realizar la trazabilidad de la ruta más corta. Estos procesos permiten tener una mejor gestión de la información dentro de la compañía.

The impact of demonetisation on the utilisation of hospital services, patient outcomes and finances: a multicentre observational study from India

BackgroundThis study assessed trends in healthcare utilisation in relation to the implementation of an economic policy in India wherein 500 and 1000 rupee notes were demonetised.MethodsIn this ambidirectional observational study...

Managerial implications for construction practices as a consequence of using a psychological contract of safety

PurposeDespite many studies that aim to argue, develop and position the concept of psychological contracts, few have explored how a psychological contract may be applied to safety in the construction industry. A psychological contract of safety (PCS) describes an individual's conceptualized belief that relates to mutual safety obligations, drawn from explicit or implicit promises of associated workers or its supervisor. This study investigates safety practices on construction sites through the lens of the widely applied and researched psychological contract theory emanating from a business paradigm.Design/methodology/approachThe process of validating a PCS scale within the construction industry required the collection of data from a mega-construction project in Sydney, Australia. A quantitative methodology was used to collect data from 352 construction workers through a survey instrument designed to reveal their perception of procedures, policies and practices. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to ensure data reliability and data validity of the survey findings together with goodness of fit of PCS model.FindingsThe findings showed the presence of a PCS in a construction safety setting examined. A two-factor model underlying aspects, namely employer and employee obligations was recommended since the four-factor model, including relational and transactional components of both parties' safety obligations, could not be validated due to the discriminant validity associated with the particular constructs.Originality/valueConceptualizing the extant PC theory as a framework from which to leverage safety management initiatives brings a new approach to construction safety studies, revealing the influential role of supervisors in interpreting safety practices. The research aimed to identify safety obligations, which are influential in the development of PSC scale, further the research provides an explanation as to how a PCS may be contextualized in the construction industry.

Self-perception of leadership style of dentists: heads of dental departments in community hospitals, Southern Thailand

Leadership is crucial in all professions and organisations, including the oral health profession. The aims of this analytical cross-sectional study were to evaluate the self-reported leadership behaviours and the factors influencing leadership behaviours among dentists who were heads of dental departments in community hospitals, southern Thailand. The self-administered questionnaire was composed of four parts: personal data; a 45-item Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire version 5× short (MLQ 5× short); a 34-item organisational climate perception; and a 52-item emotional intelligence screening test. Of 134 dentists, 133 returned the questionnaire, providing a 99.3% response rate. The scores on the transactional component had a mean score of 2.98 (SD=0.46). The transformational scores ranged with a mean of 2.90 (SD=0.49). The scores of the passive leadership component had the lowest results, with a mean of 1.21 (SD=0.57). Afterwards, the highest score for each head of the dental department was examined and compared across the three components. Approximately 60% of the dentists fell on the transactional, 34.6% on the transformational and 2.3% on the passive-avoidant scale. Multiple linear regression showed that the factors influencing the leadership of the dentists included emotional intelligence, the professional position of the dentists and the perception of the organisational climate. The majority of heads of dental departments had transactional leadership style followed by transformational leadership style, and passive-avoidance was the least common. Emotional intelligence, the professional position and the perception of the organisational climate significantly increased the transformational leadership score.

Mathematics remedial teaching under model of countenance stake for a senior high school in Bandung

Remedial teaching plays an important role in the whole teaching program. Through remedial teaching, the teacher tries to provide students with the opportunity to create their mathematical abilities optimally. This study aims to describe the implementation of remedial teaching based on antecedents, transactions, and outcome components. Using the countenance stake model, the subjects in this study were a mathematics teacher who conducted the remedial teaching and students who taken the remedial teaching. The data were collected using interviews and documentation. The results of the study shows that the antecedents’ component of remedial teaching was not well-planned. Based on the transaction component, the remedial teaching was not well implemented. Based on the outcome component, the remedial teaching did not achieve good results.

Credit Card Fraud Detection using Data mining and Statistical Methods

Due to today’s advancement in technology and businesses, fraud detection has become a critical component of financial transactions. Considering vast amounts of data in large datasets, it becomes more difficult to detect fraud transactions manually. In this research, we propose a combined method using both data mining and statistical tasks, utilizing feature selection, resampling and cost-sensitive learning for credit card fraud detection. In the first step, useful features are identified using genetic algorithm. Next, the optimal resampling strategy is determined based on the design of experiments (DOE) and response surface methodologies. Finally, the cost sensitive C4.5 algorithm is used as the base learner in the Adaboost algorithm. Using a real-time data set, results show that applying the proposed method significantly reduces the misclassification cost by at least 14% compared with Decision tree, Naive bayes, Bayesian Network, Neural network and Artificial immune system.

ФІНАНСОВІ ІНКЛЮЗІЇ У БАНКІВСЬКІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ

Банківський сектор завжди був на передовій технологічних змін. Наразі банки переживають один з найбільш масштабних етапів еволюції, що зазначає більшість сучасних науковців і практиків. Банки перестають бути тим місцем, куди клієнти приходять за грошима, перетворюючись на сервісні центри необхідних фінансових послуг. У банківському середовищі визначають не тільки рівень наданих послуг, а й рівень розробки технологій, які збільшують ступінь участі суспільства в цілому, кожного громадянина зокрема, спрощують процес взаємодії клієнтів з банком на основі інклюзії, тобто доступності. Більшість країн мають розроблену національну стратегію з фінансової інклюзії. Фінансово інклюзивне українське суспільство зможе розвинути нову фінансову екосистему на базі мобільних операторів, фінтек-компаній та інтернет-платформ.