Transaction-based Model Research Articles

A Study to Assess the Psychosocial Concerns and Coping Strategies of Parents of Mentally Challenged Attending Special Schools in Malappuram District, Kerala

Aim: The aim of the study is to explore the psychosocial concerns of parents of intellectually challenged children, to determine the coping mechanisms adopted by the parents, and to associate the psychosocial concerns of parents of mentally challenged people using the chosen demographic factors.Introduction: Mental retardation is among the most common neurologic disorder which makes certain limits in mental, cognitive, and group activities.Materials and Methods: Aquantitative non-experimental research approach based on the transaction-based model of stress and coping by Lazarus and Folkman was used. Totally 150 parents of mentally challenged children at VKM Special School, Valanchery, RICCCH, Manjeri Head Office and Good Hope School, Manjeri, were selected as a sample by purposive sampling. The tools used were demographic pro forma, a structured questionnaire on psychosocial concerns, and the David L Tobin Rating Scale for coping strategies.Results: Only 3.33% of parents got 10 out of 10 scores, 29.33% is the highest positive response, and no parents scored positive responses 1 and 2. 41.33% of the parents maintained an average social support strategy, and 45.33% had average social withdrawal strategy. There is a significant association (P < 0.05) of psychosocial concerns with their demographic variables such as the age of the parent, area of residence, monthly income, and gender of the child.Conclusion: Parents should be motivated to score positive responses by 100% with adequate support. They should be aware of improving coping ability and the actively available multidisciplinary training. Adequate measures to be taken to enhance the bridging between the child and the society.

(In)Effective tax enforcement and demand for cash

Cash holdings have increased worldwide in recent years. It is well known that a higher tax burden is typically an important factor in explaining an increase in cash holdings. However, the role of tax enforcement is less known. To explore the effect of tax enforcement on cash holdings, we study fiscal reform carried out in a large, developing country. In mid-2013, Mexico tried to raise tax revenues by enrolling more taxpayers and introducing electronic invoices to counter a secondary market in illegal invoices. Based on a transaction-based model of money demand, we find an ambiguous effect of tougher tax enforcement on money holdings. If institutions are ineffective, the model predicts an increase in cash holdings after tougher enforcement. To test this issue empirically, we propose a vector error correction (VEC) specification for money demand. The results suggest that a tax enforcement policy implemented under a weak institutional framework can exacerbate cash holdings.

The Impact of Stress Due to Digital Communication on Productivity: The Exploratory Study

The theme of research was built progressively. At the beginning, the objective was to explain the relationship between stress due to e-hrm and satisfaction-productivity by using the stress model due to e-hrm to answer to the following problematic: how the stress induced by e-hrm can influence the satisfaction and the productivity of the personnel, but after the exploratory study made with 3 cases (automobile and aeronautics), we understood that the problematic is badly developed and the theme requires a reorientation towards the phenomena which touches the target from where the birth of this second problematic: how the stress induced by the digital communication can influence the productivity. To answer this latter we have developed a conceptual model of stress due to digital communication which is based on Transactional Theory (Lazarus & Launier, 1978), Transaction-Based Models (TBM (Tarafdar, Tu, Ragu-Nathan, & Ragu-Nathan, 2007), The Technostress Phenomen (Ragu-Nathan, Tarafdar, Ragu-Nathan, & Tu, 2008). The next step in the research is a continuation of the exploratory study to refine the model and thereafter a final study (quantitative or qualitative) to confirm the hypotheses.

Pricing on monopoly online trading platform with heterogeneous trading behavior and the long tail

Purpose This paper aims to study the pricing strategies of an online trading platform with indirect network externalities by considering heterogeneous trading behavior in the downstream market and the long tail. Design/methodology/approach The game theory, optimization and comparative static are used in this research. The equilibria are derived from the game theory, and with them, the authors optimize the platform’s profit function. Comparative static is used to study pricing strategies. Findings It is found that with heterogeneous trading behavior, the transaction-based model is more profitable than the subscription-based model by reason of the feasibility of “price discrimination”. However, with certain advantages of subscription fees such as avoiding offline transactions, the subscription-based model is better with a concentrated distribution of sellers’ revenues (the Gini coefficient is small). With a lucrative long tail, the platform should set a low price to attract small sellers in the long tail. Besides, if the Gini coefficient is large, the effects of the market entry barrier of sellers on the optimal price in each model may be opposite. Research limitations/implications It implies that the choice of revenue models and pricing strategies are influenced by the Gini coefficient or the long tail. The exogenous setting in which buyers can use the platform for free needs further extension. Practical implications The authors provide insights on how to choose revenue models and how to price the sellers with the long tail phenomenon. Originality/value This paper emphasizes the role of the long tail on pricing strategies and the effect of heterogeneous trading behavior on model selection.

The Impact of Technostress Components on the Employees Satisfaction and Perceived Performance

The present study investigates the effects of technostress creators and inhibitors on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and perceived performance. A research model derived from the Transaction-Based Model of Stress and Coping Theory was developed and tested using a web-based survey questionnaire. The variables considered are technostress creators, technostress inhibitors, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and perceived performance. A Structural Equation Model using a convenience sample from Qatar population was used to test the model. The results show that organizational commitment has a significant positive effect on perceived performance. Job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment. Technostress creators have a significant negative effect on job satisfaction. Technostress inhibitors have a significant positive effect on job satisfaction. Implications for managers and researchers are reported.

The Influence of Wind Energy and Biogas on Farmland Prices

In the context of the rapid development of renewable energy in Germany in the last decade, and increased concerns regarding its potential impacts on farmland prices, this paper investigates the impact of wind energy and biogas production on agricultural land purchasing prices. To quantify the possible impact of the cumulative capacity of wind turbines and biogas plants on arable land prices in Saxony-Anhalt, we estimate a community-based and a transaction-based model using spatial econometrics and ordinary least squares. Based on data from 2007 to 2016, our analysis shows that a higher cumulative capacity of wind turbines in communities leads to higher farmland transaction prices, though the effect is very small: if the average cumulative capacity of wind turbines per community doubles, we expect that farmland prices per hectare increase by 0.4%. Plots that are directly affected by a wind turbine or part of a regional development plan, however, experience strong price increases.

Conceptional Problems of Transaction-based Modeling and its Implementation in SimEvents 4.4

Conceptional Problems of Transaction-based Modeling and its Implementation in SimEvents 4.4

A Design of AMBA AXI4-Lite ACE Interconnect Protocol for Transactionbased SoC Design Techniques Integration

The chip design in the 21st century has undergone various changes due to the increased customer demands and this lead to design complexity in systems-on-chip (SoC), network-on-chip (NoC), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) designs. This creates a situation to develop an advanced system to resolve the complexity issue in meantime. The verification step consumes the major portion of the VDHL time and transaction-level modeling (TLM) and Bus Functional modeling (BFM) are used in order to reduce this effort. Transaction-level modeling (TLM) is a technique used to describe the system by using the standard function calls which defines all the transactions which are required to verify the functionality of the system at the architecture level. The usage of the transaction based techniques are designed for the software analysis and for the first time, in this research work it is used for the physical hardware design and its analysis based on the AMBA ace-lite architecture. In past AMBA AXI4 Bus Interconnects is used for the hardware system design but it fails to meet the practical design requirements and the proposed AMBA ace-lite architecture has yielded the desired results with low complexity. With the proposed AMBA ace-lite architectural design for hardware system design, several SoC/NoC subsystems can easily be interconnected in basically the same manner as how transaction-based simulation models are being written. The proposed methodology is useful for the hardware design engineers to deal with the complexity simplification issues by bringing the benefits of transaction-based verification (TBV) to it approach.

Strategic sourcing business models

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe how seven sourcing models operate along a continuum depending on the complexity of the marketplace and the strategic needs of buyers and suppliers. Studies of business procurement and sourcing practices reveal that collaborative and holistic approaches will increase efficiencies and value in strategic outsourcing relationships. Design/methodology/approach The design is based on research and fieldwork from the University of Tennessee and vetted with the Sourcing Industry Group, the Center for Outsourcing Research and Education and the International Association for Contracts and Commercial Management. This work provided the basis and framework for the 2015 book, Strategic Sourcing in the New Economy: Harnessing the Potential of Sourcing Business Models in Modern Procurement. Findings Most organizations operate under conventional transaction-based models that are constrained by a formal, legally oriented, risk-averse and liability-based culture. There is growing awareness that transactional-based approaches do not always give each party the intended, or best, results. University of Tennessee research shows how organizations apply alternative output- and outcome-based approaches for complex contracts. That experience demonstrates that alternative Sourcing Business Models are viable approaches to the conventional transactional methods[1]. As senior leaders see positive results from carefully crafted collaborative agreements, momentum grows for both output- and outcome-based approaches. Practical implications Education on sourcing business models. Originality/value Collaborative outsourcing.

Reputation and Quality Indicators to Improve Community Governance

Social innovation presents new opportunities for participation and inclusion. Yet, many social innovation projects or initiatives are characterised by a power law distribution, where a large majority of contributions are provided by a very small portion of people. Besides, most of these initiatives lack a systematic structure and incentivization mechanism, but merely rely on irregular volunteer-driven participation. This not only impinges upon their long-term sustainability, but also significantly reduce their ability to scale over time.Prior attempts at resolving these issues have been focusing for the most part on hierarchical structures or transaction-based models that mainly replicate traditional market logics. We propose here a new model of distributed governance for social innovation communities, based on a gratitude-based reward and reputation system that could promote inclusion and participation within these communities, without incurring the costs associated with centralized decision-making and without engaging into the distortive effects of today’s market-based transactions.

Improving computation efficiency of schedulability of transaction-based task model for distributed real-time embedded systems

In the transaction-based task model, the system consists of multiple end-to-end transactions; each transaction consists of multiple tasks, with or without explicit precedence constraints; each task has a release offset (with possible release jitter) relative to the transaction start time. The transaction-based task model is especially useful for schedulability analysis in distributed real-time systems. For schedulability analysis of this task model, some authors have developed an exact analysis algorithm with exponential time complexity and a pessimistic tractable analysis algorithm with polynomial time complexity. In this paper, we aim to improve the computation efficiency of the exact analysis algorithm to make it applicable to larger tasksets. We define the concept of dominance relationship between any pair of tasks in the same transaction with higher-priority than the task under analysis. If task τix dominates task τiy in the same transaction, then τiy can be omitted from the WCRT analysis equations to improve computation efficiency. We present effective techniques for determining dominance relationship between tasks. Performance evaluation shows that our technique can generate significant improvements in computation efficiency.

Improving computation efficiency of schedulability of transaction-based task model for distributed real-time embedded systems

Improving computation efficiency of schedulability of transaction-based task model for distributed real-time embedded systems

Economists Owe Ecology an Apology

This apology is neither a wholesale rejection of economic thought and perspective nor an admission of error in our understanding of ecological values or human impacts on the environment. Life is complex. It's an apology for the unintended damage that's resulted from misapplying economic ideas: GDP fails to include non-market costs and benefits; transaction-based models mischaracterize dynamic relationships; aggregate social efficiency overlooks distribution impacts; technological advances can have substantial, unmeasured environmental impacts.

모바일 오피스 시스템이 사용자의 업무과부하 및 직무 스트레스에 미치는 영향

The use of mobile office systems has been expanded due to the smartphones` rapid diffusion in Korea, and it has brought a new work environment that is different from traditional working patterns. In this study, the unique attributes of mobile office systems, such as ubiquity, usefulness, complexity, and insecurity, are examined along with the impact of these attributes on work overload and job stress. Based on transaction-based model of job stress, organizational support was applied as a stress inhibitor and also the moderator between work overload and job stress. The findings of this study show that ubiquity increases usefulness of mobile office systems; complexity increases both work overload and job stress; and insecurity increases job stress. Surprisingly, usefulness increases job stress, which means employees who perceive the efficiency of mobile office systems higher may feel more job stress. Organizational support for mobile office systems significantly shows the moderating effect, but no direct mitigating effect on job stress. The theoretical and practical implications in order to mitigate the side effects of mobile office systems based on the research findings are thoroughly discussed.

Power Trends in Communication Networks

Power trends in communication networks are analyzed using a transaction-based model. Traffic models are developed for North America and used to evaluate the relative power trends of wireline networks and mobile networks through 2020. An ideal case for aggressive network-efficiency improvement measures is evaluated within this framework and shown to lead to roughly unchanged consumption over the next decade. Implications for future technology requirements are discussed.

Anomaly Detection via Feature-Aided Tracking and Hidden Markov Models

The problem of detecting an anomaly (or abnormal event) is such that the distribution of observations is different before and after an unknown onset time, and the objective is to detect the change by statistically matching the observed pattern with that predicted by a model. In the context of asymmetric threats, the detection of an abnormal situation refers to the discovery of suspicious activities of a hostile nation or group out of noisy, scattered, and partial intelligence data. The problem becomes complex in a low signal-to-noise ratio environment, such as asymmetric threats, because the ldquosignalrdquo observations are far fewer than ldquonoiserdquo observations. Furthermore, the signal observations are ldquohiddenrdquo in the noise. In this paper, we illustrate the capabilities of hidden Markov models (HMMs), combined with feature-aided tracking, for the detection of asymmetric threats. A transaction-based probabilistic model is proposed to combine HMMs and feature-aided tracking. A procedure analogous to Page's test is used for the quickest detection of abnormal events. The simulation results show that our method is able to detect the modeled pattern of an asymmetric threat with a high performance as compared to a maximum likelihood-based data mining technique. Performance analysis shows that the detection of HMMs improves with increase in the complexity of HMMs (i.e., the number of states in an HMM).

The Consequences of Technostress for End Users in Organizations: Conceptual Development and Empirical Validation

The research reported in this paper studies the phenomenon of technostress, that is, stress experienced by end users of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), and examines its influence on their job satisfaction, commitment to the organization, and intention to stay. Drawing from the Transaction-Based Model of stress and prior research on the effects of ICTs on end users, we first conceptually build a nomological net for technostress to understand the influence of technostress on three variables relating to end users of ICTs: job satisfaction, and organizational and continuance commitment. Because there are no prior instruments to measure constructs related to technostress, we develop and empirically validate two second order constructs: technostress creators (i.e., factors that create stress from the use of ICTs) and technostress inhibitors (i.e., organizational mechanisms that reduce stress from the use of ICTs). We test our conceptual model using data from the responses of 608 end users of ICTs from multiple organizations to a survey questionnaire. Our results, based on structural equation modeling (SEM), show that technostress creators decrease job satisfaction, leading to decreased organizational and continuance commitment, while Technostress inhibitors increase job satisfaction and organizational and continuance commitment. We also find that age, gender, education, and computer confidence influence technostress. The implications of these results and future research directions are discussed.

Contracting in Transition

Capital industries are currently undergoing a transition from being machine manufacturers to being providers of solutions and expertise. It is generally accepted that each step of the transition requires new business forms and consequently managerial and organizational changes within the company. Less attention has been paid to contracting in shifting from short term delivery contracts to long term contracts where the shift is from ownership to access. This paper examines the challenges set to contracting in different phases of the transition and business models. Contracting contents and processes in eight companies in product providing industry whose aim is to become solution providers were studied. The focus is on the following business models that are defined on the basis of the extent and quality of services offered: 1) transaction-based model a) machine supplier, b) solution provider, c) maintenance partner; 2) outcome based-based model: a) performance partner, b) value partner. The main aim is to study how well the contractual processes and practices and the actual practice of contracting catered the needs of these different business relations. A general observation was that although some templates and standard terms have been designed for services the focus of the contracts is still very much on the traditional machine sales business. The paper proposes that soft law and the various measures it incorporates play an ever increasing role in relation to the new business models.

Fast exploration of bus-based communication architectures at the CCATB abstraction

Currently, system-on-chip (SoC) designs are becoming increasingly complex, with more and more components being integrated into a single SoC design. Communication between these components is increasingly dominating critical system paths and frequently becomes the source of performance bottlenecks. It, therefore, becomes imperative for designers to explore the communication space early in the design flow. Traditionally, system designers have used Pin-Accurate Bus Cycle Accurate (PA-BCA) models for early communication space exploration. These models capture all of the bus signals and strictly maintain cycle accuracy, which is useful for reliable performance exploration but results in slow simulation speeds for complex, designs, even when they are modeled using high-level languages. Recently, there have been several efforts to use the Transaction-Level Modeling (TLM) paradigm for improving simulation performance in BCA models. However, these transaction-based BCA (T-BCA) models capture a lot of details that can be eliminated when exploring communication architectures. In this paper, we extend the TLM approach and propose a new transaction-based modeling abstraction level (CCATB) to explore the communication design space. Our abstraction level bridges the gap between the TLM and BCA levels, and yields an average performance speedup of 120% over PA-BCA and 67% over T-BCA models, on average. The CCATB models are not only faster to simulate, but also extremely accurate and take less time to model compared to both T-BCA and PA-BCA models. We describe the mechanisms that produce the speedup in CCATB models and also analyze how the achieved simulation speedup scales with design complexity. To demonstrate the effectiveness of using CCATB for exploration, we present communication space exploration case studies from the broadband communication and multimedia application domains.

Consistency verification in transaction-based optimistic steering of distributed computations

We present an optimistic approach for consistent, interactive steering of distributed computations. In contrast to conservative approaches, the optimistic steering approach assumes that next steerable points are consistent and invokes steering updates without concern for the state of any other process. This approach is expected to perform well since it eliminates the need for blocking processes. Furthermore, we introduce a novel transaction-based computation model. We view the local computation of a process as a sequence of local transactions and a distributed computation as a set of partially ordered global transactions. This abstraction not only gives users a simple and high-level view of distributed computation, but also simplifies reasoning about consistency problems by reducing the amount of information to be handled. Using the Higher KdV (HiKdV) equation simulation program, we evaluate the performance of the optimistic steering approach. Our experiments show that when the percentages of consistency on the first attempt are large enough, the optimistic approach will achieve better performance; otherwise, the conservative approach will be better.